1. General procedures for plant food identification
When trying a certain plant with potential food value, the procedure introduced below should be followed, and one person can only try one at a time . Never take chances while going through the process. If you are in doubt, don't try it. When you feel something is wrong, stimulate your throat as quickly as possible to vomit it out. Charcoal ash is a useful emetic. Swallowing a small amount of charcoal ash can induce vomiting, and it can also absorb toxins. Mixing charcoal ash with water to form a paste will ease the burden on your stomach.
1. Check
First try to see if it is poisonous. If there are many maggots or other worms attached to the leaves or stems of the plant, of course you should not remove them. It's best to ignore the types that have no nutritional value. Some plants will synthesize or produce some toxic chemicals through decomposition during the aging process.
2. Smell
Cut a small part of the plant and put it in front of your nose and smell it. If there is an offensive smell of bitter almond or peach bark - throw it away immediately it.
3. Irritation reaction
Squeeze a little juice and apply it on sensitive parts of the body such as the forearm between the elbow and the armpit. If you feel any discomfort, Rash or swelling - Throw it away as soon as possible and there is no need to continue with the following procedures.
4. Licking your lips, chewing your tongue, and tasting
If your skin feels no discomfort, you can continue to take the following steps. They should be separated by at least 5 seconds to observe whether there is any discomfort. reaction. Only a small amount of material is needed for each attempt.
Touch the lips
Remove the corners of the mouth
Lick the tip of the tongue
Lick the base of the tongue
Chew a small amount Block plants
During the respective process, if any symptoms of discomfort appear, such as sore throat, strong burning sensation, irritating pain, etc., throw it away as soon as possible. There is no need to continue with the following steps.
5. Swallowing: Swallow a small piece of the plant and wait patiently for 5 hours. Do not eat any other food during this period. 2. Ways to find prey
You must study the characteristics of each animal and understand details such as where they hide, inhabit, forage, and drink. One must learn how to kill prey most efficiently, what traps to set, where to hunt, etc. Don't kill innocent people indiscriminately, only do it when absolutely necessary.
Adult female animals have the most delicious taste and the most meat. The younger the animal, the more lean meat it has. Adult male animals have the highest fat content before estrus (this will vary depending on the species and region). During estrus they gradually lose fat and even the normal amount of bone marrow. In order to survive the cold winter safely, animals will accumulate some fat, and in summer the fat tissue will gradually decrease. The older the animal, the higher the fat content and the texture of the meat is coarser.
Wild animals can be found almost everywhere on the planet, but seeing them is not always easy. Learning to recognize the tracks left by animals and identify them will help you choose an appropriate hunting or trapping strategy, and know what types of bait are most effective and set traps accordingly.
Most mammals only go out in the morning and evening. During the day, only large beasts and birds of prey were running around. Large herbivores also need to forage throughout the day to fill their stomachs. Some small animals need to eat frequently and will be constantly active throughout the day - but most small mammals, such as rabbits, feed primarily at night unless the weather changes. For carnivores, their prey can be captured while they are out and about. As a survivor, you should be the same as them, but you have more opportunities to catch prey that you have not even seen through traps.
1. Animal traces
Most animals move very regularly, with fixed routes between drinking water, foraging and returning to their nests. Pay attention to these trace signals. Animal tracks will be more obvious in wetlands, snow and soft sand, and there will be other more obvious signals in dense forest areas. The size of the tracks is basically proportional to the size of the animal. By judging the clarity of the tracks and how much water they contain, the time of the animal's passage can be accurately determined. Is water seeping in or rain filling it? Whether the stain has become unclear. The clearer the tracks, the shorter the time for animals to pass.
In the early morning, pay attention and examine the tracks left by animals on the ground. If the dew or cobwebs had been knocked off or broken, the passage of the animals would probably have been no more than a few hours from now. Some animals, such as rabbits, have a small radius of movement, and corresponding tracks are likely to indicate that they are nearby. Some animals also open passages through dense underbrush, the size of which indicates the size of the animal in question. The degree of damage to the twigs on either side of the track also provides information about the animal. Check the condition of the broken leaf sections: Are the trampled branches and leaves withered? Are the damaged branches still there? Is there any fresh green? Make good marks between the trees. Animal feeding signals and abandoned plants are also useful indicators. Animal droppings can also provide a lot of relevant information.
