According to historical records: "He's Bi" is a flat round jade with a hole in the center. It has "a green color when viewed from the side and a white color when viewed from the front" (Du Guangting's "Lu Yiji"), The characteristics of "the color is mixed with green and mysterious, and the brilliance shoots people" (Tao Zongyi's "Zhuigeng Lu"). He's Bi is warm to the touch, does not stain dust, and can shine at night, so it is also called the Luminous Bi. It is not only priceless, but also embodies rich and profound historical connotation.
As for the origin of the Heshi Bi, there is this record in "Han Feizi? Heshi Chapter": In the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a native of Chu, found a precious jade in Jingshan Mountain and presented it to King Li of Chu. He asked the jade worker to identify it and said it was a stone. He cut off his left foot for the crime of deceiving the emperor. Later, when King Wu came to the throne, Bian He offered jade again, but still had his right foot amputated for the crime of deceiving the king. When King Wen came to the throne, Bian He hugged Yu and cried at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. His tears ran out and were followed by blood. When King Wen saw this, he sent someone to ask him why, and he replied: "I am not sad for farewell. I am sad for my husband's precious jade, so I named it a stone, and for a loyal man, I named it after a spot." King Wen had someone cut open the raw material, and the gem was found. It is called "He's Bi". Feeling his loyalty and pity for his separation, King Wen made Bian He the Marquis of Lingyang, but he declined. The story of Bian He Xian Yu has been passed down as a legend through the ages. In "Historical Records? Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru", Sima Qian said: "He's Bi is the only heirloom treasure in the world."
Since Bian He of Chu State presented the bi, from King Wen of Chu to King Xuan of Chu For about four hundred years, He's Bi has been preserved in the Chu royal family and has been passed down from generation to generation, becoming the national treasure of the Chu Kingdom. During the reign of King Wei of Chu, He's Bi was given to Zhaoyang, the Prime Minister of the State of Ling Yin, who had made great achievements in conquering Wei. One day, guests at a banquet in Zhaoyang took out the He's Bi for everyone to see. As a result, the He's Bi was mysteriously lost at the banquet. Zhaoyang searched everywhere and implicated countless people, but found nothing. Zhang Yi was convicted for this and was forced to flee to Qin. Later, Zhang Yi gained the trust of King Qin Huiwen and became the prime minister of Qin, continuously dominating Qin.
Fifty years after He's Bi disappeared, he suddenly appeared in the State of Zhao and was purchased by Ling Muxian, the eunuch of the State of Zhao, in the market. The person selling the jade didn't know whether he didn't know it or was afraid of getting into trouble. In short, he didn't say anything and the price wasn't particularly expensive. So when Miao Xian bought it home, he didn't know it was the famous Heshi Bi. After it was identified by jade craftsmen as the most precious He clan jade in the world, Miao Xian was so happy that he couldn't put it down. After King Zhao Huiwen got the news, he asked Miao Xian for He's Bi, but Miao Xian denied that he didn't have it. King Zhao Huiwen took advantage of Miao Xian to go out hunting, sent people to rush into Miao Xian's house, and took away the Heshi Bi. Miao Xian was afraid that King Zhao would be punished and planned to escape, but Lin Xiangru dissuaded him. Miao Xian pleads guilty, and King Zhao indeed forgives him. Miao Xian took the opportunity to recommend Lin Xiangru to the King of Zhao. Lin Xiangru then stepped onto the political stage and performed the famous story of returning to Zhao after defeat.
