Tang Wan and Lu You
Tang Wan Lu You's cousin and his first wife, Lu You and Tang Wan are cousins. Lu You's mother's sister-in-law is Tang Wan's mother. When Lu You's mother was not married, she had a bad relationship with her sister-in-law at home. So, naturally, I don't like my sister-in-law's daughter. But the custom at that time was to kiss each other often, so Tang Wan came in. Tang Wan is very beautiful, and she was a talented woman who was famous at that time. She has a very good relationship with Lu You, but her behavior in the family may belong to a more liberal category, which often makes her mother-in-law feel disrespectful. Although Lu You's mother often complains and scolds her, she can still bear it. But there is one thing that she can't stand: Tang Wan has been childless for several years after her marriage. She doesn't want her son to die because of this woman. At that time, having children was a family event. Lu You's mother filed for divorce from Tang Wan for this reason. No matter who is Lu or Tang, she feels that there are not many strong reasons to object. Finally, the two were forced to divorce.
After the divorce, Lu You married a woman first. The bride, surnamed Wang, gave birth to a child soon after she passed the door. Tang was indignant and felt that he would lose face if he didn't marry his daughter. So he married his daughter to another famous scholar at that time. This scholar is very kind to Tang Wan. He is a family friend of the Tang family, fully knows Lu You's literary friends, admires Lu You, sympathizes with Tang Wan, and tries to make her happy.
One day, I set foot on land to visit Shenyuan Garden, and happened to meet Mr. and Mrs. Tang Wan in the garden. Both sides are embarrassed. Tang Wan's husband knew that the two of them were in love, so he offered them a chance to talk alone.
He said, "Your cousin is here. You are related. Why not get together? " So Tang Wan brought a maid and a pot of wine to see Lu You. Both sides said that they should put things behind them and know that this life is over and there is no chance of getting back together. Endless sadness. Tang Wan personally toasted Lu You. After Lu You drank it, he wrote the song "Hairpin Phoenix" in Shenyuan. Write, put pen to paper:
Red crisp hands, rattan, wine, spring scenery in the city, palace walls, willow wind evil, a careful, a melancholy mood, and a few years of separation, a wrong spring, such as the old man's empty tears, a red overflow, a soft peach blossom, a leisurely pool, a pavilion, a mountain alliance, although it is difficult to hold Momo in the brocade book.
After a meeting in Shen Yuan, Tang Wan was deeply grieved. After returning to China, I repeatedly played with the words of Lu You.
There is another sentence that uses the same qupai:
The world is thin, human feelings are poor, flowers are easy to fall when the rain is sent late, and the wind is dry and tears are residual. It is difficult to write a word on your mind, but it is difficult to turn a person into a person. Today's soul is not as morbid as yesterday's, and it is often like a cold night, which makes people afraid to ask questions, swallow tears and pretend to be happy.
Lu You was born in a scholarly family and was a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Tang Wan, whose real name is Huixian, is Lu You's cousin. Quiet and witty since childhood, but not good at words but understanding. Lu you, who is similar in age, hit it off very well. They were childhood friends and spent innocent time together. As they grow older, a lingering feeling gradually arises in their hearts.
Both Lu You and Tang Wan were good at poetry in their youth. They often pour out their hearts with poems. They sang in pairs and sang together. Their beautiful shadows are like a pair of colorful butterflies dancing among flowers, and their eyes are full of happiness and harmony. The two parents and all relatives and friends also thought that they were a match made in heaven, so the Lu family took a beautiful heirloom as a keepsake and booked Tang's marriage. As an adult, Tang Wan became the daughter-in-law of Lujia after a night of wedding. From then on, Lu You and Tang Wan lived in peace, indulged in their own worlds, and gained fame and fortune. The newly married Yaner's land trip lingers in the gentle village, and she has no time to take care of her exams and be an official. Lu You's mother, Tang, is a dignified and bossy woman. She is looking forward to her son being admitted to the top scholar, taking the official position and shining brilliantly. Seeing the present situation, she was greatly dissatisfied. She reprimanded Tang Wan several times as an aunt, and even reprimanded her several times as a mother-in-law, ordering her to put her husband's future in the imperial examination first and be indifferent to her children. However, the relationship between Lu and Tang was deep, and the situation did not improve significantly. Because of this incident, Lumu was disgusted with her daughter-in-law, and thought that Tang Wan was really the jinx of the Tang family, which would delay her son's future. So she went to the boundless buddhist nun in the suburbs and asked the nuns in buddhist nun to predict their fate for the sake of their children and daughter-in-law. Miao calculated and said seriously, "Tang Wan and Lu You don't match. First, it is misled and will eventually die. " Mother Lu was terrified out of her wits and forced Lu You to abandon Tang Wan. Lu you's heart is like a knife. He has always been very filial. In the face of a resolute mother, there is no other way but to submit to humiliation.
