Compilation basis:
1, Code for Quality Acceptance of Building Decoration Engineering (GB502 10-200 1)
2. Technical Specification for Non-bearing Concrete Small Block Masonry Engineering (DBJ/T 15- 18-97)
3. Code for Quality Acceptance of Masonry Engineering (GB 50203-2002；; );
4. Architectural and structural design drawings, records of joint review of design drawings and records of design changes.
1. Construction preparation
1. The materials used in the decoration project shall be selected according to the design requirements, confirmed by the owner and the supervisor, and conform to the provisions of the current material standards; And should have the factory certificate or inspection report;
2. Mortar, lime and paint. Used for decoration engineering should be centralized processing and preparation. A matching plate should be hung near the mixer to indicate the components of the materials used. It is forbidden to mix internal and external wall mortar, and it is forbidden to mix grassroots mortar with plastering mortar.
3. Plastering should be carried out 7 days after the completion of masonry, and the quality of masonry engineering should be checked before construction;
4. The varieties of plastering mortar shall meet the design requirements. During construction, the design mixture ratio requirements shall be strictly implemented, and the mixture ratio and consistency can only be used after inspection;
5. Before rendering, send someone to check whether the position of railings and embedded parts is correct and whether the connection with the wall is firm. Mortar joints, holes and gouges where whole pieces were missing on the block wall shall be filled and leveled, and floating ash shall be removed. When necessary, water should be properly moistened.
Plastering construction technology of ceiling and interior wall
First, the preparation work before construction
1. Main materials:
Lime plaster: When used, lime plaster must not contain immature particles and other impurities.
Cement: 32.5 R ordinary portland cement. There should be a factory certificate and inspection report. When the factory leaves for more than three months, witness sampling inspection shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations and marked according to the inspection results.
Sand: Medium sand with fineness modulus of 2.6 should be screened with 5mm aperture before use. And must not contain impurities.
2. Main machines and tools:
Mortar mixer, shovel, sieve (aperture 5mm), handcart, vat, ash chute, ash spoon, 2.5m middle bar, 1.5m middle bar, 3m ruler board, wire pendant, steel tape measure, square ruler, gray board, iron trowel, wood trowel, plastic trowel, and 8-foot with a thickness of 5~7mm.
3. Operating conditions:
According to the drawing requirements, all external walls are hung with steel wire mesh, the diameter of steel wire mesh is Ф1,the mesh is 20×20mm, and the mesh width at the junction of internal walls and concrete structures with different materials is 500mm. Hanging nets must be close to the wall, and the lap between nets is 25cm.
Remove the concrete protruding from the surface of lintel, beam pad and constructional column. Foot-hand-eye should be tightly blocked, exposed steel bar heads and lead wires should be cut off, and windowsill bricks should be filled; The junction between interior partition wall and floor slab and beam bottom shall be laid with inclined bricks, and mortar between bricks shall be filled.
When the pipeline crosses the wall hole and floor hole, the casing shall be placed in time and filled with 1: 3 cement mortar or fine stone concrete. According to the design and mechanical safety requirements, the reserved hole should be closed at 1cm from the edge of the hole. After the pipeline is installed and sealed, it should be completely filled.
Dust, dirt, oil stains, etc. on the surface of the grass-roots unit should be removed and watered as soon as possible.
According to the indoor height and the specific situation of plastering site, prepare plastering high stool or scaffold in advance, and the shelf is 200-250mm away from the wall and corner, which is convenient for operation.
When plastering indoors before the completion of the waterproof project, protective measures must be taken to prevent cross-contamination during construction.
Second, the operation process
1, wall plastering technology:
2, metope sprinkler:
The day before plastering, water should be sprayed from top to bottom to wet the rubber hose.
3, indoor brick wall plastering
According to the plastering quality grade required by the design drawings, according to the smoothness and verticality of the base surface, hang vertically, set square and find rules. After inspection, determine the plastering thickness, but at least it shall not be less than 7 mm 1: 1 fine cement mortar is mixed with 108 glue, that is, 20% of the water weight, and the mortar is brushed on the wall with a broom. After the final set, water and maintain until all the cement mortar bumps are stuck on the smooth surface of concrete, with high strength and unbreakable by hand.
