Hong Guang's succession was the result of temporary compromise among the factions in the Southern Ming Dynasty, and his position was unstable. This instability soon led to the internal party struggle and division in Nanming, so that Zuo Liangyu stationed in Wuchang actually competed for the Nanming regime in the name of "Jun Qing side". Ma Shiying was forced to dispatch four towns in the north of the Yangtze River to meet the Zuo Liangyu army, which led to the emptiness of the Jianghuai defense line facing the Qing army and eventually led to the rapid collapse of the Hong Guang regime. After that, the legal system of Emperor Nanming was not even as good as that of Emperor Hong Guang (that is, the blood relationship was more distant and lacked appeal), so that several small courts in Nanming attacked each other for orthodox status and were finally defeated by the Qing Dynasty. Second, compared with the Manchu regime, the strength of the Jin State is far from enough, mainly in the degree of sinicization of the two. After decades of confrontation between Manchu and Ming dynasties, it was realized (in Huang Taiji) that the establishment of the Central Plains by Manchu regime needed the cooperation of Han literati and absorbed the advanced culture and system of the Central Plains. Therefore, after the Manchu regime entered the customs, it was able to quickly establish cooperation with northern bureaucrats and Han landlords, and it was able to quickly go south to deal with Nanming. On the other hand, the state of Jin did not. Jurchen rose very fast. In an instant, Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty were destroyed. These are all due to strong military strength. This short-lived internal military success made jurchen simply unaware of the necessity of sinicization. After seizing the Central Plains, she still followed the backward political system and culture of Jurchen, which caused strong resistance from the Han people in the north. Jurchen had no choice but to support a puppet regime of Han people, unlike Liao. In other words, the fierce resistance of the Han people in the north (such as the eight-character army led by Wang Yan) made Nuzhen need time and energy to gradually consolidate her rule in the northern region and could not go south to deal with the Southern Song Dynasty. After1/kloc-0 moved its capital to Zhongdu (now Beijing) in 1953, Jurchen began to be sinicized on a large scale, similar to Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty who moved his capital to Luoyang and carried out sinicization reform. Some people may say, didn't Jurchen complete the sinicization later? Why can't you always handle the Southern Song Dynasty? Yes, Nuzhen gradually realized the sinicization, but there was a time lag of 30 to 40 years from the extinction of Nuzhen in the Northern Song Dynasty to the completion of sinicization, which gave the Southern Song regime a chance to breathe. After the consolidation of the Southern Song regime, even if Jurchen could go all out to the south, it would be difficult to take advantage. This can refer to the past when the Eastern Jin Dynasty won the Feishui War and safeguarded half of the country. After Yongjia's southward crossing, the Eastern Jin regime faced many problems in the early stage, especially the autocratic power and even rebellion of the gentry (such as the Wang Dun Rebellion and Huan Wen's usurpation of power and rebellion) and the armed separatist problem of refugees (such as the Soviet Rebellion). If the northern Hu people go south at this time, the Eastern Jin regime is in danger of being overthrown; However, at this time, the Hu regimes in the north were fighting with each other, such as the struggle between Zhao and Qin. They are self-sufficient and naturally cannot go south to deal with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. By the time Fu Jian gradually unified the north with Wang Meng's help, the Eastern Jin regime had achieved the internal balance of the gentry (that is, the balance of power between the Long Kanghuan family in Jingxiang and the Xie family in Chenjun, and the downstream even coordinated with each other), thus solving the problem of handsome refugees. Third, compared with the Southern Song Dynasty, Nanming had the variable of peasant army. The Northern Song Dynasty regime was wiped out by Jurchen, so the later Southern Song Dynasty regime naturally regarded Jurchen as its mortal enemy and fought against Jurchen with all its strength. The Ming Dynasty died of the so-called rogue-Li Zicheng peasant army, which determined that the Nanming regime was biased towards and cooperated with the Qing Dynasty, fantasizing about ceding part of the land and uniting with the Qing Dynasty to eliminate the rogue in order to avenge your father. Therefore, the Nanming regime and the peasant army confronted each other and even opposed each other, which greatly weakened the anti-Qing forces. (At least in the early days, as for later, when Nan Ming realized the ambition of Manchu conquest of China and gradually joined forces with the peasant army, it was another matter, and it was too late. ) Here are two examples to illustrate.