After the Qin State unified China, the Heshi Bi came into the hands of Qin King Ying Zheng. Qin Shihuang ordered people to carve the He family jade into a jade seal passed down to the country, and Li Si wrote on it in small eight-character seal script: "If you are ordered by heaven, you will live a long life." It is shaped like a dragon, phoenix, bird, or insect. In 229 BC, Qin Shihuang took a dragon boat to Xiangshan Mountain in Dongting during his inspection tour. A sudden storm arose and the dragon boat was in danger of capsizing. In order to worship the god Zhentao, he threw his precious seal into the lake. Eight years later, an envoy passed through Pingshu Road in Huayin and met a man holding a jade and said: "I am the king of Bianchi." From then on, it was said that the national seal was lost and recovered. After the death of Qin Shihuang, Ziying presented the jade seal to Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang usurped the throne. The empress dowager at that time used the jade seal to hit Wang Xun and Su Xian who came to ask for the seal. A corner of the jade seal broke off, which was later set in gold. Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, obtained this seal from Yiyang. Sun Ce of the Three Kingdoms obtained this seal under the corpse of a woman in the south well of the new palace. Cao Cao obtained this seal from Xuchang. Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty obtained this seal from Jinyang. Taizu of the Song Dynasty obtained this seal from Chenqiao. During the mutiny, the Yuan people obtained this seal and placed it under the cliff mountain. After Emperor Shun of Yuan Dynasty was expelled from the Central Plains and fled to the desert, this seal was never seen again. Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang and Ming Chengzu Zhu Di used troops against Mongolia many times, but they never found the jade seal as they wished.
The jade seal carved by the He family has always been a symbol of China's supreme imperial power. Many people dream of it and fight for it, which has changed the fate of countless people.
King Zhao Huiwen (? ~ 266 BC) was the king of Zhao State at the same time. What's the name? Prince Zhao Wuling. Reigned from 299 BC to 266 BC. When he succeeded to the throne at a young age, he was assisted by Prime Minister Feiyi. In 295 BC, Prince Cheng and Li Dui sent troops to surround Qiu Palace, kill the rebel Prince Zhang, and starve their father (King Wuling of Zhao) to death. Later, Li Dui became the prime minister, and he was in charge of state affairs during his growth period. In 292 BC, King Zhao Huiwen traveled south to the Tang Dynasty to build a city. Around 288 BC, King Zhao of Wei, under the attack of the powerful Qin, dedicated the two places of Ge Nie (southwest of Feixiang County, Hebei Province) and Yincheng to King Zhao Huiwen as "Yangyi" in an attempt to unite Zhao to fight against Qin. In the same year, the State of Zhao sent Uncle Dong to join forces with the Wei army to attack the Song Dynasty. The following year, Zhao State joined forces with Yan, Han, Wei, and Qi to attack Qin, forcing Qin to abolish the imperial title and return the princes and Fu Yu that it had previously captured to Zhao. In 285 BC, King Zhao Huiwen and King Qin Zhao met in Zhongyang. The following year, Zhao and the five kingdoms of Qin, Yan, Han, and Wei raised their troops to attack Qi. King Zhao Huiwen also awarded Yan general Le Yi with the seal of the prime minister. After the Five Kingdoms defeated Qi, the armies of Zhao and Yan still jointly attacked Qi. However, the Qin State had already mobilized its army to attack the three Jin Dynasties. Among them, the two cities of Zhao State, Lin (today's west of Lishi, Shanxi) and Qi (today's southeast of Qixian County, Shanxi), were captured by Qin general Bai Qi. After the decline of Qi, the most powerful country among the seven countries, except Qin, was Zhao. King Zhao Huiwen was a more accomplished king after Queen Zhao Wuling. He once appointed Le Yi as prime minister, Lin Xiangru as minister, Lian Po and Zhao She as generals. He convinced the powerful Qin with reason externally and rectified taxation internally, making "the country The wealth is great, the people are rich and the treasury is solid.
"Militarily, he continued to conquer the lands of Qi and Wei. In 283 BC, Lian Po captured Xiyang of Qi (now northwest of Jin County, Hebei). In the next three years, Zhao She captured Qi Maiqiu (now northwest of Shanghe, Shandong). In 276 BC In 270 BC, Lian Po captured Wei's territory (today's southeast of Hebei Province). It was said that Zhao had "tried to suppress and strengthen Qi for more than 40 years, but Qin could not get what he wanted" ("Warring States Policy? Zhao Ce III"). The Shangdang launched a large-scale attack on Yanyu (now Heshun County, Shanxi Province) of Zhao State. Zhao She led the Zhao army to march slowly to paralyze the Qin army, and then marched quickly to Yanyu and captured the Qin army. After that, Lian Po defeated the Qin army. After several major defeats of the Qin army, Zhao was the only country that could compete with Qin in the annexation war during the reign of King Zhao Huiwen.