2. Gnawing marks
The way the bark peels off, the nut shells left after gnawing, the teeth marks on the remaining berries and twigs, and the carnivorous nature The leftover prey carcasses of animals and the destruction of prey nests can help determine the types of animals living nearby and their living habits.
In places where food is abundant, abandoned fruits or nuts are often found. These may be left by animals, because after seeing another one, it will throw away the one in its hand and pick another one. Not only does it explain their presence, but also how to set bait to catch them.
You can often tell what animal it is by observing the teeth or mouth marks left on the nuts, or the way the pine nuts are peeled.
3. Excrement
Feces is also one of the best indicators for identifying animal types. The size and number of animals can also be seen, and the dryness of the feces is one indicator of when they passed through the area. Over time, the stool will become hard and the odor will gradually disappear - fresh stool contains a certain proportion of water. Flying flies can draw your attention to nearby animal droppings.
Mammals: The feces of many mammals have a strong odor, which is secreted by glands near the inside of the anus. They have important functions such as marking territory and sending sexual signals. Can be used as bait.
4. Digging
Some animals dig holes in the ground in search of insects and root food. Wild boars, in particular, are capable of overturning large areas of ground. If there is obviously new moist broken soil, it is likely that animals visited the area not too long ago. Large chunks of mud combined with tracks from animal wallows are usually the result of porcine animals. Squirrels dig up plant roots and leave small marks on the surface.
5. Odor and smell
Listen carefully to the sounds around you and pay attention to the smell left in the air. They may indicate when wild animals appear and what kind of animals they are. Where there are carnivorous beasts, there may also be corresponding predators. Many people neglect their sense of smell. Some animals have a very keen sense of smell, especially foxes. Keep your eyes open at all times. When the weather is cold, the breath of large animals often condenses into visible mist. If you are in a favorable terrain, you can detect it even from a distance.
6. Burrows and dens
Many animals usually make nests in burrows on high ground away from the water. Some animals, such as rabbits and squirrels, are not very difficult to catch despite the saying that cunning rabbits have three burrows. Rabbit emergency burrows are easily dug, or the rabbit can be hooked out by pushing a piece of thorn or barbed silk thread into a burrow close to the surface.
Carnivores usually hide in caves, which is common in forests. Droppings or tracks around the burrow will give away their whereabouts - and also indicate that the burrow is occupied (although a few animals, such as badgers, will regularly defecate away from the burrow).
3. Home earthquake isolation plan
1. Inspect and reinforce housing 1) The quality, newness and age of the housing are closely related to the degree of damage. The load-bearing wall is the skeleton of the entire room. It should be inspected as a key point. Whether the "skeleton" is solid, whether there are cracks or tilts, whether the wooden pillars are corroded or moth-eaten, etc.; 2) For damage to the farm tools and housing, the following methods can be used: Galling rods, adding pillars or attachments to the wall, repairing and replacing corroded or damaged pillars, adding pads, diagonal braces and other methods to enhance the stability of the roof and the firmness of the connection between the roof and the wall.
2. Place furniture and items reasonably. 1) Clean up debris to keep doorways and corridors clear. 2) Remove or secure items hanging on the roof and walls to prevent them from falling over; do not pile heavy objects on top of furniture, and place furniture items in such a way that "heavy at the bottom and light at the top"; on glass doors and windows Paste anti-shock tape; 3) Place dangerous goods in your home, including: flammable goods (kerosene, gasoline, alcohol, paint, etc.), explosive goods (gas tanks, oxygen bags, oxygen bottles, etc.), drugs (insecticides, etc.) agents, pesticides, etc.). These items can easily cause secondary earthquake disasters. They must be stored properly to prevent impact, breakage, overturning, leakage, burning and explosion.
3. Prepare necessary anti-shock items: 1) Evacuate solid furniture to hide in case of an earthquake; 2) Prepare a home anti-shock bag and place it in an easily accessible place, including: "Water , food, clothing, blankets, plastic sheets, medicines, flashlights, dry batteries, etc., put these things together in a "family shockproof bag" or a lightweight suitcase; 3) Personal essential items: flashlights, clothing, plastic tableware , water, etc., and put them in your own earthquake-proof bag
4. Conduct a home earthquake-proof drill 1). If an earthquake occurs suddenly, how to avoid earthquakes at home? What was the whole family doing when the earthquake occurred? The earthquake intensity can be set to a destructive earthquake. Is it indoor or outdoor? Determine the location and method of shock absorption according to everyone's normal living environment. Emergency evacuation after the earthquake. Assuming that after the earthquake stops, how to evacuate from home to a safe area? When evacuating, you should bring an earthquake-proof bag. Young people are responsible for taking care of the elderly and children, and be careful to turn off water, electricity, gas and coal washing stoves.
