The area of the old city is about 10 square kilometer. The palace was built on a high mound in the center of the city. The southeast and southwest of the Palace are residential areas for aristocratic officials, and the north is Shi Jia District. Residential areas are scattered in the city near the city wall. This urban pattern is completely in line with the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, which is "officials close to the palace, non-officials close to the door, and workers close to the city". The Forbidden City is about 550 meters long from east to west and 500 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of about 270,000 square meters. Surrounded by rammed earth walls, a road in the south of the house leads directly to the east gate of the south of the city, and there is a platform in the south of the door. Palace, gate and altar are connected as the central axis of the old city. There are handicraft workshops 1 1 in the city, 4 for smelting iron, 2 for smelting copper, 2 for making bones and 3 for making ceramics. There is 1 1 residential land near the east, west and north city gates. There are 4 cemeteries in the west of the city, and 37 tombs 137 have been excavated, including 28 tombs 128 in Zhou Dynasty, and a large number of funerary objects have been unearthed. There are still some remains of the ancient city of Zhou Lu on the ground. There are ruins of the city wall, a stage, a promising father platform, a tomb of the Warring States period and a cockfighting platform.
The ruins of the ancient cities of Han and Lu are located in the southwest of the ancient cities of Zhou and Lu, and were built in the Western Han Dynasty. The city is flat and rectangular, with the east wall1.88km, the west wall1.46km, the south wall 2.5km, the north wall 2.56km, the perimeter of the city wall 8.4km, and the area of about 4.2km2. The old walls and gates of the old city of Zhou Lu are still used in the west and south of Seoul. The walls on the east and north sides are newly built, with a width of about10m, and two gates on each side, with a length of about15m and a width of about 7m. The moat is 18 ~ 23m wide and 1.8 ~ 2.7m deep. There are three new main roads in the city, with palace buildings in the northeast. Pottery, jade, stone, bronze, iron and five baht were unearthed.
Former site of Yuan Xian County in Song Dynasty. In the fifth year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (10 12), the imperial edict changed Qufu County to Yuan Xian County, ruled by Shouqiu, and a new county was built next to Shouqiu. The city wall is a "low pass made of earth", which gradually collapsed after being abandoned between Jiajing and Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. According to the remains, the east wall is 609 meters, the west wall is 687 meters, the south wall is 502 meters and the north wall is 53 1 meter. The urban area is about 0.376 square kilometers. There are doors on all sides, paving stones are stored in the east and west gates, and there are some ruins on both sides of the west gate. The north gate was still well preserved until the early 1960s. The north gate was an arched brick portal with a height of 4m, a length of 12.80m and a width of10.60m. The top of the portal was paved with 1 1 logs, which showed the architectural style of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. There are three gatehouses on the city gate, with four beams and eight columns, and single eaves and gray tiles go out of the building. There are two stone tablets embedded inside and outside the city gate, with the words "Wang Yuemen" engraved on the north and "Zhanyi" engraved on the south, and the next paragraph is "the eighth year of Yongzheng". There is a stone cross road leading to the four gates in the city, with the county government in the east and the prison in the north gate west. There are three Yuan Dynasty stone tablets in the office.
Qufu County was located in the southwest corner of the old city of Zhou Lu in Ming Dynasty. It was built to protect the Confucius Temple from the eighth year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (15 13) to the first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1522). The city is about 6 meters high and 3 meters wide. The east wall is1.2km long, the south wall is1.4km long, the west wall is 0.7km long, and the north wall is1.5km long. The urban area is about 1.4 1 km2. The moat is about 3.3 meters wide and deep. There are five gates in the city, all with urns. Confucius Temple and Confucius House are located in the middle of the city, which divides the city into two parts. Most of the streets in the city are T-shaped, with more than 30 street-crossing archways. Government agencies are mostly concentrated in the west, and shops are mostly concentrated in the east. More than 30 noble houses, such as Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Yan Temple, show the features of small towns in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Kong Lin, also known as Zhishenglin, is located at 1.5 km north of Qufu, and is the cemetery of Confucius and his descendants. At the beginning, it was only a small area, and later it expanded from generation to generation, reaching an area of 2 square kilometers. In the 16th year of Lu Aigong (479 BC), Confucius was buried after that, and his descendants were buried in graves for more than 2,400 years. Up to now, there are about 654.38 million graves in the forest. There are many tombstones and tables in front of the tomb, and some also have halls, stone workshops and stone utensils. Kong Lin is a national key cultural relic protection unit.