Lian Po
Lian Po
Lian Po
p>Lian Po, whose birth and death dates are unknown, was an outstanding military general of the Zhao State during the Warring States Period. His main activities were King Zhao Huiwen (298 BC-266 BC), King Zhao Xiaocheng (266 BC-245 BC), and Zhao Daoxiang. During the reign of King Zhao Huiwen (245 BC - 236 BC), Qi was the most powerful of the six eastern kingdoms. Qi and Qin were powerful states in the east and west. Qin wanted to expand its power in the east. In order to remove obstacles, King Qin sent troops to attack Zhao many times. Lian Po led the Zhao army to defeat the Qin army repeatedly, forcing Qin to change its strategy and implement a vertical alliance. In the fifty-fourth year of King Huiwen (258 BC), Zhongyang (today's west of Zhongyang County, Shanxi) made peace with Zhao Xiang, and united the troops of Han, Yan, Wei, and Zhao to attack Qi, and defeated the Qi army in the 16th year of King Huiwen. (283 BC) led the Zhao army to attack Qi, drove deep into the territory of Qi, captured Yangjin (today's west of Dancheng County, Shandong Province, originally the territory of Wei State, and later belonged to Qi), and threatened the banner princes, and Zhao State also followed suit. The leader of the Six Kingdoms, Lian Po's squadron returned to the court and was worshiped as Shangqing (Shangqing was the most senior civil servant at the time, equivalent to the later prime minister). Qin looked at Zhao and refused to attack rashly because it was frightened by Lian Po's power. . After that, Lian Po led his army to fight, and he was sure to defend and attack. He won almost every battle and shocked the world.
In the 32nd year of King Zhou Nan (the 16th year of King Zhao Huiwen, 283 BC). In the year of 1968, he had obtained Heshibi, and Qin was willing to exchange fifteen cities for it. Zhao sent Lin Xiangru as an envoy to Qin, but Lin Xiangru was just a "sheren" under the eunuch Miao Xian's family, and was recommended to King Huiwen by Miao Xian. "Heshi Bi" served as Zhao's envoy to Qin. With his great wisdom and courage, Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao and won a diplomatic victory over Qin.
Qin then conquered Zhao and occupied Shicheng. In the 19th year of King Wen's reign, he attacked Zhao again and killed 20,000 Zhao troops. At this time, King Qin wanted to make peace with King Zhao in Mianchi (today's west of Mianchi County, Henan Province), but King Zhao was very afraid and did not want to go to negotiate. He thought that King Zhao should go to show the strength of Zhao and the courage of King Zhao. King Zhao and Lin Xian went together, and Lian Po saw each other off. When he said goodbye to King Zhao, he said: "Your Majesty's trip will only last for thirty days. If If you don't pay back for thirty days, please make the prince king to cut off Qin's hope of threatening Zhao. "Lian Po's general demeanor and careful arrangements strengthened King Zhao's deeds. At the same time, because Xiangru Mianchi dealt with the King of Qin without being humble or overbearing, he counterattacked the various methods used by the King of Qin without showing any weakness, which not only restored the reputation of the State of Zhao. , and shocked the King of Qin and the officials, and finally made King Zhao return safely.
After the meeting, King Zhao "received Xiangru as his great minister," and his status was actually higher than Lian Po. I am quite dissatisfied with Lin Xiangru's appointment as a high minister. I think that as a general of Zhao State, I have great achievements in attacking cities and expanding the territory. However, Lin Xiangru, who has a low status, only uses words to talk but is higher than me. This is intolerable. He openly threatened to humiliate Lin Xiangru in public. When Lin Xiangru found out, he did not want to compete with Lian Po, but adopted a tolerant attitude so that Lian Po would not be ranked behind him when he came to court. He always complained about illness every morning. No. Sometimes, when Lin Xiangru was riding out, he saw Lian Po approaching from a distance, so he simply drove away to avoid it. This aroused the dissatisfaction of Lin Xiangru and others. Lin Xiangru explained: "Compared with Lian Po, Qiang Qin is a tiger and a wolf." The King of Qin, Xiangru, dared to scold him in court and humiliate his ministers. Would I still be afraid of Lian Po? The reason why Qin Dynasty did not dare to send troops to Zhao was because Lian Po and I were both officials in the court. If Our fight is like two tigers hurting each other. There is no way to have both sides. The reason why I avoided him was simply that I put the national crisis before my personal grudges. "After Lian Po heard this, he was deeply moved. He chose a day when Lin Xiangru's house had the most guests, and came to Lin Xiangru's house with wattle sticks on his back and naked body, and asked Lin Xiangru to punish him. From then on, the two became close friends, life and death, and passion. *.
