Teaching purposes
1. Perceive the poetic beauty, musical beauty, architectural beauty and painting beauty of "Farewell Cambridge".
2. Learn to appreciate poetry from aspects such as its imagery and form, and thus fall in love with poetry.
Teaching Focus
1. Cultivate the perspective of writing poetry on the basis of appreciating poetry.
2. The beauty of music, architecture and painting in "Farewell Cambridge".
Teaching methods
Reading and chanting methods, appreciation methods.
Class schedule
1 class period.
Teaching process
1. Introduction
"Farewell to Cambridge" is a popular new poem by Xu Zhimo. The author integrates the scenery and nostalgia of Cambridge into the poem , vividly showing the slight sadness of saying goodbye to Cambridge.
2. Xu Zhimo’s person and writing background
Xu Zhimo (1896～1931) was from Haining, Zhejiang, and came from a wealthy businessman family. The pen names are Yunzhonghe, Nanhu and Shizhe. I was in the same class with Yu Dafu in middle school. In 1916, he was admitted to Peking University, and in the same year he married 16-year-old Zhang Youyi at the behest of his father. In 1918, he went to the United States to study, and in 1920, he went to the United Kingdom to study at Cambridge University, where he studied for a doctorate. During this period, Xu Zhimo fell in love with Lin outside marriage. Huiyin, and divorced his first wife, Zhang Youyi, in March 1922. In August of the same year, he bid farewell to Cambridge and returned to China. He successively served as a professor at Peking University and Tsinghua University, and often published poems. In 1923, he established the Crescent Society with Hu Shi and others as a main member. In 1924, the great Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore visited China, and Xu Zhimo served as a translator. He later traveled to Europe with Thailand.
In the same year, he met and fell in love with married woman Lu Xiaoman. In October 1926, he married Lu Xiaoman. In 1927, he became a professor at Shanghai Guanghua University. In 1929, he also served as editor of Zhonghua Book Company. In the autumn of 1930, at the invitation of Hu Shi, he became a professor at Peking University. During this period, Xu Zhimo was busy traveling back and forth between Peking and Shanghai in order to make a living. However, he was still unable to satisfy Lu Xiaoman, who had long since moved on. However, due to old feelings and face, he could not divorce again. He was in deep pain. On November 19, 1931, he was flying from Nanjing to Peiping. The plane crashed on the way and he died at the foot of Mount Tai. He was 35 years old.
This poem was written by Xu Zhimo on his way back from his third trip to Europe. The time was November 6, 1928, and the location was the China Sea. But the time he revisited Cambridge this time was in the summer at the end of July. After he stayed one night at the home of the British philosopher Bertrand Russell, without informing anyone in advance, he quietly came to Cambridge to find him on a sunny afternoon with a pounding heart. From British friends. The so-called "Cambridge" is now "Cambridge" in Tongze, which is the seat of the famous Cambridge University. It is a place with beautiful scenery.
Because Xu Zhimo studied and lived here when he was young, and met many British people. Unfortunately, because he had not contacted him well in advance, none of his familiar British friends were there. Only Cambridge, which he was familiar with, was waiting for him there quietly. He walked around quietly in every place and corner where he had lived seven or eight years ago, and the scenes of his past life unfolded before his eyes again... because he was quite busy at the time. , and rushed to Tinton Village to meet another British friend, so he did not record this emotional event until he left Marseille by boat on his way back home, facing the turbulent sea and the vast sky. Writing on paper, he wrote down his personal feelings about the heavy transportation of the Kangqiao sedan.
The poem records the poet's emotional experience of returning to England in the autumn of 1928 and saying goodbye to Cambridge again, expressing a kind of sadness. Feelings of farewell. Cambridge, the seat of the famous Cambridge University in England. Everything about Cambridge has long left a good impression on him. Now that he has to say goodbye to it, thousands of tender feelings and emotions flood into his heart. The water opened up the poet's spirit and awakened the passion that had been stinging in his heart for a long time, so he composed this poem that has been handed down from generation to generation.
3. Play "Farewell to Cambridge" read by Huang Lei
p>The teacher guides the reading. Pay attention to the rhythm and affection of the poem.