There are walls around Linzhou, and there are straight squares and two gates in front of the walls. There is a north-south forest road in the gate, which is1266m long and 44m wide. On the west side and south side of the forest road is the tomb area of Confucius. Across our water bridge and square, there is a temple for thinking and appreciation, and then the tomb of Confucius. Kong Li's tomb is in the east, and Kong Ji's tomb is in the south, which forms the trend of "holding children and holding grandchildren". Most of the tombs around the tomb area of Confucius are in the Warring States period, and most of them are in the Han Dynasty in the north. The tomb of the Duke of Feast in Ming Dynasty is located in the northwest of Confucius Temple 1 km. Others are scattered in the forest, interspersed and buried. There are more than 4,000 stone tablets and nearly 6,543,800 trees in the forest, and many stone tools, pottery and other cultural relics from the Neolithic Age and Shang and Zhou Dynasties have been unearthed. Other influential tombs in the forest include the tomb of Kong Biao, the satrap of Han Boling, the tomb of Kong Renren, the tomb of Kong Zongyuan, the duke's feast in the 46th Song Dynasty, and the tomb of Kong Renshang, the author of Peach Blossom Fan in the Qing Dynasty.
Kong Lin architecture. In the third year of Yongshou in the Eastern Han Dynasty (157), when the Confucius Tomb was rebuilt, temples and sheds were built. In the second year of Yuan Zhishun (133 1), the forest wall was built, and in the seventh year of Ming Hongzhi (1494), the temple was built. The wall of Kong Lin Forest is 3.30m high,1.10m thick and 6834m long. It is made of stone-based bricks. There are11temples, halls and workshops built in 6 yuan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Wangu Changchun Square is located in the middle section of Shinto between the north gate of Qucheng and Kong Lin. It was built in the 22nd year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1594) and rebuilt in the 10th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1732). Stone, six columns, five rooms, fifth floor, palace roof. This pillar is square and has edges. The second column is carved with Yunlong, with a drum stone under it and a lion cub squatting on it. In the middle of the square in the Ming Dynasty, the word "Eternal Changchun" is carved, and there are two dragons playing on the pearl beside it, and the phoenix rises in the morning, right in the middle of Yi Long. There is a tablet pavilion in the east and west of the square, which was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. The pavilion is located at the top of the mountain with double eaves and blue tiles. The East Pavilion stands the tombstone of Confucius, the great sage of Dacheng, and the West Pavilion stands the monument of Queli Fulin Temple. The ancient buildings in the forest include Zhisheng Forest Square, Dalinmen, Erlenmen, Zhushui Bridge, Zhushui Bridge Square, Sitang, Xiangdian, Kaiting, Zhuxian Pavilion and Yin Bao De Square in Lu 'an.
Zhi Lin Sheng Square is located at the northern end of Shinto, in front of the Great Gate. There are three carpentry rooms, and on the third floor, there are four blue tile columns with stone drum supports, and the Yunlong flower board is engraved with the words "To the Holy Forest". The workshop was built in the middle of Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. Destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, 1980 rebuilt.