Forced by her mother's life, Lu You had to promise to send Tang Wan back to her family. In this way, a pair of affectionate mandarin ducks will be torn apart by unreasonable filial piety, secular utilitarianism and empty fate. Lu You and Tang Wan were inseparable, so they couldn't bear to go there to get together. So they quietly built a clause to house Tang Wan. Lu You and Tang Wan went to dream for the first time, looking as good as ever. But the paper can't wrap the fire, and the shrewd mother Lu soon noticed. They were strictly ordered to cut off contacts and marry another docile and filial daughter for Lu You, completely cutting off the long-term love relationship between Lu and Tang.
In desperation, Lu You had to clean up the bitter water and take the imperial examination again under the supervision of his mother. With his solid knowledge and brilliant literary thinking, he won the appreciation of examiner Lu Fu and was recommended as the team leader. But at the same time, it was envied by Prime Minister Qin Gui. So in the spring of the following year, when the department of rites took the exam, it was just an excuse to eliminate Lu You's test paper. Lu you's career suffered from wind and rain from the beginning.
As expected, Lu You returned to his hometown, where the scenery remained the same and his face was completely new. What I saw and the people I thought of made me sad. In order to dispel the melancholy, Lu You led a dissolute life. At noon on a warm spring day, Lu You casually strolled into the Shen Garden of Yuji Temple. On a quiet path deep in the garden, I met my ex-wife Tang Wan head-on. At that moment, time and eyes froze, and my eyes were in a trance, full of ignorance, resentment, thinking and pity. At this point, Tang Wan has been married by his family to Zhao Shicheng, a scholar in the same county. Zhao is a royal descendant of a prominent family. Zhao Shicheng is a generous and affectionate scholar. He showed sincere sympathy and understanding for Tang Wan who suffered emotional setbacks. Tang Wan's traumatized mind gradually calmed down, and new feelings began to sprout. At this time, the unexpected encounter with Lu You undoubtedly reopened Tang Wan's closed mind, and the old tenderness and myriad grievances that had been accumulated for a long time suddenly poured out, and the weak Tang Wan could not bear this feeling. Lu You, though he has been studying hard and writing poems for several years to suppress his yearning for Tang Wan, at this moment, the old feelings buried deep in his heart can't help but gush out. Four eyes are opposite, thousands of thoughts and mixed feelings, but I don't know where to start. This time, Tang Wan and her husband Zhao Shicheng went to Shenyuan and were waiting for her to eat. After a great trance, Tang Wan, who is already someone else's wife, finally took a heavy step, took a deep glance and left, leaving only Lu You in a daze among the flowers.
The breeze woke up Lu You who was immersed in an old dream. He couldn't help following Tang Wan to the pond under the willows. He saw Tang Wan and Zhao Shicheng eating on the waterside pavilion of the pool. Vaguely see Tang Wan lower the head, frown. He stretched out his jade hand to drink tea intentionally or unintentionally, and drank slowly with Zhao Shicheng. This deja vu scene broke Lu You's heart. Yesterday's dream, today's delusion and today's resentment all revolve around my heart. I feel a lot, so I began to write a question on the white wall, "Hairpin Phoenix":
Red crisp hands, Huang Teng wine, mancheng spring willow; Dongfeng evil, with a faint sense of joy, has been sad for several years, wrong, wrong, wrong.
Spring is the same, people are empty and thin, and tears are red and weak; Peach blossom falls, idle pool pavilion, although the mountain alliance is there, it is difficult to hold books, mo, mo, mo.
Subsequently, Qin Gui died of illness. Lu You was recalled to North Korea, and Lu You was ordered to be a bookkeeper in Ningde County and left his hometown. The following spring, Tang Wan came to Shenyuan again, wandering among winding corridors, and suddenly caught a glimpse of Lu You's inscription. Repeatedly chanting, remembering the scene when the two men sang together in poetry, I couldn't help but burst into tears and my heart vibrated. I unconsciously neutralized a poem, which was written after Lu You's words: the world is thin, human feelings are evil, and flowers are easy to fall at dusk when it rains; The evening breeze is dry, tears are broken, and it's hard, hard, hard to convey my thoughts and lean against the railing alone.