The story of "General Harmony" has been expressed in various literary and artistic forms by later generations. Its strong patriotic sentiments are touching and inspiring, and Lian Po's courage to change his character and his sincere and forthright character make people laugh. It makes people feel more amiable and lovely.
In the 20th year of King Zhao Huiwen (278 BC), Lian Po attacked Qi eastward and defeated his army. year), he attacked Qi again and captured Jiucheng. The following year, Lianpo attacked Wei and captured Fangling (20 miles south of today's Anyang, Henan) and Anyang City (43 miles southwest of today's Anyang County, Henan). Lin's friendship made Zhao unite and serve the country wholeheartedly, making Zhao strong and prosperous for a time, and became a barrier for the eastern princes to block Qin's eastward advance. Qin never dared to attack Zhao in the next 10 years.
In 266 BC. , King Zhao Huiwen died, and King Xiaocheng was established. At this time, Qin adopted the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking close by", while making good friends with Qi and Chu, while attacking the neighboring small country King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (55 years ago). 260), Qin attacked Han's underground party.
The Korean defenders of Shangdang were isolated and helpless, so the prefect Feng Ting dedicated Shangdang to Zhao. As a result, a war broke out between Qin and Zhao over the Shangdang area. At this time, the famous general Zhao She was dead, Lin Xiangru was seriously ill, and Lian Po was the only one in charge of military affairs. Therefore, King Zhao Xiaocheng ordered Lian Po to command 200,000 Zhao troops to stop the Qin army in Changping (now northwest of Gaoping County, Shanxi) (see the Battle of Changping). At that time, the Qin army had captured Yewang (now Qinyang, Henan) in the south and Shangdang (now central Shanxi) in the north, cutting off the connection between the north and south of Changping, and its morale was strong. However, the Zhao army had traveled a long distance and was not only at a disadvantage in terms of military strength. , the situation is also in a passive and disadvantageous position. Faced with this situation, Lian Po correctly adopted the operational policy of building fortifications, exhausting the enemy, and attacking the enemy at the right moment. He ordered Zhao Jun to build tight barriers by taking advantage of the dangerous mountains. Although the Qin army challenged him several times, Lian Po always restrained his troops and refused to leave. At the same time, he gathered the people in the Shangdang area and engaged in battlefield transportation while building fortifications to resist the Qin Dynasty. The Zhao army was heavily fortified, and the Qin army was unable to fight. There was nothing they could do, and their vigor was gradually losing. Lian Po used his troops cautiously and held the fort for three years, aiming to thwart the Qin army's plan for a quick victory. Seeing that a quick victory was not possible, Qin asked for advice, convincing King Zhao that what Qin was most worried and afraid of was replacing Lian Po with Zhao Kuo. King Zhao was eager to win, but finally fell into a counter-intentional plot. He thought that Lian Po was too timid to fight, so he forcibly dismissed Lian Po from his post and appointed Zhao Kuo as his general. Although Lin Xiangru strongly remonstrated and pointed out that Zhao Kuo, who only knew military skills on paper, was not suitable for this important task, the King of Zhao refused to listen and appointed Zhao Kuo as a general. After Zhao Kuo replaced Lian Po's position, he completely changed the strategic deployment formulated by Lian Po and replaced many officers. When the Qin State saw Zhao Kuo as its general, they secretly asked Bai Qi, Lord Wu'an, to lead his troops to attack Zhao. Defeated Zhao Kuo's army in Changping, shot Zhao Kuo to death, and trapped more than 400,000 Zhao soldiers. In the Battle of Zhao Changping, Zhao lost 450,000 people.
