"The high mountains between the banks are all covered with cold trees, competing with each other, and they are at odds with each other," is the part of the couplet.
The original text is as follows
Books with Zhu Yuansi
Author Wu Jun
Article genre: Parallel couplet
Dynasty The Northern and Southern Dynasties
The wind and smoke are all pure, and the Tianshan Mountains are beautiful. Drifting in the current, anything. A hundred miles from Fuyang to Tonglu, there are strange mountains and rivers, unique in the world.
The water is all pale blue, thousands of feet deep. There are fish and rocks swimming around, which are unobstructed even if you look directly at them. The rapids are like arrows, and the waves are as fierce as running.
The mountains on both sides of the bank are all covered with cold trees. They are competing with each other, competing for heights, and hundreds of peaks are forming. The spring water stirs the rocks, making a cool sound; the good birds sing to each other, and their chirping becomes a rhyme. The cicada spins endlessly, while the ape cries endlessly. Those who fly violently to the sky look at the peaks and calm their minds; those who are economical in world affairs look into the valleys and forget to rebel. The top of the horizontal keel is covered, and it is still dim during the day; the sparse strips overlap, and sometimes the sun can be seen.
Translation
The wind and smoke have dispersed, and the sky and mountains are the same color. (My boat) along with the river floating in the water, sometimes due to the east, sometimes due to the west. The one-hundred-mile waterway from Fuyang to Tonglu and the strange landscape are unique.
The water in the river is blue and white, and you can see clearly from a thousand feet deep. Swimming fish and fine sand and gravel can also be seen clearly without any obstruction. The rapid current is faster than an arrow, and the swift waves are like galloping horses.
On the high mountains on both sides of the river, there are all growing trees that make people look chilly; relying on the (high) terrain, the mountains compete upward, as if they are competing with each other to reach higher and farther away. Stretching straight upward, reaching into the sky, forming countless peaks. The spring water (in the mountains) hits the rocks and makes a cool sound; the beautiful birds sing in harmony with each other, and their songs are harmonious and beautiful. Cicadas and apes also keep chirping for a long time. Those who pursue fame and fortune will calm down their desire for fame and fortune, seeing (these majestic) peaks; those who deal with government affairs, seeing (these beautiful) valleys, (will) linger over them and never leave. The slanting branches cover it, making it as dim as dusk even during the day; the sparse branches cover each other, and sometimes sunlight can be seen (through the gaps between the branches and leaves).
Appreciating calligraphy with Zhu Yuansi
The beauty of the country has attracted countless literati to recite poems and write essays, leaving behind many well-known landscape masterpieces for future generations. Among them, "Books with Zhu Yuan" written by Wu Jun, a Liang writer in the Southern Dynasties, is a landscape sketch. The author uses concise and clear pen and ink to depict a picture of nature full of vitality, and only uses 144 words to describe it. It vividly and realistically depicts the beautiful scenery along the Fuchun River, and is regarded as a masterpiece of scenery description in parallel prose. Reciting this article, I feel the beautiful scenery, beautiful emotions, beautiful words, and beautiful chapters. Such a short length gives people a feeling of overwhelming beauty, which is breathtaking. When reading, pay attention to how the author grasps the characteristics of the mountains and waters and models them.
Beautiful artistic conception
The article begins with concise strokes, giving people an outline of the background of the Fuchun River landscape: the sun is bright, the sky is high and the clouds are clear, the air is fresh, the mountains are green, and the general scenery is beautiful. The overall impression of the water trip from Fuyang to Tonglu: "Strange mountains and rivers, unique in the world." In the second paragraph, write "different water". First, I grasped its "ethereal" characteristics and wrote about its crystal clear static beauty: The water seems to be transparent, and you can see the bottom at a glance. Even the fish that come and go quickly and the numerous fine stones on the bottom of the water are all visible. It has an unobstructed view. Then, he uses metaphors and exaggeration to outline the dynamic beauty of the rapid waves: sometimes the water rushes swiftly and violently, plummeting thousands of miles, which makes people feel thrilling. Such a description, there is movement in the stillness, and the combination of movement and stillness shows the beauty and spectacular beauty of the Fuchun River, and highlights the word "different".