4. Basic principles for packing a backpack
1. First, let’s see what the terrain is like where we are going. desert? Gobi? Jungle? grassland? Snowy mountains? canyon?
If it is dense forests, shrubs and other terrain, we should try to reduce plug-ins to prevent them from being hooked by branches. And if we go to the desert, Gobi, or grassland, then we can hang the large items outside for easy access.
2. Secondly, what is the climate condition of the place we are going to? Is it rainy in summer? winter? Temperature changes quickly? It's rainy in summer, so we may want to put rainproof clothing where it's most accessible. In spring and autumn, when the temperature changes greatly and the wind is strong, we may need to put windproof clothing in the most convenient place. In winter or in snowy mountains, it is necessary to have down jackets as convenient as possible.
3. Determine the packaging method according to the usage process. For example, the things we may get during a temporary break are mainly food and water, and maybe stoves and pots. Then it can be naturally inferred that food and water should be on top, and stoves and pots can be placed under the drinking water. Looking at setting up camp again, every time you set up and break out of camp, you basically have to unpack everything. If the packing method is unreasonable, it is easy to lose equipment. The most important thing here is the tent. The tent must be placed in the most accessible place. Because usually the first thing you do when setting up camp is to set up a tent. If there is an emergency or bad weather, whether you can set up the tent in time may even be a matter of life.
4. Determine the packing method according to the mechanical principles of carrying. The pretended backpack is meant to be carried on the body, so if the pretended bag looks good but is uncomfortable to carry, then it is a failed method. In fact, there are two very simple points on how to make your back comfortable:
1. Balance: The left and right weights must be balanced. This must be grasped by yourself when packing, and do not let the weight difference between the left and right backpacks be too big
2. Center of gravity: Try to control the center of gravity in the middle and upper part of the backpack close to your back, so that the weight can better act on the belt and allow your hips to bear the weight. Two very taboo points are:
a. Hanging too many heavy objects on the front of the backpack will move the center of gravity away from the back and cause a large backward pull on the shoulders, which will cause discomfort.
b. If the center of gravity is too high, the backpack will become very unstable. Although it is "flexible", it is very unsafe and it is easy to fall if you make a big move.
5. Basic ways to retain and obtain water
Water retention: Don’t waste water on washing clothes. Do not throw away the used water. The water can be reused after settling. It is important to wash your hands before preparing food. You can wait until it rains to wash the rest of the body. The body will secrete oil. As long as the pores are open, it will not affect your health. It doesn't take long for you to get used to the bad smell and the fact that social situations are quite rare in such crisis-ridden conditions. If there are few shower conditions and long intervals between showers, you can use a damp cloth to wipe your body first - place the cloth on the lawn or shrubs at night to absorb enough dew for scrubbing, so as not to consume your water reserves.
Priority must be given to giving the wounded a bath, and all their clothes should be boiled and disinfected regularly.
Methods to find water sources: A. Use water-bearing plants, such as cacti, etc.; B. Search down the valley; C. Use tarps, umbrellas, raincoats, etc. to collect rain when it rains; D. Use plastic bags to cover it Hold the leaves of plants to collect water; E. Hold up the tape at night to collect dew (especially suitable for forests).
As the saying goes, when people go to higher places, water flows to lower places. The first place to find water is in the valley bottom areas. If there are no obvious streams or ponds at the bottom of the valley, pay attention to the distribution of green plants and try to dig down. There may be water sources under the vegetation. Springs are likely to be found beneath dry riverbeds or ditches, especially in sandy and gravelly areas. When looking for water in high mountain areas, you should look for it along rock cracks.
On the coast, pits should be dug above the highest waterline, especially in sand dune areas. There is likely to be a layer of sedimented fresh water about 5 cm thick floating on a denser seawater layer. This layer of water may have a slightly salty taste but is drinkable. Where the cliffs meet the sea, attention should be paid to the lush growth of vegetation, including ferns and mosses. You're likely to find wetlands or springs between faults in the rock.
If fresh water cannot be found, it can also be obtained by distilling salt water.