People become different, today is not yesterday, and sick souls are often thousands of miles away; The horn was cold and the night was dim. I was afraid of being asked. I swallowed my tears and pretended to be happy, hiding, hiding, hiding.
Tang Wan is a woman who attaches great importance to friendship. Her love with Lu You was a perfect combination, but it was destroyed in the secular wind and rain. Although Zhao Shicheng gave her emotional comfort, after all, the sea is difficult for water. The unforgettable love with Lu You has always remained in the deepest part of her emotional world. Since seeing Lu You's inscription, her heart has been difficult to calm down. Recalling the watery past, sighing the helpless world, the emotional fire tortured her, making her listless and unhappy, turning into a fallen leaf in the bleak autumn and quietly passing away with the wind. There is only a sentimental "Hairpin Phoenix", which makes people cry.
The traditional repertoire of Beijing Opera-Hairpin Phoenix
The plot of a play
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You, a gifted scholar in Yin Shan, was engaged to his cousin Tang Huixian. Tang Huixian was a little older, and her parents died of illness in Sichuan. Lu's mother Tang ordered Lu You brothers to take Tang Huixian there. Tang believes in Buddhism and often goes to Niangniang Temple to burn incense and worship Buddha. The owner of the temple is not empty. He raised many young people to do dirty work by using the invisibility of Buddha. Seeing that Tang Huixian was beautiful, he and Qin Gui's nephew Luo Yushu conspired to give Tang Huixian to Qin Gui to please him. It is not false to say that Tang Hui Fairy is an obstacle to the growth of temples, and only by rounding up buddhist nun can he be saved. Tang Guo was confused and put Tang Huixian into the temple when Lu You tried it. Tang Huixian entered the temple, which was not empty, so he was tortured. The chivalrous Zongzi of Yin Shan had long heard of this evil deed, and sent a righteous man to sneak into the temple and kill Luo Yushu, and made money for him in the village and killed him. Tang Huixian was so scared that she was unconscious. Zongzi often picked up a poem fan written by Lu You, knowing that she was Lu You's fiancee, and decided that Lu You would return to Li Shicheng. Lu You tried to go to Lin 'an, which was taboo for Qin Gui and was rejected. After returning to China, there was no news from Tang Huixian. I was deeply impressed and decided not to marry, but Tang asked around and asked for a proposal. Zongzi often suspected that a land tour was meaningless, so he decided to try his heart in Shen Yuan. Lu You was very surprised to see Tang Huixian in the garden, so he wrote the word "Feng Feng" in the handkerchief and gave it to Tang Huixian. Tang Huixian saw it and got sick. Zongzi often knows that they are deeply in love, and invites Lu You's brother Lu Ziyi to talk about the Down family. Don woke up and agreed to get married. During the period of Flowers and Candles, Tang Huixian was dying because of long-term depression. No full moon will lead to eternal regret.
More than 30 years ago, when I was performing in Beijing, I accidentally read Lu Fangweng's Ci and saw a flaw in Hairpin Phoenix, which was so sad and touching that I was moved to tears. Weng Fang was a patriotic poet in Song Dynasty, unyielding and treacherous, insisting on resisting gold. However, in the decadent Southern Song Dynasty, monarchs, ministers and Qin Gui colluded with the Jin people to betray the country and seek glory. Although they are ambitious, their ambitions are hard to reach and they have been depressed for half their lives. There are many touching things in his life, and the most unfortunate experience in his personal life is the marriage tragedy with his cousin Tang Huixian. The word "Chaitoufeng" was written for this purpose.
