The lyrics are easy to understand, mostly 7 sentences or 10 sentences. It has a unique board structure and a relatively complete music program, including adagio, water board, Erba board and flying board. Lyrics are usually written in 10 with three, three or four beats, or in 7 words with two, two or three beats. Occasionally use long and short sentences with different words.
The vocal music structure of Henan Opera belongs to plate variation, which has four types: adagio, Baer version, running board and scattered board. Balban got its name because it used to be a piece of music composed of two eight boards, which was used repeatedly. Balban is the most expressive and changeable of the four major boards of Henan Opera.
In addition to Baer's basic board, it can also be divided into slow 28 board, medium 28 board, 28 board, fast 28 board, tight 28 board, tight 28 board and slow singing.
With the continuous enrichment of the performance content, this fixed program has been broken through, and now the two boards combine the singing methods of the two major schools in eastern Henan and western Henan.
It can also change according to the needs of the plot and the emotional changes of the characters, which can not only show bright, lively and happy, but also show anxious, nervous, angry and sad scenes. In addition, Balban can also be derived from snapping mouth, biting dogs, littering, stacking boards, moving benches and so on.
Adagio, including Adagio, Golden Hook, Anti-Golden Hook and Windward Board, is one of the commonly used plates in Henan Opera singing. Its opening prelude has many forms, among which the most commonly used ones are six rings, four rings, four rings and one ring against the wind.
Adagio can be divided into two types: whole board and scattered board. The whole board is called the first sentence cavity, and the scattered board is to sing the first sentence or the big board and enter the adagio from the second sentence. The basic structure of ordinary sentences in Adagio is to divide an aria into two clauses with a small door in the middle. After the whole sentence is sung, there is an eight-ring heel and a sentence ending, which can also be reduced to four rings or completely omitted.
In addition to the above-mentioned basic structural forms, there are many kinds of flower cavities caused by local changes. The first sentence has three cavities, and the next sentence has a single board and a double board.
The closed cavity of the adagio, also called "lock board", is basically the same as the ordinary next sentence except that the speed of closing the cavity is gradually slow, and there is a short door with the end sound of closing the cavity. The speed of adagio is flexible. According to the content and mood, we can use fast, medium and slow three speeds.
Running board is also one of the boards commonly used in Henan opera, which is divided into running board, jogging board, running board and running board. Singing is generally in the form of attracting attention and attracting attention. You can change different speeds as needed.
The melody is free and flexible, the melody is smooth, and the rhythm jumps, which is suitable for both cheerful and lively scenes and depressing sad emotions. It also derived cribbing, two gong drills and so on.
The main feature of the water board is that there are many syncopated rhythms across bars in the melody. Whether it is the ups and downs of singing or the ups and downs of singing melody, most of them appear in the eye position.
The last sentence of the water board is stop at will. In the ordinary sentence structure, with the stop of the last sentence of the aria, there are generally people who follow the cavity. Its opening prelude is basically the same as that of the 28th board, but the head of the spring leaf is different. There are many forms for opening and closing the cavity of the running water tray. The key subsidiary boards of the running board mainly include the running board and two gongs.
Flying board is also called "non-board". It has no board and no eyes, and its rhythm is free. It is a long-term cultivation of singing, belonging to the pine class. In addition, there are white rolling, board planting and challenges. There are also three formats: crying rhyme, line rhyme and unique rhyme.
Cry rhyme expresses grief and sorrow, line rhyme is mostly used for vocalization and narration, and unique rhyme is suitable for expressing decisive and passionate feelings. Generally speaking, the aria of flying board is relatively short, and four, six and eight sentences are transferred to other boards.
The lyrics of the above four genres are generally three-,three-and four-meter crossed sentences, or seven sentences with two, two and three meters. Sometimes some long and short sentences with different words are used. For example, clapping in Balban is based on five sentences, and rolling white in Feiban is a prose sentence with singing and white.
In the past, the accompaniment band of Henan Opera used to say "one drum, two gongs, three plays and eight cymbals". The early Henan Opera also used four big fans and top corners on musical instruments, creating a magnificent and warm atmosphere.
In the early days, the main musical instrument of Henan Opera Band was the big string, namely the octagonal Qin Yue, in which performers played suona, as well as two strings, namely the bamboo or wooden piano barrel with wooden banhu, and a three-string plucked instrument.
After 1930s, the sophomores were gradually abandoned, with tenor Banhu as the main string.
After 1950, erhu, pipa, bamboo flute, sheng, stuffy son, cello, etc. It was gradually added to the general literary field, and some also joined Hu and Guzheng.
There are more than 300 kinds of traditional accompaniment cards in Henan Opera, including suona card 130, flute card-20 and string card 170. Commonly used suona qupai include Chunlai, Dongshan, Xiaohan Dongshan, Dataohong, Xiaotaohong, Damen, Xiaomen, Dafengsongsong, Xiaofengsongsong, Wenwen, Wu, Shuilongyin, Xinshuiling, Zhegui Guizhi, Yanjialing, Shanpo Yang, Suona Pi, and dolls.
