First, different personalities.
Xiang Yu was born in a noble family and was strictly disciplined by his uncle Xiang Liang. But he "can't learn books, but he can't learn swords", which shows that he lacks patience and has a low vision. Xiang Liang taught him: "One book is enough to get a surname, one sword and one enemy, and he lacks knowledge, so he learns from ten thousand enemies, while Xiang Yu" has a little knowledge and refuses to learn ",which shows that he has no perseverance and weak willpower. Although he had received formal military training, he was violent, cruel and unprincipled, ambitious but short-sighted, vain, and lacked magnanimous monarch temperament.
Xiang Yu was resolute and brave on the battlefield and cruel to the enemy. Be gentle and kind to people around you. Treat your lover like a knife, so farewell my concubine is the eternal farewell. However, his feelings are simple and he is easy to be cheated and betrayed. Because he has been disciplined by his uncle, he lacks independence and has no experience in facing a sinister society, which has laid the groundwork for future tragedies. The aristocratic culture cultivated his honesty, integrity and aboveboard qualities. In the face of the same treacherous rogue Liu Bang, there is no way to do anything treacherous, so he is often placed in a passive position. As for the promise of "first breaking the Qin Dynasty and becoming the king of Xianyang", he believes that Liu Bang has always been treacherous and has psychological obstacles that cannot be crossed. So at the hongmen banquet, i was reluctant to let liu bang go. When he arrested Liu Bang's father, he was deceived by Liu Bang's hooliganism and released Liu Bang's family. Xiang Yu was headstrong, blind and arrogant, and did not listen to other people's advice, so he lost very practical advice and valuable talents, so that all the original talents gathered to defect to the enemy.
Liu bang came from humble origins. When he was young, he idled around all day and was very lazy. But I never sell myself short, but I strongly demand to change my position and make great achievements. He consciously restrained his behavior, constantly standardized and restrained his temperament, in order to improve his personal cultivation, and tried to
Change your sloppy and incompetent side. "When Pei Gong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for money, so he loved Maggie. Now that she has entered the customs, she has nothing to take, and the woman is lucky. This is not a small ambition. " Being able to control your desires is a very strong willpower and determination. In addition, he also has extraordinary self-confidence and enterprising spirit. Even though he came from a humble background and his talent was mediocre, he was equally eager to work hard. He also has the spirit of an adventurer and dares to use all kinds of talents. Liu bang looks informal and emotional, which is also a manifestation of his scheming. This illusion will make people feel that Liu Bang is frivolous and shallow and easily persuaded. He is open-minded and willing to make suggestions, so he attracts many talents to make suggestions. His scheming performance is that when Xiang Yu wants to cook Liu Bang's father, he roguishly wants a piece of the action, which greatly surprised Xiang Yu. Liu bang's road to struggle is not smooth, and he often encounters difficulties and obstacles. Different from Xiang Yu's tragic heroic view, Liu Bang persevered, made positive progress and bravely challenged difficulties. With the strength of himself and the team behind him, he saved the day again and again. This has to be said to be an optimistic positive force.
There is a classic description in Historical Records, which vividly describes the personality characteristics of two people. When Qin Shihuang went on a trip, both of them saw it with their own eyes. Xiang Yu said that he could take his place. Liu bang said that a gentleman should be like this. Both of them expressed their desire to achieve the great cause of the emperor, but Xiang Yu was generous and unprincipled, showing ambition and domineering, so he bluntly wanted to replace the emperor. Liu Bang, on the other hand, hides his thoughts and expresses his ideals tactfully, so as to hide his strength and wait enviously for the opportunity.
Second, the degree of people's hearts.
The so-called win the hearts of the people will win the world. As a leader, being good at gathering talents and winning people's hearts is the key to success. Talents can make up for the personal defects of leaders and brainstorm. Only by winning the hearts of the people can we gain a broad mass base.
Xiang Yu's marching and fighting are all first-class levels, but he ignores an important factor that determines the outcome, that is, the will of the people must win the support of the broad masses. At the end of Qin Dynasty, the society was chaotic and people's livelihood was depressed. Xiang Yu's struggle against Qin was supported by the people. However, while winning, he was cruel and tyrannical. He burned to death and killed more than 200,000 Qin soldiers everywhere. After entering the customs, he not only killed Zi Ying, but even set fire to Epang Palace. All the places he passed were destroyed and gradually lost his heart. He is headstrong, narrow-minded, unable to treat talents sincerely, listen to other people's opinions and restrain talents. Xiang Yu's straightforward and simple character and simple political innocence gradually emerged in the war. Although we can win a military victory, we can't calm people's hearts and take measures to stabilize them, and we can't gain a mass base. Without the support of ordinary people, no matter how powerful the military force and sharp the army, we can't win.
Born as a commoner, Liu Bang can best understand the desire of ordinary people to live and work in peace and contentment, so he focused on buying people's hearts.