Dalinmen is located at the back of Lin Sheng Square, with splayed walls on both sides. There is a wooden frame with three doors, five purlins and three pillars, blue tiles hanging from the top of the mountain, wooden fences around the abutment, and the bay is the passage for vehicles and people. It was built in the Yuan Shun period and rebuilt from Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty to Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. Confucius Temple is located in the center of Qufu, also known as Zhisheng Temple. After the death of Confucius, his three former residences were used as temples to worship at the age of 18. The Sui Dynasty began to expand, and by the time of the Tang Dynasty, there were more than 30 halls, two temples and other buildings. During the Jubilee of the Northern Song Dynasty, 365 courtyards with three roads and four entrances were built, with 438 halls and corridors +06 rooms, which laid the existing scale of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty. In the eighth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1730), the main hall and gate were rebuilt after the fire, and paintings were made with yellow glazed tiles, golden dragons and seals. Confucius Temple is 637 meters east and 65 1.7 meters west; East-west south 14 1 m, middle 153 m; The area is about 96,000 square meters. There are nine courtyards in total, and the sixth entrance is divided into three roads: left, middle and right. The whole building layout is rigorous, the central axis is symmetrical, and the density is good. There are 466 halls, halls, pavilions, doors and squares 104, with a building area of16000m2. They were built in Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and the Republic of China. There are more than 0/000 stone tablets/kloc-since the Han Dynasty in the temple, which are treasures of history, culture and calligraphy. 196 1 was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
From front to back, the important buildings in the temple are Jinsheng Yuzhen Square, Lingxingmen, Deyi Tiandi, Daoguan Ancient and Modern Square, Shengshimen, Bishui Bridge, Wentongmen, Kuiwenge Pavilion, Jin Dynasty Monument Pavilion, Yuan Dynasty Monument Pavilion, Dachengmen, Xingtan, Dacheng Hall, Dongxi Temple, Sleeping Hall, Shengji Hall, Poetry Hall and Chongwen Hall.
Kuiwen Pavilion is located behind Wentong Gate, and it collects books, calligraphy and paintings presented by emperors in past dynasties. It was built in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, with five-fold eaves, which was changed to three-fold eaves in the Jin Dynasty, expanded to seven-fold and three-fold eaves in Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, and covered with yellow glazed tiles in Guangxu (1908) in the Qing Dynasty. The pavilion is 24.35 meters high, 30. 10 meters wide and 17.62 meters deep, with a yellow glazed tile roof and four-story arches. There are two floors in the museum, with a dark floor between them. The wooden frames are stacked, and the upper column stands in the lower bucket arch. The south floor of the lower floor is a corridor, and the last four floors are pavilions. There are 24 octagonal columns for external use and 22 wooden columns for internal use. The stigma is connected by a forehead Fang, and a five-step bucket arch is applied on it. The bucket arch bears a beam, and the beam is covered with smallpox. The underground building and the upper floor are composed of through columns, the outer gold column reaches the waist-eaves bucket arch, the inner gold column bears the beam, and the lower sub-column stands on the pointed beam, passing through the flat seat and reaching the waist-eaves bucket arch, which is a rare structure in ancient Chinese architecture.
Dacheng Hall is famous for honoring Confucius' achievements in gathering talents. It is the main building of the Confucius Temple, the tallest and largest in the temple, with superior specifications. It was built in the second year of Song Tiannuo (10 18) and is now rebuilt after the fire in the second year of Qing Yongzheng (1724). The temple is 24.80 meters high, 45.69 meters wide and 24.85 meters deep. The temple stands on a 2. 1 m platform, which is connected with the front platform and the back sleeping hall. The temple is nine rooms wide and five rooms deep, with double eaves and yellow tiles resting on the top of the mountain, and golden dragon painted seals. The column frame structure is simple and tidy. There are 28 stone eaves columns on the periphery, which are nearly 6 meters high and bear double eaves, arches and corridors. There are 10 deep relief stone pillars under the front eaves. There are two opposite dragons on each column, fighting for pearls. Clouds are carved around the dragons, and rocks and waves are carved at the bottom of the column, which is a rare stone carving art in China. The remaining 18 pieces are octagonal terrazzo columns, with 9 small dragons carved on each side, 72 pieces for each column, totaling 1296 pieces. The central ring is a 16 wooden gold column, about 15 meters high, which bears the ceiling of the upper eaves bucket arch and the outer trough in the hall. The inner ring is also 16 gold column, about 18 meters high, and the inner groove of the bearing hall is smallpox. In the center of the hall is an eight-liter algae well, and between Fang's forehead and a small amount is a six-liter algae well. The lower eaves outside the temple are seven-level single-upturned heavy-duty bucket arches, and the upper eaves are nine-level single-upturned three-sided bucket arches. The material of the bucket arch exceeds the bucket mouth of the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing by 9 cm. Inside the wooden shrine in the center of the hall is a 3.35-meter-high statue of Confucius. Thirteen arches are stepped on the niche, a lotus column cover is hung in front of the niche, and dragons are carved on the column. There are four shrines in front and six pairs of shrines outside, which are dedicated to four twelve philosophers. The hall is hung with plaques and couplets inscribed by the Qing emperor. Zhougong Temple is located on Gaofu at Qufu East 1 km, with a length of 230m from north to south, a width of 68.20m at the south end and a width of 71.20m at the north end, covering an area of 1.6 million square meters. There are 2l halls, pavilions, doors 13 and 57 buildings, with a construction area of 94 1 m2, all of which are buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are still 35 stone tablets of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in the temple. In the first year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), when the Duke of Zhou was crowned king of literature, the Lutai Temple was rebuilt in its former site. It was rebuilt many times in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, overhauled in the twenty-fifth year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1686), and then rebuilt many times. Two major overhauls were carried out in 1953 and 1978. 1977 was announced as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. The important buildings in the temple include the gate, Jingtianwei and Ritual Square, Kangxi Imperial Monument Pavilion, Yuan Temple and so on.