In the third paragraph, write "strange mountain". First of all, from the perspective of shape, the wonder of the mountain itself is described. The wonder lies in "racing against the negative momentum" and "fighting for the heights and pointing directly". Mountains are originally static, but in the author's writings, they seem to have infinite vitality. They seem to break away from the earth and go straight to the sky. If they want to go up, they will become "thousands of peaks", with mountains upon mountains. Secondly, I wrote about the wonder of the sounds of nature in the empty mountain from the perspective of sound. In the empty mountain valley, the springs tinkled, the birds sang in harmony, the cicadas kept singing, and the apes couldn't stop crying. These cheerful sounds merged into an ode to life, turning this silent valley into a A lively, harmonious, joyful and peaceful world. The mountain contains these lives, and these lives give the mountain infinite vitality. Once again, from the perspective of color, he writes about the wonder of the sun and the lack of light in the mountains and forests. Although it is sunny outside the mountains, there is a unique scene in the mountains. The author's style of writing changes from dynamic to still, describing a dark scene in the valley with dense trees and thick shade, with only "sometimes the sun can be seen" during the day. This section describes the shape, sound, and color of the mountain, all closely related to the word "odd".
The author grasps the characteristics of this mountain and water, skillfully combines movement and stillness, sound and color, light and shadow, and paints a landscape picture full of vitality for readers, allowing readers to fully enjoy the scenery on both sides of the Fuchun River. "The beauty of mountains and rivers".
Zhiqumei
This article focuses on describing the scene, and there is very little language that directly expresses the story. However, excellent articles have always paid attention to the interplay of scenes. People can appreciate the author's noble aspirations and noble feelings from the author's description of the scenery and a few sentences about his impressions. From the first sentence "Drifting on the current, whatever you want", you can feel the ease and comfort of enjoying freedom, unrestrained, and unencumbered; from the description of the landscape, you can experience the author's love for nature and freedom, and his love for nature. A celebration of vitality. What is even more admirable is that when describing the mountain scenery, the author inserted two sentences: "Those who fly violently to the sky look at the peaks and rest their minds; those who are economical in worldly affairs look into the valleys and forget to rebel." These few sentences not only highlight the soul-stirring charm of dangerous peaks and valleys from the side, but also convey the author's disdain for fame and fortune and his weariness with officialdom and government affairs.
Taking it carefully, the author's ambition is different from the active participation in the world of "knowing that it is impossible and doing it", and also different from the passive retreat from the world of "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence and leisurely seeing the southern mountains". It is an admiration for relaxed nature, a yearning for freedom and harmony, and a tribute to joyful life. It is less serious and more unrestrained than the former, less pessimistic and more cheerful than the latter. Therefore, it has a more ordinary mentality, and is easier for people to accept and feel friendly.
Beautiful language
This article is a landscape sketch written in parallel style. Parallel prose is often organized into four characters and six characters, so it is also called "four or six characters". This article only has more than 140 words. The author uses fresh writing and vivid descriptions to tell his friends about the mountains and waters he saw from Fuyang on the Fuchun River to Tonglu, so that his friends can share the beauty of Fuchun mountains and rivers.
Parallel prose (pián) is a literary style that pays attention to form. The author Wu Jun was a well-known parallel writer in the Southern Dynasties. His representative work "Sishu with Zhu Yuan" naturally maintains the characteristics of parallel prose. The article basically follows the requirements of parallel prose, mainly using four-character sentences and six-character sentences, and uses a lot of couplets in the second half of the article, such as "The spring water stirs the rocks, making a cool sound; the good birds sing to each other, and their chirping becomes a rhyme", "Cicadas Then it will turn a thousand times without end, and the ape will scream a hundred times without end." This achieves the expression effect of neat sentence structure, harmonious phonology, contrasting ideas, and contrasting ideas. It is catchy to read and has a strong sense of rhythm.
But the article is different from the ordinary parallel prose at that time. It breaks the formal constraints of parallel prose to a certain extent and reflects valuable breakthroughs and innovations. First, in four-character sentences and six-character sentences, an alternating pattern of five-character and four-character sentences is used, such as "Those who fly violently to the sky will look at the peaks and rest their minds; those who are economical in worldly affairs will peek into the valley and forget to rebel." This avoids It eliminates the rigid and uniform shortcomings of parallel prose and makes the language appear lively and free; secondly, the first half of the article has almost no duality, which is no different from ordinary prose (especially the first section), while the second half is basically full of neat couplets, so The combination of parallel prose and the alternating arrangement of density and density makes the language flexible and more rhythmic; thirdly, the article does not pile up allusions like ordinary parallel prose, and even deliberately uses cold and rare characters to describe the scenery, and strives to accurately convey the spirit. It makes the language of the article appear fresh, natural, vivid and smooth, and it appears to be outstanding and otherworldly in the parallel prose that was dominated by gorgeous and unrestrained prose at that time.
