Hongkou District, one of the central jurisdictions of Shanghai, also has the same curse of "low sense of existence" as Changning, so that it is also on the Huangpu River, just across the river from the center of Shanghai: "Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai Bund". Even if it has a proud body of 320 meters and stands out from the crowd on the north bank of Pujiang, it is difficult to change its position as a passerby in the hearts of tourists.
If you pull a person out of the Bund, nine times out of ten, you don't know the name of the building, let alone the land where it is located called Hongkou District.
Once out of the Bund and across the Waibaidu Bridge, we arrived at the border of Hongkou District.
Then the question is, why is the sense of existence in Hongkou and Changning so low? In addition to the Shanghai sub-centers planned at the end of last century: Xujiahui (Xuhui), Jing 'an Temple (Jing 'an), Zhenru (Putuo) and Wujiaochang (Yangpu), the merged Zhabei, Heather and Luwan are not included in the statistics, and now there are only two well-known propaganda points in Hongkou and Changning.
There is also a situation that many people may encounter, that is, Hongkou and Changning Hongqiao both have the word "rainbow", which often confuses the two districts.
Just listening to these two place names with the word "rainbow" can give full play to your imagination. Hongqiao must have originated from an arch bridge bent like a rainbow. So where does Hongkou's "rainbow" refer to?
Ask the local old people to know that the rainbow in Hongkou turned out to be a flood.
I remember I said in episode 202 that the Qiujiang River in Shanghai gradually disappeared after flood control and diverted south to become Wusong River. The disappearance of such a big river will definitely leave many traces.
Between these two rivers, countless small rivers in the north-south direction were formed, which were called "Shahong" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are many rivers such as "Shahong", "Chuanhong" and "Beishahong" in the west of Haipu alone, especially these three rivers with the word "red" are the largest.
So after they met, the outlet that flowed into Huangpu River was also called Hongkou. Later, Shanghai entered an industrialized society, and factories liked to be built by the river. Endless sewage and waste cause rivers to gradually shrink, silte up and even cut off, so that many sand floods are filled up.
Looking at Hongkou District now, there are only two main rivers left, one is Yujingpu and the other is Shajing Port.
In the past, the river with the word "Hong" has long been transformed, leaving only this short exit of "Hongkou Port" to prove that the name of this city still has a place.
So why change "Hong" to "Hong"? One is to avoid Zhu Yuanzhang's title of "Hongwu", and the other is that the word "rainbow" is more attractive than the flood, so the people spontaneously wrote "rainbow" and later gradually became a formal place name.
Before the opening of Shanghai, the area along the Yangtze River in Hongkou was Xujiatan, where fishermen dried their nets and parked. After the port was opened, American businessmen built docks, warehouses, docks and roads nearby.
1In June, 856, the first wooden bridge across Suzhou Creek, Wells Bridge, was built, commonly known as "Waidukou Bridge", connecting Shiliyang Field and Hongkou.
1878 The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is located in the west of Waidu Bridge, and now a wooden bridge with a width of 12 feet has been built at the location of Sichuan Road and Bridge. Because of its geographical location, it is named "Lidu Bridge".
In Shanghai dialect, the pronunciation of "pendulum" is similar to "white" and "dam", so it is gradually mistaken for Waibaidu Bridge. Wells Bridge is a commercial bridge. The toll standard for crossing the bridge is 5 yuan per person, and the vehicle is doubled. At the same time, the monthly and annual tickets for crossing the bridge have been issued.
Due to the large number of people traveling between the banks of the Su River, Wells Company made a lot of money on the bridge toll. Ten years later, the mercenary Wells Company was unwilling to make a profit to repair the broken bridge.
1875 on the one hand, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology strengthened the bridge and restricted traffic, on the other hand, it built another bridge next to the original bridge. Because the new bridge is located on one side of the Bund Garden, it is called "Garden Bridge", but Shanghainese still call it "Waibaidu Bridge".
It's just a story that "Xiaobai" from the media crosses the bridge and eats for free.
What we are seeing now is actually 1907 Yangshupu to Nanjing Road, the first steel bridge specially built for trams in Shanghai, which has long been a landmark building in Shanghai.
Shanghai Mansion, located on the Hongkou side of Waibaidu Bridge, has been built for 90 years, but its reputation is still incomparable to that of Magnolia aside.
Originally known as broadway mansions, it is a splayed apartment building with early modernist style. The reason why it is called Broadway is actually related to this path.
1864 A road named "Hongkou Road" appears in the north of the bridge. Foreigners in the American Concession are homesick, and the bustling scene reminds them of the famous Broadway in new york, so they renamed it Broadway Road at 1877.
After that, Broadway Road continued to extend and crossed Hongkou Port Bridge. The road on the east side of the bridge is called East Broadway Road. Broadway Road, located on the north bank of Huangpu, was the ocean transportation center of Shanghai at that time, and a large number of hardware accessories shops serving foreign ships gradually gathered around it, as well as rows of bars and dollar exchange shops.
Broadway mansions, located at the entrance, is the hotel and apartment for these foreigners who come to China. During the occupation, it was run by the Japanese and became the residence of Japanese military and political diplomats and traitors.
1943, Wang Puppet Road was renamed Daming Road, 195 1 year, and Broadway Mansion was named "Shanghai Mansion" by Chen Yi, then mayor of Shanghai.
A large number of immigrants from China live in the west side of Broadway in the United States, and Jews live in the east side. Broadway in Shanghai has a similar history.
In 1930s and 1940s, the war that swept across Europe made many countries adopt strict immigration restrictions, and a large number of European Jews who fled the Nazi butcher's knife had to cross the ocean to come to Shanghai, because the Shanghai Concession at that time was the only place in World War II where they could enter the country with any official documents, resulting in more than 20,000 Jews arriving in Shanghai.
However, after a few good years, the Japanese invasion plunged this place into the whirlpool of war. Some Jews obtained American visas or emigrated to other countries.
18,000 people left in Shanghai can only survive in shelters, and 400 people are squeezed into a small room, and they can only barely use sheets as partitions and live on meager relief funds. In order to get a better life, the Relief Committee also arranged for refugees to receive life skills training.
194 1 year 12 and 8 days later, the Japanese army occupied Shanghai in an all-round way and the concession island fell. The Japanese army not only seized aid money, frozen overseas bank accounts, but even circulated rumors that the Japanese army would imitate the German Nazis to deal with them. The shadow of terror hangs over here again.
Until 1945, most Jews here survived. Now it is the "Tilanqiao Historical and Cultural Scenic Spot", which is the only historical relic in China that can reflect the life of Jewish refugees during World War II.