Located in the central courtyard of the temple, Yuanmingyuan is the main building of the temple. Height 1 1.8l m, five rooms are 23.7m wide and three rooms are12.26m deep. Qingwa rests on the top of the mountain, out of the front porch and under the eaves, with five arches and two flowers. The layout is sparse and the materials are thick. In the center of the hall is the statue of Duke Zhou, and the tablet inscribed by Emperor Gaozong "Ming Deqin" hangs on the woodcarving shrine. In the east, there is a statue of a bird, and in the west, there is a statue of a golden man. Swallow Temple is a temple dedicated to Yan Hui, a disciple of Confucius. It is located in the east of the north gate of Qufu City. It was built near Wuquanzhuang, three kilometers northeast of Qufu City. It moved into the old house of Ugly Lane in the fourth year of Yuanyou (13 17) and was completed in the first year of He Zhi (1328). It was rebuilt many times in the Ming Dynasty, and was completed in the second year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1507), which laid the existing scale. Later, it was repaired many times, 1979 overhaul. The temple is 247.3 meters long from north to south, 104.5 meters long from east to west and 87.5 meters long from north to south, covering an area of about 25,000 square meters. The fifth courtyard, the first courtyard, consists of stone squares and stone pillars. Starting from the third hospital, it is divided into three roads: East, Middle and West. There are 24 buildings in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, with rooms 159. 1977 was announced as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. Important buildings include Loufeng Square, Zhuoguan Xianke Square and Youru Shengqu Square, Fushengmen, Loufeng Jingting, Yubei Pavilion, Laoting, Fu Sheng Temple and Qi Palace.
Fu Temple is the main hall of Yan Temple, located in the third courtyard. There were five double eaves in the Yuan Dynasty, which was expanded to seven when it was rebuilt in the second year of Zheng De in the Ming Dynasty (1507). The temple is17.48m high, 31.22m wide and17.10m deep. Double eaves and blue tiles rest on the top of the mountain, the lower eaves and bucket arches stand for five times, the upper eaves stand for seven times and the upper eaves stand for seven times, the flat body stands for keming room, six times and four times, the lower eaves stand for four times, the upper eaves stand for three times and the two mountains stand for five times. There is a column of pillars in the east-west direction in the temple, with smallpox on the top and dragons painted on it, and algae wells in the Ming Dynasty. There are cloisters in the temple and 26 stone pillars under the eaves. Under the front eaves, the four pillars in the middle are deeply carved with Yi Long, surrounded by clouds and rows of stones. The outer 28 stone pillars are carved with dragons and the outermost 28 with phoenix flowers. These eight pillars are relics of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty.