Heart. When Liu Bang entered the customs, he did not disturb the Qin people. He politely refused the comfort of the Qin people and gave Zi Ying more protection. He made a pact with the elders of Qin State, and did not kill innocent people, so he got the support of Qin people. Liu Bang's bold appointment of Han Xin, who was eager for talents and had no doubt about employing people, brought him great benefits. In the period of obscurity, Liu Bang made many fair-weather friends, was good at dealing with people, and had extensive contacts with all walks of life. Pay attention to the use of interpersonal relationships and gain loyal friendship through emotional contact. Liu Bang knows how to treat people, is good at figuring out people's psychology according to the situation, lubricates interpersonal relationships, and can attract others to use for himself. For example, he made an appointment with Xiang Bo and was later protected at the Hongmen banquet. He has a lot of talented people who serve him faithfully and devote their lives. Liu bang once said to the minister, "I am not as good as my ovary, because I am the winner who is thousands of miles away from home." I'm not as good as Xiao He, because I can help the country and the people, and I get paid. Even a million-strong army will be defeated and attacked. I am not as good as Han Xin. All three are excellent. I can use it, so I take the world. Xiang Yu has a Fan Zeng, so he can't use it. That's why he was arrested for me. "Liu Bang was able to establish the Han Dynasty because he appointed Sean, Xiao He and Han Xin. He can modestly affirm their talents, and understand the truth that when people gather firewood, the flames are high, which shows that Liu Bang is an outstanding leader who knows how to use people. Liu Bang knows the Three Realms very well, Zhang Liang has the talent of planning, Xiao He has the talent of management and organization, and Han Xin has the talent of commanding hordes to defeat the enemy. It is precisely because he can understand the characteristics of talents that he can foster strengths and avoid weaknesses and comprehensive strength. Liu Bang is always surrounded by a think tank and a group of followers, which has won him more time and more space for better decision-making and planning.
Third, the strategic differences.
Xiang Yu's military ability is very strong, he is brave and invincible, and he has wiped out countless enemies. Cross the rubicon, cross the rubicon, show his courage. The Battle of Julu created a successful example of attacking the city and destroying Qin in the ancient history of China. "The people who were attacked were defeated. They never lost, so they ruled the world." During the campaign, he gradually developed a dictatorial character and a domineering style of personal heroism. His war exploits are indispensable, but they can't make up for his mistakes in political means. The great anger of Han Guguan is a turning point from prosperity to decline, from great military achievements to incomplete and inferior political achievements. In the political struggle, his performance is very passive. At the famous Hongmen banquet, he showed great kindness to women, let Liu Bang go, lost a great opportunity, and exposed his passive situation. Xiang Yu's failure relied too much on military theory. Although he is a "King Chu, famous as a vassal", he actually pushed himself to the forefront, which invisibly caused the estrangement between him and Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Yu showed his cruelty and destructiveness by wantonly killing and slaughtering the city regardless of people's hearts. Almost nothing was done in propaganda, no preparations were made in discussion, and there was no response to the issue of order and stability that the people were concerned about.
Liu bang is both cunning and cunning. In the early days when his military strength was weak, he kept a low profile and avoided showing sharp edges. He made up the military gap by winning the hearts of the people and gained a solid rear foundation. When the power was a little stronger, he gradually expanded, followed the trend and went straight to the rear. Zhang used to win over Han Xin and sent soldiers to help him. Finally, Xiang Yu was defeated on all sides. He took the lead in the invasion, accepted the suggestions of Fan Kuai and Sean, and "returned the treasure of Qin to the army", which not only won the military victory, but also won the hearts and minds of the people. Liu Bang also made great efforts in promoting Yu Xin. Use Chu Huaiwang to attack Xiang Yu, establish his political image of generosity and love, and win the hearts and minds of the people. Under the powerful and effective propaganda offensive, Liu Bang made a big fuss about the death of Emperor Yidi, which dealt a favorable blow to Xiang Yu. He took the initiative in the propaganda war and made Xiang Yu a target of public criticism. In the process of adopting and utilizing staff resources, he has won many battles and saved the day several times, and has continued to grow and develop, further strengthening his personality quality of making good use of resources and spreading widely.
Xiang Yu is undoubtedly a hero, his military ability is second to none, and he is a heroic general. However, because of his personality defects, he could not support the people and promote politics, so he did not have the talent of an emperor. Liu bang is not aboveboard, but he is good at attacking the heart, making suggestions, being open-minded and tolerant, and has the demeanor and strategy of an emperor.
References:
[1] Yan Qi. Historical records [M] Beijing: Central University for Nationalities Press, 2002.7.
[2] Building a prosperous city. Seeing Xiang Yu's tragedy from the banquet of Hongmen [J]. Journal of Qiandongnan Teachers College for Nationalities, 2004. (5): 33-34
[3] Wang Juan. From "rogue" to "Tian Zi" [J]. Reference of history teaching in middle schools in 2003. ( 1 1).
[4] Yang Ningning. On Xiang Yu's moral dislocation from the perspective of righteousness [J]. Journal of Guangxi University for Nationalities, 20 17, 1.
[5] Wang Liqun. Wang Liqun read Shi Ji Xiang Yu Biography [M]. Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing Group, 20 17.