Commonly used flutes include Chao Di, Wu Liu Wu, Crying for the Emperor, Xiao Yun Qu, Pomegranate Flower, Flower Qu, Hundred Birds Toward the Phoenix, Chicken Crawl, Small Door Opening, etc. There are small gardens, nine rings, misspelled flowers, little red shoes, bitter music, waves of sand, oil gourd, embarrassment, abacus, marriage and so on.
The main instruments in the martial arts field of Henan Opera Band are Bangu, Tanggu, Gong, Clam, Xiao Gong and Bangzi.
There are three kinds of gongs and drums in the martial arts field of Henan Opera: one is the opening gongs and drums, which are mainly composed of mixed officials, burrs and Bao Lao Cui; The second is to cooperate with the performance movements to set off the gongs and drums of the stage atmosphere. Most of them are the same as Beijing opera, but some of them are called differently. Commonly used are various forms of one gong, two gongs and three gongs, as well as closing the head, four hitting the head, emergency wind, battlefield and so on; The third is the gongs and drums in the aria, and the characteristics of operas are more prominent. More commonly used are windward and turning nails.
There are all kinds of running heads and a drop of oil on the running board. There are all kinds of loose boards, such as no board head, white rolling and so on. 28 bangongs and drums are the most abundant, which are divided into two categories: single drum and double drum. In addition to the string hammers and long gongs that both of them have, single drum sticks are often left inside and left outside, and double drum sticks are commonly used with five nails, bangzi ears, wind stirring snow and so on. Plus all kinds of gongs and drums in other attached vocals, there are always more than 100 kinds of gongs and drums. In addition, Henan Opera also has characteristic musical instruments such as Banhu, Xiaosanxian, Fangsheng and Zimu.
Generally speaking, the roles of Henan Opera are four students, four Dan and four Hua. Among them, the "four students" are old students, the big red face is red life, and the second red face is military life and small life. "Four denier" means big net, that is, blackheads, big painted faces, two painted faces and three painted faces are also clowns.
There are also opinions about the roles of Henan Opera, such as five lives, five Dan and five faces. Actors generally have their own specialties, and some actors are versatile. In addition to their own specialties, they can also perform other professions.
It is said that in the early Henan opera, the outer octagonal opera, that is, the four-born and four-faced opera, played an important role. The line between a big red face and two red faces is clear. The big red face plays Guan Yu, and the two red faces play Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Qiong, Kang Maocai and other roles, mainly martial arts dramas. Xiaoshengchu is generally divided into civil and military, some actors are both civil and military, and martial arts dramas are better.
Danxing was only a minor role in the era when octagonal dominated the country, but with the gradual increase of actresses on the stage, it gained a dominant position in Henan Opera. Dajing won mainly by singing. In addition to performing humor, Sanhua's martial arts drama has many unique skills, such as winding rope, hanging bucket, descending air, exploring the sea, winging and turning over.
Henan Opera is constantly developing and changing, so is the role industry. After the founding of New China, the performing arts of Henan Opera became more mature and the role system was more perfect, from the original three lines of life, Dan and Hualien to the four lines of life, Dan, Hualien and Ugliness.
Life is divided into big red face, two red faces, primary school students, bearded students, martial arts students, old students and baby students. Dandan Noodles is divided into Zheng Dan, Gui Men Dan, Hua Dan, Shuai Dan, Peking Opera Blues, Wu Dan, Lao Dan, Cai Dan and Po Dan. Face painting is divided into black face, white face, big face painting, second face painting and hairy face painting. Ugliness is divided into official ugliness, child ugliness, clown, old ugliness, five ugliness, doll ugliness and so on. Among them, Xiao Sheng also includes official students, fan students, feather students and poor students.
Generally speaking, the art of Henan Opera combines ancient and modern, combines rigidity with softness, is open-minded and generous, and has the beauty of "neutralization", so it sings well.
First of all, the singing of Henan Opera is forceful, magnificent, restrained and passionate, masculine and emotional. Secondly, Henan Opera has full melody, clear articulation, natural colors, flesh and blood, and is good at expressing the inner feelings of characters.
Moreover, Henan Opera has a clear and strong rhythm, sharp contradictions and conflicts, a story that begins and ends, and humorous and cheerful tunes. It is not only suitable for performing relaxed comedies, but also suitable for performing grand scenes of emperors and generals. The western Henan tune is euphemistic and melodious, and its singing is sad, which is very suitable for performing tragedies.
In the key plots of Henan opera, there are generally large-scale vocals, which are smooth, rhythmic and challenging. Generally speaking, they are clear and easy to understand and easily heard by the audience, showing the unique cultural and artistic charm of the Central Plains.