The Duke Hall of Qi is located at the main entrance of West Road, where Yan Zi's father Yan Lu is worshipped. It was built in the Yuan Dynasty. There are five halls, 8 meters high, 0/5.60 meters wide and 7.33 meters deep. The roof of this one-eaves palace is decorated with gray tiles and green glass. Four-column and five-purlin front and back corridor-style wooden frame with front porch, which has the architectural characteristics of Song and Yuan Dynasties, is the earliest existing building in Yan Temple. Han, Wei and Northern Dynasties Inscriptions. Qufu has 6 stone carvings in the Western Han Dynasty and 0/9 stone carvings in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The number of Han steles ranks first in China. There are also 1 stones in Weibei, and 4 stones in Northern Dynasties. These calligraphy inscriptions are rich and rigorous, and they are the treasures of China's ancient cultural heritage, which is of great value to the study of China's ancient calligraphy art and font evolution. Originally, most of them were stored in Confucius Temple and Confucius Forest. In order to strengthen protection, most of them have been moved to the east of 1978 Confucius Temple. The important cultural relics inscribed on the tablet include the tablet of Yiying, the tablet of Rites, the tablet of Confucius and Zhou, the tablet of Shi Chenbei, the tablet of Confucius and Xian, the tablet of Jia Shijun, and the tablet of Duotong celebrities.
The full name of Yiying Monument is "Hundred Stone Monuments of Confucius Temple", also known as "Hundred Stone Monuments" or "Lv Xiang Confucius Temple Monument". Engraved in the first year of Yongxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (153). Height 198cm, width 9 1.5cm and thickness 22cm. Bundle-shaped patterns are engraved on both sides, with ganoderma lucidum-shaped patterns in the middle. No amount, the inscription is 18 lines, each line is 40 words, which is an official document describing the history of Lv Xiang's request for the death of Baishi and his tribute to Yi Ying. Font belongs to mature Han Li, which is of great value for studying the evolution of Confucius Temple and calligraphy art.
The full name of memorial tablet is "memorial tablet of Confucius Temple built by Lu Yu", also known as "memorial tablet of Confucius Temple in Hanming House". In the second year of Yongshou in the Eastern Han Dynasty (156), the round head was carved, with a height of 170cm, a width of 78.5cm and a thickness of 20cm. The four inscriptions on the tablet are inscribed in official script. Beiyang 16 line, 32 words each, describes the activities of Han Yi in repairing Confucius Temple and making ritual vessels. The other three sides are engraved with the name of the person who set up the monument and the amount of funding. His calligraphy art is regarded as the first masterpiece of Han tablet.
Shi Chenbei. Lu's full name is Confucius Memorial Hall, also known as Lu Monument of Confucius Temple. Inscription 17 lines, 36 words each, was written by Chen Shi in memory of Confucius, and was engraved in Jianning two years in the Eastern Han Dynasty (169). The inscription on the monument is "Historical Afternoon Monument", the full name of which is "Historical Early Morning Confucius Temple Monument". It is also called "Hanlu Sean visits the tomb of Confucius". The inscription is 14 lines with 36 words each, describing the grand occasion of offering sacrifices to Confucius and restoring relics. The two steles in Yangyin are engraved with official script, which are correct, elegant, subtle and natural, and are one of the representative steles in Han Li.
Jia Shijun tablet, also known as Jia Sibo tablet, was carved in the second year of Northern Wei Dynasty (5 19). The square head of the monument has a double dragon relief. 2 15cm high, 84cm wide and 20cm thick. There are 24 lines of 40 words in the inscription "Jia Shizhen Monument in Weiyan Prefecture", which describes Jia Sibo's political achievements during his tenure in Chongzhou. Inscription in regular script, simple and vigorous brushwork, is a famous Wei-style monument. Song and Yuan came back twice and moved from Yanzhou to Confucius Temple in Qufu in 195 1 year.
Inscriptions in Sui and Tang Dynasties. There are Sui stele 1 block and Tang stele 14 block in the Confucius Temple. Later, due to various reasons, there were 1 Sui tablet, 6 Tang tablet, 5 Tang epitaphs and 9 Tang inscriptions, which were originally preserved and newly unearthed since 1957.
Monument to Lu Xian Saint Xu Anni. Carved in 677, Tang Yifeng is 360 cm high, 127 cm wide and 32.5 cm thick. The head title of the semicircle is seal script. The inscription was written in official script. In the ninth year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (626), the descendants of Confucius were awarded letters of praise from the sage. In the first year of Ganfeng (666), the imperial edict was given to Confucius, as well as the memorial and the memorial of Confucius Temple. In the second year of Yu Jinming Chang (1 19 1), the original tortoise shell was broken into two pieces, that is, it was changed to a square seat.