When the wall is large, it should be leveled by layers (the thickness of each layer of lime mortar and cement mortar is 7-9mm), and the ash cake should be pasted first, and then the ash cake should be pasted during operation; Plaster cake should be based on the requirements of indoor plastering (distinguish plastering skirting board from cement dado), so as to determine the correct position of ash cake, and find verticality and flatness with guiding rule. The ash cake should be plastered with 1: 3 cement mortar into a 5cm square shape.
4, plastering cement baseboard:
Spray the wall with clean water, and the dust and dirt will be cleaned. According to the plastered ash cake screed (this reinforcement is wider, 8- 10cm is advisable, so this reinforcement is the basis for the baseboard to start plastering the wall, and it is also the basis for plastering the wall with lime mortar), fill in the file, and plaster the ceiling with 1: 1: 4 mixed mortar. Rub the hair with a wood trowel, and the mortar can be plastered the next day at room temperature. Surface ash shall be plastered and calendered with 1: 1: 4 mixed mortar to control the smoothness of the interface.
5, do cement corner protector:
The external angle of indoor wall surface, cylindrical external angle, and external angle of door and window openings shall be leveled with plastering cake made of 1: 2 cement mortar. When the mortar is slightly dry, it will be made into small rounded corners with plain cement slurry mixed with 108 glue. Brush the cement slurry mixed with 10% and 108 the next day, and then apply 1: 2.5 cement mortar surface. When the surface color begins to turn white, water it for 2-3 days. The plaster of the lower mouth of the windowsill plate should be straight without burr.
6, wipe the bottom ash:
When plastering, scrape a thin layer first, then file it in layers, then scrape it off vertically and horizontally with big poles and scrape it off with a wooden trowel. Then comprehensively check whether the foundation ash is smooth, whether the angle of Yin and Yang is square, whether the ash in the pipeline is smooth, whether the handover between the wall and the top is smooth, and check the verticality and reinforcement of the wall with a supporting plate.
Repairing and plastering reserved holes, electrical boxes, troughs and boxes: After the bottom ash is leveled, the designated personnel shall immediately scrape off 5cm of lime mortar around reserved holes, electrical boxes, troughs and boxes, and plaster them with 1: 1: 4 cement mixed mortar instead, so as to make the periphery of holes, boxes, troughs and boxes smooth.
7, plaster surface ash:
When the bottom ash is 60% to 70% dry, the top ash can be plastered (if the bottom ash is too dry, it should be watered and moistened). Covering ash should be kept twice, with a thickness of about 2mm. It is best for two people to operate at the same time. One person scraped it thin first, and the other smoothed it. According to the order from top to bottom, then calender and compact, then press it again with an iron trowel, finally calender it with a plastic trowel, and then clean up the polluted place with a brush dipped in water.
Third, the external wall plastering, brick construction technology
First, the construction preparation
1. Main materials:
Cement: 32.5 R ordinary portland cement. There should be a factory certificate and inspection report. When it leaves the factory for more than three months, it will be handled according to the inspection results.
Sand: Medium sand with fineness modulus of 2.6 should be screened with 5mm aperture before use. And must not contain impurities.
2. Main machines and tools:
Mortar mixer, flat shovel, sieve (aperture 5mm), narrow trolley, vat, ash chute, ash spoon, 2.5m middle bar, 1.5m middle bar, 2m ruler board, wire pendant, steel tape measure, square ruler, grey board, iron trowel, wood trowel, plastic trowel, splayed ruler, and 5~7mm thick.
3. Operating conditions:
Scaffolding should be set up in advance, and double-row shelves should be selected, and the horizontal and vertical rods and tie rods are apart from the quarrel between doors and windows 150-200mm. The step height of the shelf should meet the construction requirements.
The wall surface at the grass-roots level should be cleaned, and the feet, hands and eyes should be blocked.
Second, the operation process
Process flow:
(1) When the foundation is a concrete wall:
Basic treatment: firstly, level the concrete protruding from the wall, roughen the surface, brush it flat with a wire brush, and then water it to wet it. Then 1: 1 fine cement mortar is mixed with 108 glue, accounting for 20% of the water weight, and the mortar is sprayed or thrown on the wall with a broom, and the throwing points should be even. After the final set, water and maintain until all the cement mortar bumps are stuck on the smooth surface of concrete, with high strength and unbreakable by hand.
