The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a genre painting in the Northern Song Dynasty. Author Zhang Zeduan, whose proper name is Zhengdao, was born in Dongwu (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). Song Huizong was a court painter. When I was a teenager, I went to the capital city of Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to study. After that, I studied painting, especially painting boats and cars, city bridges and Guo Jing, and became a family of my own. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is his masterpiece, which was once collected by Xuanhe Neifu. Silk book, light color, 24 8 cm in length and 528.7 cm in width, now in the Palace Museum in Beijing. This picture depicts the prosperous scene and natural scenery on the banks of Bianliang and Bianhe River, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming Festival. In the form of a long scroll, the work adopts the composition method of scattered perspective, and brings the complicated scenery into a unified and varied picture. There are more than 5 characters in the painting, with different clothes and different expressions, interspersed with various activities, paying attention to drama, dense composition, rhythm and rhythm changes, and ingenious brushwork.
the whole picture is divided into three paragraphs.
In the first paragraph, the spring scenery in Bianjing countryside:
In the sparse forest mist, there are several huts, grass bridges, running water, old trees and boats. Two porters are driving five donkeys carrying charcoal, and they are coming to the city. A willow forest, the branches of which are just glowing green, makes people feel that although it is chilly in spring, it is already in spring returns. In a sedan chair on the road, a woman sits inside. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willows and flowers, and the heel of the sedan chair follows the riders and bearers, returning from the suburbs of Beijing for a walk to sweep the grave. The description of the environment and characters points out the specific time and customs of the Qingming Festival, which opens the curtain for the whole painting.
In the middle section, the busy Bianhe Wharf:
Bianhe River is the national hub of grain transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is the main commercial traffic road. From the picture, it can be seen that people are densely populated, food ships are gathering, some people are resting in teahouses, some are fortune-telling and some are eating in restaurants. There is also the "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which is a grave-sweeper selling sacrifices. Ships in the river come and go, end to end, or pulled by trackers, or paddled by boatmen. Some are full of goods, going upstream, and some are berthing and unloading nervously. Across the Bianhe River is a large-scale wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful form. Like a flying rainbow, it is named Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatmen are supported by bamboo poles; Hook the bridge with a long pole; Holding the boat with hemp rope; Several people were busy putting down the mast so that the ship could pass. The people in the neighboring ship are also pointing as if they were shouting something loudly. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge for this ship. The people on the bridge are also sweating for the nervous scene of crossing the boat. This is the well-known Hongqiao Wharf, which is full of traffic and bustling, and it is truly a meeting point of land and water transportation.
In the latter part, the busy urban streets:
Centered on the tall towers, there are many houses on both sides, including tea houses, wine shops, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. There are specialized businesses in the shops, such as silks and satins, jewelry and spices, incense and paper horses, etc. In addition, there are medical clinics, cart repairs, fortune-telling visits, shaving and plastic surgery, and everything is available in all walks of life. Large shops are also tied with "colorful buildings and happy doors" at the door, hanging banners to attract business, and pedestrians in the market are jostling with each other, and there are businessmen doing business and people watching street scenes. There are walking monks with baskets on their backs, tourists from other places asking for directions, street children who have heard of books, children of wealthy people who binge drink in restaurants, disabled elderly people begging on the edge of the city, men, women and children, scholars, peasants, workers and businessmen, and so on. Means of transportation: sedan chairs, camels, ox-drawn carriages, rickshaws, flat cars, flat cars, all kinds of things. It is vividly displayed in front of people's eyes.
In the five-meter-long picture scroll, * * * painted more than 55 figures of various colors, including 5 or 6 cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, more than 2 vehicles and bridges, and more than 2 large and small ships. Houses, bridges, towers, etc. also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of architecture in the Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan is a realistic genre painting depicting a corner of Bianjing City in the Northern Song Dynasty, which has high historical value and artistic level.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, an immortal masterpiece drawn by Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, is priceless in the history of Chinese painting. It is a long scroll genre painting created by realistic means, which vividly reproduces the prosperity of Bianjing Chengping period in the Northern Song Dynasty through a detailed description of the market life. The first collector of this painting was Song Huizong, who wrote the words "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in thin gold. This masterpiece, which is well-known at all times and at home and abroad, has been enjoyed by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 8 years after it came out, and it is the goal of the later emperors and dignitaries. It has gone from place to place, and suffered many disasters after several wars ... The book "Dust Ends —— Documentary of the Suffering of China's Precious Cultural Relics" (Shandong Pictorial Publishing House) describes the experience of "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival". The following is an excerpt from the book.
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