Confucian Confucius Temple Monument. Screenplay by Li Yong, screenplay by Zhang Ting. Engraved in the seventh year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (7 19). It is 402 cm high, 145.5 cm wide and 6 1.2 cm thick. Semi-circular head, seal script title. The text is 19 lines with 60 words each.
Wang Wenxuan Temple Monument. Tang Dali was established in the eighth year (773). Pei Xiaozhi wrote articles, Pei Ping wrote Dan, and sealed the forehead. Height 168cm, width 72cm and thickness 14cm. The head of the tablet is embossed with dragon pattern, and the forehead is printed with seal script. Inscription official script, 20 lines, 35 words each, describes the newly-built gate of Confucius Temple. There are two inscriptions on the tablet: the 15th year of Zhenyuan (799) and the 9th year of Xian Tong (868).
Epitaph of Dugujing. The date and year of Shudan and the carved stone are unknown. The owner of the tomb was buried in the first year of Tang Dazhong (847). The cover is 60.5 cm square, the top is 39 cm square and the cover is 4 cm thick. The official book is engraved with the epitaph of Duke Dugu, the magistrate of Rencheng County in Tang Dynasty. This stone is 60 cm square and 9 cm thick and has been broken into three pieces. Li wrote an article with 19 lines, each with 25 words. Unearthed in Yijia Village during the Republic of China.
Inscriptions in Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. During the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the number of inscriptions in Qufu gradually increased, with poems, inscriptions and inscriptions in Qiao Lin Temple as the majority. There are 9 stone tablets in the Song Dynasty, 1 1, 4 stone tablets depicting Confucius, 5 stone tablets in the Ming Dynasty, and 16 stone tablets in the Song Dynasty. The famous inscriptions include Lv Mengzheng's restoration of Wang Wenxuan Temple in Yanzhou, Mi Fei's "Praise of Zhi Zi, the Master of Several Holes", Xuanshengzan, Du Yan's calligraphy and so on. In addition to tombstones, there are 10 stone carvings and 2 inscriptions in Kong Lin. There is a tablet of "Xian Zan of Wen Wang" written by Song Zhenzong in the Duke of Zhou Temple.
There are few inscriptions in the Jin Dynasty. In the Confucius Temple, the Party inscribed "Rebuilding the Temple Monument of Wenxuan King", inscribed "Xingtan", the inscription of He, and the existing "Monument to the Bell of Dacheng Temple". There is also the inscription 1 1 by Gao Deyi and others.
Yuan Dynasty is the most abundant period of stone inscriptions in temples. There are 6l stone carvings, 42 inscriptions and more than 70 stone tablets. There are inscriptions written by famous calligraphers such as Zhao Mengfu and Yu Ji, and poems written by famous scholars such as Yang Huan and Guo Shoujing. Most of these inscriptions are now found in Confucius temples and forests.
In the second year (1 103), Master Mi planted a monument of praise for Song Chongning. The round head of the monument is148.5cm high, 6cm wide and19cm thick. There are four lines in the text, one is the title and the other is the paragraph. They are all cursive, which fully embodies the characteristics of Mi Fei's calligraphy. It was planted at hand, but later it moved into the courtyard of thirteen pavilions of Confucius Temple.
From the reconstruction of Jin Dynasty to the second year of Wenxuan (1 197), Jin Chengan, the temple monument of Emperor Wenxuan, was carved. It is 360 cm high, 158 cm wide and 5 1.9 cm thick. The decapitated turtle has a forehead. The party writes articles, Dan, Feng Zhuan and Wen Lishu. Located in the third pavilion in the south row of the thirteen tablet pavilions of Confucius Temple. The tablet is engraved with the inscription of Yuan Haowen's worship of Confucius Temple Forest in the fourth year after Naima Town in Mongolia (1245) and the poem of Yang Huan's worship of Confucius Temple in the second year of Emperor Xianzong of Mongolia (1252), both of which are running scripts.