Beautiful structure
Although "Books with Zhu Yuansi" is short in length, it is very organized.
The first paragraph of the article leads the whole article with the character "strange mountains and strange waters, unique in the world". The second and third paragraphs respectively inherit the two aspects of "strange mountains and strange mountains" and surround the words "unique in the world". "The two characters unfold and describe, and the structure is broad and clear in context. The sequence of describing the scenery is "water" first and then "mountain", unfolding layer by layer from near to far, which is in line with the viewing habit of "drifting with the current" and is clear and organized.
In the focus of describing scenery, write "mountain" in detail in the whole text and shorthand "water"; for the part about "water", write down static and shorthand for dynamic; for the part about "mountain", write down dynamic in detail and shorthand "static". . This not only highlights the main features of the scenery, but also makes it appear detailed and appropriate, with a moderate degree of importance.
Reading "Books with Zhu Yuansi" is like reading a good poem, because it not only has poem-like language with meaningful words and harmonious syllables, but is also permeated with fresh and elegant poetic sentiment; reading "Books with Zhu Yuansi" "Book" is like appreciating a freehand landscape painting, because it has distinctive scenery and a clear and free painting style. In short, the article has beautiful scenes and excellent words, which can give people the enjoyment of beauty and the joy of the soul.
Literary structure: parallel (pián)
Also known as "parallel prose", "parallel prose" or "parallel couplet prose"; because it is commonly used in four-character and six-character sentences, it is It is also called "Four-Liuwen" or "parallel four Liliu". A literary style that emerged after the Wei and Jin Dynasties in ancient China. Also known as parallel prose. The Southern and Northern Dynasties were the heyday of parallel prose. The whole article is mainly composed of double sentences (Haiju and even sentences), and pays attention to the neatness of the antithesis and the sonorous rhythm. In Chinese prose from the Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties, there was an opposition between "wen" and "pen". The so-called "wen" refers to parallel prose that specializes in gorgeous rhetoric and is bound by words, sentences and rhythm. The so-called "pen" refers to prose that mainly expresses ideas clearly and is not restricted by words and rhythm. (What is said here is inappropriate. According to Yan Yan’s point of view quoted in Liu Xie’s “A Summary of Literary Minds and Carving Dragons”: The pen is the body, and the words are the text; classics are words rather than pens, and biographies are pens rather than words. And Liu Xie My point of view is: "It is often said today that there is writing and writing. I think that writing without rhyme means writing, and writing with rhyme means writing." It can be seen that the debate on writing style that occurred in the Song and Qi Dynasties focused on whether there was rhyme or not, rather than parallel prose. The difference. Moreover, most of the prose in the Southern and Northern Dynasties also had rhymes, so it was revised)
A style of writing that emerged since the Wei and Jin Dynasties is also called parallel prose.
Parallel prose is the opposite of prose. Its main feature is that it mainly uses four or six sentence patterns and pays attention to antithesis. Because the sentence patterns are opposite to each other, it is like two horses driving abreast, so it is called parallel style. In terms of pronunciation, emphasis is placed on the use of flat and oblique tones and harmonious rhythm; in terms of rhetoric, emphasis is placed on ornamentation and allusion. Because parallel prose focuses on formal skills, the expression of content is often restricted, but when used properly, it can also enhance the artistic effect of the article. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were also many works with profound contents, such as Yu Xin's "Ode to the South of the Yangtze River". On the one hand, he described the sorrow of his life experience, and on the other hand, he condemned the mediocrity of the Liang Dynasty's monarchs and expressed his nostalgia for his motherland. After the Tang Dynasty. The form of parallel prose became more and more perfect, and parallel prose with four or six sentences throughout the text appeared. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, parallel prose was generally called siliuwen. Until the late Qing Dynasty, parallel prose was still very popular.
After the split of writing style, parallel prose became a style that was opposite to prose. Parallel prose was popular in the Six Dynasties, and its representative writers include Xu Ling and Yu Xin. After the ancient prose movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty, it declined slightly. It became famous in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. By the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, authors emerged one after another, with Wang Kaiyun in the late Qing Dynasty being the last writer.
General sentence
Strange mountains and rivers are unique in the world.
Emotion
1. Indifferent to fame and fortune, wandering around the mountains and rivers.
2. Encourage friends to return to the forest.
(Friend: refers to Zhu Yuansi)