One is the example of Wu Sangui. Because of Li Zicheng's great failure, Wu Sangui completely broke away from the Dashun Dynasty. In order to fight against Li Zicheng, Wu Sangui decided to borrow soldiers from the Qing Dynasty. Pay attention to this word, it is to borrow soldiers instead of surrendering to the Qing dynasty. Therefore, Wu Sangui asked the Qing Dynasty to send troops for support on the condition of ceding land. Please read the following letter he wrote to Dourgen: I have always admired Wang's prestige. However, according to the meaning of the Spring and Autumn Period, I can't associate with the Qing Dynasty, otherwise I will be accused of adultery with the Qing court. Please forgive me for the friendship between people and ministers. Grace, the receiving country of Sangui, Benjamin was killed and stationed at the border. I want to find fault and comfort people. But I was in JD.COM, and I was short of troops, so I asked for help. It is rare that the king is a hero in the world. Ask my advice and choose the best soldiers from the China Association and the Western Association to enter the customs. I will also lead my army from Shanhaiguan, and agree to meet outside the capital to discuss hooliganism. After the job is done, the ground fissures must be handed over, and you dare not break your word. Wu Sangui's attitude can be seen from this letter. As the company commander of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, he proposed to divide the land equally on behalf of the Ming Dynasty in exchange for sending troops to support the Qing Dynasty, rather than surrendering to the Qing Dynasty, so the two sides were equal. As for the Qing Dynasty in Wu Sangui, it was because Li Zicheng was pressing hard, and Dourgen was ambitious, making it clear that only Wu Sangui would send troops to help. Wu Sangui was forced to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. Think about Shi Jingtang's military support from Khitan on the condition of cutting sixteen states of Youyun, and then look at Wu Sangui. I have to say, Sangui is hard luck! (Just kidding) The second example. Coincidentally, the regime of Nanming also wanted to unite with the Manchu Dynasty, on the condition that the land outside Shanhaiguan was ceded, and the peasant army represented by Li Zicheng and Zhang was eliminated. Unfortunately, like Wu Sangui, they underestimated big braid's ambition in the Qing Dynasty. Fourth, in terms of talents, Nanming is far less than the Southern Song Dynasty. First of all, Song Gaozong is not very good, but he is better than Hong Guang. This is more than the last one. Although humiliated and seeking peace, he still knows how to consolidate his political power in order to rule the river. However, after Hong Guang succeeded to the throne, instead of consolidating the unstable regime, he indulged in debauchery, did nothing for courtiers and could not control civil servants or military commanders.
As far as civil servants are concerned, the two are equal. In the Southern Song Dynasty, of course, there were people like Qin Gui, Wang Boyan and Huang Qianshan who misled the country. However, in the autumn of Ming Dynasty, Lindong Party in Nanming did not unite and consolidate its political power in order to restore China. But competing with Ma Shiying and others for "heroes" only damaged the vitality of Nan Ming, just like the mistakes of Qin Gui and others. Finally, let's look at the generals. The Southern Song Dynasty is just the opposite of the Northern Song Dynasty. Although the fame of the Southern Song Dynasty was not obvious, there were many famous soldiers. As far as the early Southern Song Dynasty is concerned, there are, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and Wu. Wait; On the other hand, in Nanming, there are very few generals available. Shi Kefa is brave and commendable, and his integrity is not lost to Wen Tianxiang, but he is not a general. Armed to the teeth, Zuo Liangyu was arrogant and didn't listen to his orders. Instead, he tried to go downstream and seize power. What he did was worse than Wang Dun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Not to mention the rest, the lack of talents of Nanming generals is of course related to the long-term confrontation between Ming and Manchu big braid and the serious brain drain of military personnel. For example, Yuan Chonghuan, Hong Chengchou, Sun Chuanting, Lu Xiangsheng and others are all worthy of use, but they are dead or healthy, and none of them are used by Nan Ming. This is very different from the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zong Ze, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and others appeared, and they were used by the Southern Song Dynasty, eventually making China not all Lu Chen.
Therefore, Nanming can't be the second Southern Song Dynasty, which is the result of various complicated factors at home and abroad.