There are more than 4,000 inscriptions in Qufu in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there are more than 3,000 in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The content of inscriptions is also very rich, including the records of repairing temples and offering sacrifices to Confucius, as well as the inscriptions of emperors, generals and literati on temples. The most distinctive feature is the burning of poems in the temple. In some temple inscriptions, there are also historical facts about Liu Liu, Liu Qi's peasant uprising, Anbaili uprising and the activities of Nian Army in Qufu.
Among the inscriptions in Confucius Temple in the past dynasties, the number of inscriptions in Ming and Qing Dynasties is the largest, but the overall level of calligraphy is not too high. Dong Qichang's inscriptions, Li Dongyang's poems and Fu, Zhou's temple worship poems and inscriptions are well known. There are tombstones inscribed by Li Dongyang, Yan Song, Weng Fanggang, He, Ruan Yuan, Kong and Kang Youwei, and poems inscribed by stones. In addition, Liu Cun has a tombstone inscribed by Liang.
Cixi gave Kong Lingyi a "longevity" tablet, which was engraved in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894). 2 13cm high, 92cm wide and 24cm thick. The official book in the previous paragraph is "Imperial Writing of Empress Dowager Cixi on October 15th, 20th year of Guangxu", and the official book in the next paragraph is "Wearing a pair of eyes to seal the award of Kong Lingyi, the duke of feast", which is the word "longevity" in China cursive script. In the second hall of Confucius.
Jade Honglou stone carving calligraphy. Yuhonglou is the name of Kong's study and the twelfth mansion of the Kong family. He studied calligraphy intensively here, collected the works of calligraphers of past dynasties, sorted out or copied, carved 584 stones, and bound them into 1Ol volumes with rubbings. The stone carving is called "Jade Rainbow Tower Carving Stone". It can be divided into four categories, namely Yuhong Jian Zhen, Yuhong Loutie, Yinghai Xianban and Guyuan Antique, and fourteen subcategories. It has preserved the ink of various calligraphy styles and schools since the Jin and Tang Dynasties. It is a precious calligraphy collection and a precious material for studying the history and art of Chinese calligraphy. Portrait stone carving. There are more than 0/00 stone carvings of Han Dynasty portraits in Qufu, most of which were unearthed and collected after the founding of the People's Republic of China. 1978, there were more than 60 pieces embedded in the west wall of Dacheng Hall of Confucius Temple. These stone reliefs are rich in content, including myths and legends, horse and chariot tours, acrobatic dances, net hunting, pavilions and waterside pavilions, birds and animals, etc. There are various carving methods, such as shallow carving, shallow carving, relief, etc., and their styles are ever-changing, or meticulous and exquisite, or rough and unrestrained. They are treasures of ancient art in China, and precious materials for studying social life, folk customs and cultural and artistic activities in the Han Dynasty. Since the Song Dynasty, the stone carvings of Confucius' portraits have been imitated by predecessors' portraits, and now they are mostly preserved in the Memorial Hall.
Anhanli stone relief is a stone relief from the tomb of Shiguo in Xin Mang to the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The sarcophagus is 28 1 cm long and 252 cm wide. There is a partition in the middle, which is divided into two rooms for husband and wife to be buried together. There are portraits on all four walls, on both sides of the partition, on the cover and on both walls. On both sides of the partition, music charts are carved. Some of the characters preach sheng, some sing and dance lightly, and some meditate and play chess. The roof of the room is made of two stones, engraved with serial jade and dragon patterns. Carve dragons in the east, white tigers in the west, suzaku in the south and Xuanwu in the north, and carve fire fighting maps and dialogue maps on both sides and outside respectively. The portrait is carved in light tones, decorated with chiseled pits or scales, and the edge is inlaid with heavy diamonds. On the partition wall, there is a line of official script inscription "Shi Yuye is in Lushan Dong 'an". Shi Guoyu was unearthed in Hanjiabao Village in the east of Qufu City on 1937. The existing Dacheng Hall of Confucius Temple is located in the west. The game stone relief is 0.42m high and 1. 14m wide. Carve three groups of characters: two people on the left are in charge of blowing sheng and one is dancing; Two people beat drums; The second from the right knelt down to play the game. One was proud of getting out of the wonderful game, while the other watched the game carefully. The stone is decorated with diamond patterns, which is the most wonderful piece of all stones.
