History of Senior High School: What were the three difficulties in China's economic construction in the 1940s and early 1960s? * * * Even take measures to embody rights?

The first difficulty: there are serious difficulties in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines led by Zhong. The countermeasures are as follows: the policy of "developing economy and ensuring supply" was put forward, and the anti-Japanese democratic government in the liberated areas opened up many self-sufficient industries; The army has developed a self-sufficient economy; Farmers organized extensively to develop agricultural production, overcame serious material difficulties, improved the life of the military and civilians, accumulated experience in economic construction, and laid a material foundation for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory. The second difficulty: the economic difficulties in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. The people's government is facing the mess left by the Kuomintang government, and we are also facing the imperialist economic blockade.

Coping methods: steadily carry out systematic socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce. Develop some collectively owned agricultural production cooperatives and handicraft production cooperatives to lay a preliminary foundation for the socialist transformation of agriculture and handicrafts; Basically, capitalist industry and commerce will be brought into the orbit of various forms of state capitalism, laying the foundation for the socialist transformation of private industry and commerce. The third difficulty: during the three-year natural disaster period, coupled with the treachery of the Soviet government in tearing up contracts and withdrawing experts, China's major design projects and scientific research projects were forced to give up halfway, which destroyed the original plan of China's national economy and aggravated China's economic difficulties.

Countermeasures: The Ninth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee formally decided to implement the eight-character policy of "adjusting, consolidating, enriching and improving" the national economy. Adjusting the changed relationship between various departments of the country, industrial enterprises began to reorganize according to the principle of special car cooperation, and at the same time improved management and economic benefits. By 1965, the original adjustment task was successfully completed, all economic departments developed in a relatively coordinated manner on a new basis, and the national economy took on a new look.