After the Battle of Changping, the Qin State took advantage of the situation to besiege Handan, the capital of Zhao (see the Battle of Handan), which lasted for more than a year. Fortunately, Wei Gongzi Xinlingjun stole the military talisman to rescue him and was not destroyed, but the national power was already Big reduction.
Yan thought that Zhao was seriously injured in Changping, and took the Prime Minister Li Fu as a general. In view of the situation of Zhao State that "all the strong men were in Changping, and the only one was not strong", in the fifty-sixth year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin ( In 251 BC), he raised his troops to attack Zhao. Zhao made Lian Po a general and commanded the famous Battle of Hadai. He divided the entire army into two groups. One group was led by Le Cheng and went straight to Daidi to fight against the Yan army in the west. He personally led the other group to fight against the main force of the Yan army in Haocheng (now in the north of Baixiang County, Hebei Province). Lian Po commanded the Zhao army, which shared the same hatred of the enemy to defend the homeland, and adopted a strategy of concentrating its forces to attack the enemy's front. He won the first battle, defeated the enemy's front, and defeated the Yan army's arrogance. Then, he led the Zhao army to defeat the main force of the Yan army and killed Li Fu. The leader of the Yan army was beheaded and they retreated in panic. Lian Po seized the opportunity of the Yan army's retreat and ordered the Zhao army to pursue the victory and drive 500 miles to besiege the Yan capital Ji (today's Beijing) in 250 BC. Seeing that Yan State was in danger, King Yan had no choice but to agree to Zhao State's request for ceding five cities and sue for peace. Lian Po won the title of Prime Minister because of his meritorious service. Lian Po served as prime minister for about six or seven years. He repelled invading enemy forces many times and waited for opportunities to attack. In 245 BC, he led troops to capture Longyang in the Wei region (today's northwest of Neihuang County, Henan Province), indicating that Zhao's national strength had been restored.
Lian Po was dismissed from Changping and returned home. When he lost power, all his original followers left. When he was re-appointed as a general, all the disciples gathered around him again. Lian Po was very moved and asked them to leave. The retainer told him: This is nothing strange. Now we make friends by buying and selling in the market. If you have power, we will follow you. If you have no power, we will leave. This is common sense in trading. What's there to complain about?
In the second year of Qin Shihuang (245 BC), King Zhao Xiaocheng died, and his son King Zhao Daoxiang succeeded to the throne. King Xiang listened to the slander of the traitor Guo Kai, dismissed Lian Po from his military post, and sent Le Cheng to replace Lian Po. Lian Po was angry because he was excluded and attacked Lecheng, but Lecheng escaped. Lian Po then left Zhao and went to Daliang of Wei (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). Lian Po went to Daliang to live for a long time. Although the King of Wei took him in, he did not trust or use him seriously. Because the State of Zhao was besieged by the Qin army many times, the King of Zhao wanted to appoint Lian Po again, and Lian Po also wanted to be appointed by the State of Zhao again. King Zhao sent an envoy, the eunuch Tang Jiu, to Daliang with a pair of expensive armor and four fast horses to express condolences to Lian Po and see if Lian Po was still available. Lian Po's enemy Guo Kai was afraid that Lian Po would gain power again, so he secretly gave Tang Jiu a lot of money and asked him to speak ill of Lian Po. After the Zhao envoy met Lian Po, Lian Po ate a bushel of rice and ten kilograms of meat in front of him. He also put on his armor and mounted his horse to show that he was still useful. But the envoy came back and reported to King Zhao: "Although General Lian Po is old, he still has a good appetite, but when he sat with me, he pooped three times in a short time." King Zhao thought that Lian Po was old, so he did not appoint him. , Lian Po no longer had the opportunity to serve his country.