4. Appreciate "Farewell Cambridge" as a whole
5. Appreciate the poem from the perspective of its imagery.
1. This article is unique in the choice of images. Please find out what the images are in this article.
Clearly: clouds, golden willows, soft waves, and green grass. , green grass, stars and other natural scenery.
2. What is the function of the choice of these images?
(Talk about the poems)
⑴ The whole poem ends with farewell. The emotional ups and downs in Cambridge are used as clues to express the deep feelings of farewell to Cambridge:
In the first stanza, three "gently" are used in succession to describe the scene of quietly coming and leaving Cambridge alone, and at the same time It reveals the inseparable feelings of separation, and uses a slightly jumping rhythm to set off the image of slowly drifting away, setting a lyrical tone for the whole poem.
In the second section, the scene of the willow trees on the bank reflected in the Cam River is immersed in the poet's infinite joy and nostalgia.
Section 3, describing the water plants in the Cam River, expresses the poet’s eternal love for Cam Bridge.
Section 4 describes the green pool under the elm trees. The poet blends the human scene and all his nostalgia into the scenery of Cambridge.
In verse 5, the poet’s emotions reach a climax. He imagined holding a long pole, rafting to where the grass was greener to find his "rainbow-like dream", and singing loudly "towards the colorful stars".
In Section 6, the poet returns from fantasy to reality. Quietly play the sign of farewell, and experience the melancholy of farewell in silence. The poetic realm still returns and is immersed in silence.
Verse 7 echoes the beginning. "Clouds" cannot be taken away, but the poet said "don't take away a single cloud". This exaggeration shows the poet's unwillingness to disturb his beloved Cambridge. Here, the rhythm is the same, but the change of words and phrases incorporates more sadness of having to leave. At this point, the poet has expressed his "unbreakable" feelings for Cambridge in "silence", "gently" and "quietly".
⑵ The whole poem uses a variety of rhetorical techniques:
The first stanza: metonymy;
The second stanza: metaphor;
Section 3: Personification;
Section 4: Transposition, exaggeration;
Section 5: Analogy to the beginning;
Section 6: Metaphor, personification , Empathy;
Section 8: Overlapping chorus.
⑶ Poems that rely on emotions to seek relief have unique lyrical characteristics. Their lyrical structure is generally expressed as: "things and I are relative" → "things and I are in harmony" → "things and I are relative". Readers can often see a clear lyrical subject at the beginning of a poem, facing an object or situation due to some realistic reason. Then, because of being immersed in these objects or situations, the lyrical subject merges into the object, or the spirit wanders with the objects, or everything is forgotten. When the fugue or selflessness reaches its extreme, and the harmony between things and self can no longer be maintained, the lyrical subject will suddenly return to the opposition to the object. This lyrical structure is often used by poets to express the illusory sustenance after frustration and the short-term relief from depression.
⑷ When the poet bid farewell to Cambridge, he avoided the people seeing him off, the surrounding high-rise buildings, busy traffic and other ordinary objects, and chose natural scenery such as clouds. This avoided the human fireworks and created a sense of freshness. .
For example, the golden willows by the river are compared to the bride in the sunset, which turns the inanimate scenery into a living activity, which is gentle and pleasant. The scene of the willow trees reflected in the Cam River is saturated with the poet's infinite joy and nostalgia. The willow branches illuminated by the setting sun take on a charming golden color. The golden branches swayed gently in the wind, and their shadows were reflected in the water, like a beautiful bride. The beautiful shadows in this wave of light ripple in the water, and also ripple in the poet's heart. Love is seen in the scenery, scenery is in the love, and the scenes blend together. The same goes for other choices of imagery. The green water plants swayed in the soft waves, as if waving to the poet. When returning from boating at night, the water waves and starlight complement each other, so the poet can't help but "sing songs in the colorful starlight". The poet's happiness reaches its climax through the appropriate choice of imagery. This is the uniqueness of the choice of imagery in this poem.
6. Appreciate poetry from the form of poetry
"Farewell Cambridge" has three beauties in form: the beauty of painting, the beauty of music, and the beauty of architecture.
1. Form: four lines and one section, staggered arrangement, similar number of words, looping and echoing - architectural beauty.