I (Xun Huisheng) wrote the script because I like his words very much and feel sorry for them. The purpose is to expose the poison of feudal system and feudal marriage through the tragedy of Tang and Lu. However, according to careful Dong Qiye's history and Chen Hu's sequel in his later years, it is said that Tang Huixian was exiled by his aunt, and he changed to Zhao Shicheng, the imperial clan, and let the man go to Shen Yuan. Because of the name of "Hairpin Phoenix", it was quoted by Lu Fangweng in his later years as "the dream is broken and fragrant for forty years, and the willow in Shenyuan does not blow cotton." This body is mountain soil, still hanging in the air. ""The setting sun on the city draws a corner to mourn, and Shen Garden is not a reunion pool. Under the sad bridge, the spring waves are green, which used to be a stunning photo. I think that if Tang Huixian died again, Lu Fangweng might not be so persistent. There are many rumors in history, and there are also many things that are not credible in Song people's notes. For example, Xu's "Three Dynasties North Alliance" said that the wife was more suitable, and the king sent Han to bring money to make readers laugh at her fake birth. Another example is the adaptation of Zhang Ruzhou by Li Qingzhao, which is almost unanimous. According to the textual research of the preface to the record of Jinshi, later generations know that it is all empty. I think if Lu and Tang can lead an honest and clean life and meet again in the future, it will make the play more tense, touching and resonate with the audience. Because I love Lu and Tang, I acted in this play, and I shaped him with the spirit of love. Therefore, I found something strange. I wrote that Tang Huixian was exiled to buddhist nun, saved by Zongzi Chang, and tried to reunite him with Lu Fangweng. On the unexpected wedding day, Huixian fell ill and eventually became an enemy. And put the original lyrics of "Hairpin Phoenix" into the play to increase the melody. This was an attempt at that time, and Lao Huangpi had no such example.
The play was compiled in 1928 and premiered at Ming Kai (now Democratic) Theatre on August 26th of the same year. Self-decorated Tang Huixian, KAI as Lu You, Chunyan Zhang as Lu Ziyi, Zhao Tongshan as Chou-heung, and Ma Fulu as Bukong. Since then, all previous performances have been well received, and they are known as one of the five great tragedies of Xun School.
At first, there was no scene in the adaptation. Later, Mr. KAI suggested adding this detail because of the tragic atmosphere of the play, the audience's emotions were too depressed, and the play would easily heat up without making any adjustments. The backstage effect is very good. In practice in recent years, I feel that there are many original venues, which need to be refined and compressed. The theme of the play and Lu Mu's down character should be quite distinct. Therefore, it is necessary to reorganize, delete or merge the scattered fields and enrich them appropriately to make the theme more prominent. Adapted on 196 1 year.
For thousands of years, sages thought that Lu You and his original wife, Tang Xier, were cousins, but this was not the case. Chaitoufeng was first recorded in the Southern Song Dynasty, followed by Liu Kezhuang's Houhua, but neither Chen nor Liu mentioned that Lu and Tang were cousins. Until the Song and Yuan Dynasties, in Qidong unofficial history, it was said: "The military attache Lu first married the Tang family, and Hong's daughter was also an aunt and nephew." Since then, The Theory of Ancient Watches has been regarded as a "common saying". In fact, a comprehensive survey of relevant historical documents shows that Lu You's family is the Tang family in Jiangling, and his great-grandfather is Tang Jie, a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty who lived in Renzong, Yingzong and Zongshen Dynasties. Tang Jie's grandchildren are all named after the word "heart", that is, love, forgiveness, meaning, stupidity and admiration, but they are not named after the word "door". Wang Jue's Biography of Tang Jie and Huayang Collection.
Textual research on Su's epitaph in the Tang Dynasty, but Lu You's original wife's mother line was the surname, and his father was the son of Tang Yi, a young man with political achievements during the Xuanhe period. Tang Hong's Kunzhong was also named after the word "door", that is, according to "Jia Tai Hui Ji Zhi Bao Qing Continued Ji Zhi", so Lu You had nothing to do with his original wife Tang Dezong. In this way, the cautious "aunt statement" is unreasonable, so it is completely fabricated by him? That's not true. Although Liu Kezhuang didn't mention that Lu and Tang were cousins in "Poems of Houcun", he did say something like this: "A certain family changed its official position and had contacts with Lu at home and abroad." A surname refers to Down's; An official refers to Zhao Shicheng, the son of the same county. Liu Kezhuang's two sentences mean that Tang remarried and married Lu. That's exactly what happened. Lu You's aunt, Ying Guo's wife, Tang Shi, is the first wife of Qian Chen, the descendant of Wang Qianchu, and the daughter-in-law of princess royal, the tenth daughter. Lu You's original late husband, princess royal's nephew and Lu You's uncle, is just the same generation as Lu You. According to Lu You's Collected Works of Weinan, Tang Zhaozong gave Qian Wusu an iron ticket, while Wang Mingqing, as a poet of Liu Kezhuang's younger generation, may have seen Liu Kezhuang's account or heard such rumors, but he misunderstood Liu Kezhuang's meaning, which led to the eternal myth.