The State of Chu heard that Lian Po was in the State of Wei, and secretly sent people to welcome him into Chu. After Lian Po became the general of Chu, he did not make any achievements. He said: "I want to use Zhao people" ("Historical Records? Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru"), showing his attachment to the folks in his motherland. However, Zhao State failed to re-activate him after all, which caused this famous general who had made great contributions to Zhao State to become depressed and eventually died in Shouchun of Chu State (today's Shouxian County, Anhui Province). More than ten years later, the State of Zhao was destroyed by the State of Qin (see the battle between Qin and Zhao).
Lian Po’s mausoleum is located on the southwest slope of Fangniu Mountain in Bagong Mountain, 7 kilometers north of Shouxian County, Anhui Province today. The tomb faces the west, has a circumference of 300 meters, faces the Huaihe River in the west, and is surrounded by mountains on three sides in the north, south and east. The heroic spirit of a generation leads the mountains and rivers to victory, and the heroic demeanor stirs up the ages.
Comment: Lian Po was an outstanding military general during the Warring States Period. He fought for decades and attacked countless cities without ever losing. He is also open-minded and has the courage to correct his mistakes when he realizes they are wrong. His life, as Sima Guang said: "The use or disuse of Lian Po's body is actually related to the survival of the Zhao State. This can really serve as a lesson for future generations to employ people." This conclusion not only summarizes the historical facts of Lian Po's life experience of honor and disgrace. , and also reveals the important relationship between talents and the rise and fall of the country, which is indeed worth pondering by future generations.
Lin Xiangru
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Lin Xiangru, a minister of the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period, is said to have been a native of Beibaofeng Village, Anze County, Shanxi Province. His tomb is in the village. nearby.
Times make heroes. In the tumultuous and ever-changing Warring States Period, a large number of civil servants and military generals emerged. Each of them displayed their talents and occupied a prominent position in the rich and colorful Heroes Gallery, reflecting the light of the ages.
Lin Xiangru was originally a minister in the family of Miao Xian, the eunuch leader of Zhao State. According to normal promotion, it would be difficult for him to reach the position of prime minister. However, the sharp struggle between Qin and Zhao provided him with the opportunity to stand out. Chance.
In the late Warring States period, Qiang Qin stepped up his offensive to move eastward and annex the six kingdoms, and the three Jin Dynasties were at the forefront. After several major battles, the national power of South Korea and Wei Dynasty declined sharply. They were frightened by the power of Qin and gradually did not dare to engage in direct confrontation. Since King Wu Ling (325 BC - 229 BC), the State of Zhao made great efforts to become stronger than other Central Plains countries, becoming a powerful enemy of Qin Xiangdong's development. In the later period of King Zhao Huiwen (307 BC-251 BC), Qin's offensive intensified, and the diplomatic and military struggles between Qin and Zhao became increasingly complicated.
In the 16th year of King Zhao Huiwen (283 BC), King Zhao of Qin (307 BC - 251 BC) proposed to Zhao that 15 cities should be exchanged for Zhao's "He's Wall". This is a political blackmail carried out by a powerful country against a weak country. A piece of wall jade, no matter how precious, cannot be compared with 15 cities. Strengthening Qin is just taking the opportunity to test Zhao's reality. When the news came, Zhao Junchen knew it was blackmail, but did nothing about it. If you agree, it is obvious that "the city of Qin may not be available." If you hand over the jade to Qin, Zhao will be fooled, and Qin will be more demanding. If not, Qin will easily get an excuse to send troops to Zhao, and Zhao will Facing the threat of war. This passive situation is exactly the inevitable situation where the diplomacy of a weak country is difficult to deal with.
At this critical moment, Lin Xiangru came forward to break the deadlock. He compared the strength of Qin and Zhao, explaining that although Zhao could not resist with force, he could adopt the strategy of "rather promising to lose Qin Qu" from the perspective of morality to expose Qin's deception and prevent Qin from having an excuse to send troops. And Zhao took the moral initiative.
The strategy was approved, and Lin Xiangru reported that he was "willing to serve as an envoy" and promised that "the city will enter Zhao and the wall will stay with Qin. If the city is not entered, I will return to Zhao after completing the wall."