Clear: The first sentence uses three "gently" in succession, which makes us feel as if the poet is standing on tiptoe, coming like a breeze and then blowing away quietly; and that The deepest love actually turned into "the clouds in the western sky" at the moment of waving. The last stanza uses three "quietly" to correspond to the loop of the first palace. Come in style and leave in style. Wave your sleeves, what is shaking off? No need to say more. Since you have achieved nirvana once in Cambridge, why take away a cloud? ──The loops at the beginning and end echo each other, and the structure is rigorous, giving people an overall beauty.
2. Language: Rhythm, melody, bounce-the beauty of music.
Clear: This poem is like a Chopin serenade. There are four lines in one section, and the arrangement of the lines in each stanza is well-proportioned. The number of words in each sentence is basically 6 or 7 (with eight-character sentences in between), and the order is seen in the uneven changes; each stanza rhymes, and the rhyme changes from stanza to stanza. , pursuing the fluctuation of syllables and the sense of melody. In addition, the repeated use of repeated words such as "gently" and "quietly" enhances the light rhythm of the poem. The first melody of the poem has a slight bounce, as if it is the sound of the poet walking on tiptoes; the second stanza of the poem is musically like a joyful tune played by a violin with a full bow; the last stanza of the poem is similar to The sentences in the first stanza are similar and echo each other, giving people a dreamlike feeling.
For example, in the first stanza of the poem, "gently" is used three times. This adjective appears to have a brisk rhythm, a soft melody, and a slight bounce, as if it is the sound of the poet walking on tiptoes. The second stanza of the poem is musically like a joyful tune played by a violin with a full bow; the rhyme scheme strictly adheres to the second and fourth rhymes, with ups and downs, and is catchy.
This beautiful rhythm ripples like ripples. It is not only the sound of devout students pursuing their dreams, but also fits the ebb and flow of the poet's emotions, giving it a unique aesthetic pleasure. The seven stanzas of the poem are arranged in an orderly manner, and the rhythm spreads out slowly, quite like a poet who is "white in robes, skinny on a cold island in the countryside". It can be said that it reflects Xu Zhimo’s poetic beauty.
3. Artistic conception: golden willow, bride, swagger, rainbow-like dream - the beauty of painting.
Clear: There are eight stanzas in the poem, and almost every stanza contains a picture that can be drawn, giving people a visually beautiful enjoyment. One of the expressions of the picture is that the poet used more colorful words to create a series of vivid and vivid artistic conceptions. The golden willows covered with sunset, the green waterbags on the soft mud, and the pools under the shade of the trees - all come into view. The two metaphors are quite cleverly used: the first one boldly imagines the "golden willows by the river" as the "bride in the sunset", turning the inanimate scenery into a living thing, warm and pleasant; The second one is to mistook the clear pool water for a "rainbow in the sky". After being crushed by floating algae, it turned into a "rainbow-like dream". It is in the midst of confusion and infatuation that the poet is like Zhuang Zhou dreaming of a butterfly, forgetting both things and me, and directly feels that "the beautiful shadow in the waves / is rippling in my heart", and is willing to be a swaggering water plant in the soft waves of the Cam River. .
This kind of masterpiece that combines subjectivity and objectivity is both an accidental achievement and the result of repeated efforts; in stanzas 5 and 6, the poet reveals a new artistic conception. Borrowing from "Dream/Looking for Dreams", "A boat full of stars,/Singing in the colorful starlight", "Singing,/But I can't sing", "The summer insects are also silent for me/Silence is Cambridge tonight" four This refrain pushes the whole poem to a climax, just like the water of the Cam River, with twists and turns! However, his frenzied state of falling and singing in the place where the grass is greener and the stars are bright has never come true. The silence and speechlessness at this time is better than so many love words! . The poet seems to be carefully caring for a lover's sleep, fearing that this dream will be damaged in the slightest. The soft sigh-like melody is perfectly unified with the mood of farewell and separation. The second expression of the beauty of the picture is that the poet uses words with strong action characteristics, such as "waving", "rippling", "swaggering", "crushing", "traveling", "waving", etc., to turn each picture into a dynamic one. The picture gives people a three-dimensional sense.