Be sure to find good rules before plastering, that is, square angle, horizontal leveling, vertical hanging straight, pop-up alignment. Check the flatness of the wall with a pallet, roughly determine the plastering thickness (the thinnest part is generally not less than 7mm), and then make a standard ash cake in the upper corner of the wall (the ash cake should be painted with 1: 3 cement mortar into a 5cm square shape), and the thickness is determined by the flatness and verticality of the wall, and then make a standard ash cake vertically in the lower corner of the wall with a pallet or a wire hammer according to the two ash cakes, and the thickness will be subject to verticality. After the ash cake is slightly dry, wipe about 10cm mortar screed between the upper and lower ash cakes, level it with wooden poles, and wipe the bottom layer after it is slightly dry. Outside window sill, lintel, rain mouth, balcony, roof and protruding waist line, etc. , there should be a running water slope above, and there should be a drip line or drip tank below. The depth and width of the water tank shall not be less than10mm, and shall be neat and consistent.
The external wall is covered with φ 1 steel mesh, the mesh is 20×20mm, the lap joint of steel mesh should not be less than 25cm, the steel mesh should keep a distance of 5~8mm from the wall, and it should be located in the middle and outside of the plastering layer, and the thickness of the protective layer is about 1cm.
According to the flatness of the wall structure, find out the rule of sticking bricks. The horizontal line is controlled by the floor as the horizontal baseline, and the vertical line is controlled by the surrounding big corners and interlayers passing through columns and buttresses as the baseline. When priming each layer, screed shall be carried out with the ash cake as the reference point, so that the bottom ash shall be horizontal, flat and vertical. At the same time, we should pay attention to find out the flowing water slope and drip line (groove) of decorative surfaces such as cornice, waistline, windowsill and awning, and their depth and width should not be less than 10mm, and they should be neat and consistent.
Igniting: Igniting is generally divided into two operations. Brush a layer of 108 glue cement slurry first, the water weight is 15%, the surface is plastered with 8 thick 1: 2 (volume ratio) cement mortar, and the Bo Tu layer is compacted with a trowel. For the second time, use 12 thick 1: 3 (volume ratio) cement mortar, level it with short poles, fill in the pits in advance, and finally rub out the pits with a wooden trowel. After the foundation is plastered, water it for maintenance the next day.
Elastic control line: Before sticking bricks, the construction details should be released, and all brick lines should be popped up according to the specific height. When the horizontal line is elastic, the number of bricks to be faced should be calculated to keep the number of bricks in an integer between the two lines. If it is necessary to divide the frame according to the total height, the joint width can be determined according to the tile varieties and specifications required by the owner and the supervisor, and then the frame strips can be processed. However, it should be noted that there should not be more than one row of incomplete bricks on the same wall, and they should be set in a hidden place.
Brick sticking: Before construction, spray water on the wall. During construction, adjust the verticality according to the wall control line and line ruler, and stick the first column as the benchmark. The back of the brick should be coated with cement slurry, and then the brick should be struck with a gray spoon and wooden handle after sticking to the wall to make the brick paste firmly, and the brick surface and epithelium should be leveled with a pressure ruler. After each row is paved, every brick should be rechecked. If it is found to be empty, it should be lifted in time and pasted again. After laying, wipe it with cotton yarn and cloth until there is no trace
Joint adjustment: fill the brick joint with cement slurry, and wipe it with cotton yarn and cloth after completion until no residue is left.
(2) When the base is a brick wall:
Basic treatment: Before plastering, the wall surface must be cleaned and the windowsill, window cover and waist line should be checked. The damaged and loose parts should be handled well, and then the wall should be watered and wet.
Igniting: Igniting is generally divided into two operations. For the first time, apply a thin layer and compact it with a trowel. The mixing ratio of cement mortar is 1: 2.5, and 108 glue accounting for 20% of the cement weight is added. For the second time, use 12 thick 1: 3 (volume ratio) cement mortar, level it with short poles, fill in the pits in advance, and finally rub out the pits with a wooden trowel. After the foundation is plastered, water it for maintenance the next day.
Subsequent projects are the same as "When the foundation is a concrete wall".