Qin Su is known as the "Land of Tigers and Wolves", so one can imagine the difficulty of this mission. However, Lin Xiangru had carefully considered and fully prepared beforehand, so he responded to the situation and took the initiative in everything. The King of Qin went to the palace to receive him, but he treated Zhao's envoy lightly, and after receiving the jade, he had no intention of repaying the city. Lin Xiangru sought the national treasure, exposed the scam with stern words, and gained the upper hand in momentum. The Qin people wanted to take back the wall jade by force, but Lin Xiangru was "furious" and "raised the wall to stare at the pillar", expressing his determination to live and die with the national treasure. He safeguarded the dignity of the State of Zhao with his life and won the title of "returning the wall to Zhao". victory.
The Qin-Zhao "Mianchi Meeting" in the 20th year of King Zhao Huiwen (279 BC) was another political coercion by Qin against Zhao. At that time, Qin had already defeated Zhao in a row, so King Zhao was afraid of Qin. When Qin asked King Zhao to attend a meeting, King Zhao "wanted to do it". Lin Xiangru thought: "The king can't do it, which shows that Zhao is weak and timid. "So he reported that he was accompanying King Zhao to the meeting. During the meeting, with his tact and eloquence, he stopped Qin's bullying, defeated Qin's coercion, and once again won the diplomatic struggle.
Lian Po served Zhao He was a good general who had repeatedly made military exploits and impressed the princes. He was worshiped as the Supreme Minister. The victory of Lin Xiangru's two diplomatic battles was inseparable from Lian Po's unified army. Qin only used diplomatic activities to test the truth and was frightened by Lian Po. Lin Xiangru had a clear understanding of this, but Lian Po, who was proud of his merits, did not understand the general situation. When Xiangru paid homage to him and was placed above him, he was extremely angry and openly declared: "I see If they are alike, they will be humiliated. " started a contest.
In response to Lian Po's challenge, Lin Xiangru's countermeasures were: whenever he met Lian Po, he often claimed that he was ill and would not compete with Lian Po for position; when Dao met Lian Po, he would He took more vehicles to avoid conflicts. When the disciples thought they were insulted and asked to leave, Lin Xiangru expressed his feelings to them: "The reason why Qin Dynasty dare not send troops to Zhao is because we are here." Today, two tigers are fighting each other, and their forces are not mutually exclusive. The reason why I do this is to put national urgency first and then personal hatred. ”
This touching confession, which took the overall situation into consideration, not only made the diners suddenly realize and deeply moved, but even Lian Po, who had been humiliating Xiangru, felt ashamed after hearing this. He was filled with regrets and immediately stood on a bush to plead guilty. As a result, the two became close friends and the generals and ministers ensured that the Zhao State would unite and fight against the Qin Dynasty in the next 15 years.
After the death of King Zhao Huiwen, King Zhao Xiaocheng succeeded him. In the fourth year of King Zhao Xiaocheng's reign (262 BC), the Qin State launched a large army to attack Zhao State's Changping (now northwest of Gaoping County, Shanxi Province). , in order to avoid the powerful offensive of the Qin army, Lian Po stationed his troops in the wall and refused to fight.
After the two sides had been in a stalemate for three years, Qin sent people to drive a wedge between King Zhao and prompted King Zhao to replace the prudent and steady Lian Po with Zhao Kuo, who had no combat experience. This conspiracy could not escape Lin Xiangru's discerning eyes. He persuaded King Zhao despite his illness: "The king used his name to envoy Kuo, and he was like a glue pillar with drums and ears. Kuo's disciples can read his father's biography, but they don't know how to merge." But King Zhao didn't listen, which finally led to the tragic defeat of Changping, with the loss of 450,000 soldiers, and the vitality was great. From then on, the state of Zhao went from bad to worse and was destroyed by the state of Qin in the sixth year of Wang Jia's reign (222 BC).
Lin Xianjia’s life was spent in the struggle to safeguard the dignity of the motherland and defend the Zhao regime. Judging from his actions, it is obvious that he is a politician with profound political literacy and excellent insight, and the story of his "reconciliation" with Lian Po has written a hymn of public loyalty and patriotism. This song has been passed down from generation to generation, inspiring strong patriotic emotions and playing an important educational role in purifying people's spiritual world. It has become the most precious spiritual wealth in our country's traditional culture.