Stone carvings were carved on sacred maps and in the Ming Dynasty. Painter Yang Weiyang painted, carved and published stones and embedded them in the walls of Confucius Temple. There are 120 pictures, each of which is about 38 cm wide and 60 cm long. The first stone was engraved with the words "map of the holy land", and later "Confucius" and "Hall of the Holy Land" were published. Among them, there are 109 pictures describing Confucius' life activities and remarks, including "Logging by Song People" and "Harsh with Tyranny", which are comic stone carvings with complete characters' stories. Finally, there are two pictures of Emperor Gaozu and offering sacrifices to Confucius in the Thai prison. The picture has a title and a caption.
Stone pillars and instruments. The Confucius Temple in Jin Dynasty is a "stone carving on the outer column". Influenced by it, Miao Yan and Nishan Confucius Temple were also changed into stone pillars. The existing stone pillars can be divided into three categories: one is the sudden Yunlong with 22 pillars, the Confucius Temple Dacheng Hall 10, the Chongsheng Temple and the Qisheng Temple with 2 pillars each, and the Dachengmen Temple and the Miao Yan Temple with 4 pillars each. Among them, Dachengdian has the largest volume, Dachengmen and Chongshen Temple have the highest carving level, and the production time is earlier than the restoration of Dachengmen and Chongshen Temple. One is 86 pieces of flat forged dragons and phoenixes or flowers, which are used in Dacheng Hall, Bedding Hall, Dachengmen, Qisheng Temple, Chongsheng Temple and Miao Yan Compound Temple, Dacheng Hall of Nishan Confucius Temple and Linxiang Hall of Qisheng King respectively. Among them, the sculpture level of Fu Temple and Chong Temple is higher, and the production time of Dachengmen, Chong Temple and Fu Temple is earlier. One is plain and grain-free, which is used in buildings such as Kuiwen Pavilion, Xingtan Pavilion and Monument Pavilion in Confucius Temple.
Stone utensils were originally decorations in front of the tomb, which began in the Han Dynasty and gradually evolved into a symbol showing the status of the tomb owner before his death. In the Han Dynasty, there were stone beasts and grottoes in Kong Lin, stone men and beasts in front of Zhang Qu's tomb, and stone men in front of Taoluo's tomb. There are stone beasts in front of Chen Boda's tomb in the Northern Qi Dynasty and Weng Zhong in front of Yan Wenduo's tomb in the Five Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, a complete set of stone tools was carved in front of Confucius' tomb, in the Yuan Dynasty, in front of Shu's tomb. Etiquette in the Ming and Qing Dynasties stipulated that a pair of stone men, Shi Hu, Shiyang, Shima and Wang Zhu, could be erected in front of the graves of first-and second-class officials. Since the 59th Duke of Feast, stone utensils have been carved in front of the tomb, including 8 groups in Ming Dynasty and 10 group in Qing Dynasty. There are Han Taoluo Stone Man, Zhang Qushi Man, Kong Lin Stone Beast and Stone Que, as well as stone utensils made in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Cliff statue is located on the cliff at the southern foot of Jiulong Mountain, which is about 0/0 km south of Qufu, and there are six stone Bugeda caves. There are square holes in the upper part of the niche, and four niches have inscriptions, but most of them are unrecognizable. After identification, the last five niches were carved in the Tang Dynasty. It is a key cultural relics protection unit in Jining City.
There are many kinds of cultural relics in Qufu, including jade, bronze, pottery, calligraphy and painting, books, sculptures, clothes, furniture, inkstone seals and so on. , and more than 9000 volumes of Confucius archives. Most of these cultural relics were collected by the government of the former Duke of Feast, and some of them were collected or unearthed after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC). Among these 654.38 million cultural relics, there are more than 300 first-class cultural relics, more than 600 second-class cultural relics and 3000 third-class cultural relics. A large number of cultural relics, such as portraits of Confucius, clothes of the Ming Dynasty and jade articles of Lucheng, are rare treasures.