Liu Qi died from 1098 to February 25, 1162, with the courtesy name Uncle Xin. He was a native of Chengji County, Qinzhou, now Jingning County, Gansu Province. The ninth son of Liu Zhongwu, the governor of the Luchuan Army, a famous general in the Southern Song Dynasty who fought against the Jin Dynasty. The following is what I have compiled for you, I hope it is useful to you!
Liu Qi was born in a general, handsome in appearance, good at archery, and sounded like a bell. When he was young, he went to war with his father Liu Zhongwu. Once, the water tank at the entrance of the camp was full of water. Liu Qi shot an arrow into the water tank. He pulled out the arrow and water poured out of the tank. Liu Qi then shot another arrow, which just hit the original arrow. The hole was plugged, and people admired his superb shooting skills. From 1119 to 1125 AD during the Xuanhe reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, the imperial court adopted Gao Qiu's recommendation and specially granted Liu Qi the rank of pavilion gate minister.
After Song Gaozong succeeded to the throne, he appointed Liu Zhongwu's descendants, so Liu Qi was summoned by Song Gaozong. Song Gaozong was very surprised, and specially appointed him as the Gemen Xuanzanshe Ren, and sent him to know Minzhou and serve as Longyou. Protector. He won many battles with the Xixia army. Because of his bravery in battle, the Xixia people were afraid of him. When a Xixia child cried, his mother threatened him and said that Liu Qi was coming. When Zhang Jun visited Shaanxi, he was surprised at his talent and appointed him as the envoy of Jingyuan Road.
In 1130, the fourth year of Jianyan's reign, he led the Jingyuan Army to participate in the Battle of Fuping, which is now part of Shaanxi Province. In the Battle of Fuping, Wanyan Zongfu launched an attack with Wanyan Loushi Army as the right wing and Wanyan Zongbi Army as the left wing. The Song army rushed into battle and lost unified command. The five armies and horses fought independently. Liu Qi first led the Song army on Jingyuan Road to attack Wanyan Zongbi's left-wing army and surrounded it. The fine cavalry led by Jin general Chi Zhanhui got stuck in the mud and found it difficult to gallop. Many people were killed. The brave general Han Chang was shot and wounded by a stray arrow.
After Zhang Jun's defeat in the Battle of Fuping, Mu Wei rebelled in Qingyang and surrendered to the Jin Kingdom, attacking Huanzhou. Zhang Jun ordered Liu Qi to go to the rescue. Liu Qi left his generals to guard Weizhou and led his own troops to rescue Huanzhou. Soon, the Jin army attacked Weizhou, and Liu Qi left his general Li Yanqi to resist Mu Wei. He personally led the elite troops back to rescue Weizhou, but it was too late. Due to the dilemma, Liu Qi led the army to withdraw to Deshun Army. Li Yanqi fled back to Weizhou and surrendered to the Jin Kingdom. As a result, Liu Qi was demoted to Mianzhou and served as border pacifier.
In 1133, the third year of Shaoxing's reign, Liu Qi resumed his original official position and became the commander of the Xuanfu Division. After the Jin army captured Monk Yuan, Liu Qi led his troops to defend Shaanxi and Sichuan areas. It happened that the envoy returned from Sichuan and reported Liu Qi's name and deeds to the court. Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty ordered Liu Qi to return to Lin'an Prefecture to be the governor of today's Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and appointed him as the imperial weapon, and soon changed to deputy general manager of Jiangdong Road.
In 1136, the sixth year of Shaoxing's reign, Liu Qi served as the commander of the Suwei army. When Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty was stationed in Pingjiang, the two armies of Xie Qian and Wang Yan fought, and both were dismissed. The court ordered Liu Qi to concurrently serve as the general of both armies. Liu Qi then requested that the former deputy guard army and the cavalry army be merged into the front, rear, left, right, middle and Youyi armies, forming six armies, each with a thousand men and twelve generals. Among them, the former deputy guard was Wang Yan's Eight-Character Army. At this point, Liu Qi's troops began to form a separate army and escorted Song Gaozong to Jinling.
In the seventh year of Shaoxing's reign (1137), Liu Qi was appointed military commander of Hefei; in the eighth year of Shaoxing's reign (1138), Liu Qi led his troops to garrison Jingkou. In 1139, the ninth year of the Shaoxing Revolution, Liu Qi was promoted to the training envoy of the Guozhou regiment, the commander of the four compartments of the Longshen Guard, and was in charge of the guard Ma Junsi.
In May of 1140, the tenth year of Shaoxing’s reign, the gold master tore up the peace agreement signed with the Southern Song Dynasty and invaded the Southern Song Dynasty massively. At that time, Liu Qi was serving as the deputy left-behind and military control officer of the Tokyo Army in Kaifeng, Henan Province. He analyzed that when the Jin soldiers went south, they would first capture Tokyo, and then attack Shunchang City, which is now Fuyang City, Anhui Province. Based on this judgment, Liu Qi led 3,000 people to retreat to Shunchang in advance, preparing to defend here to prevent the Jin soldiers from continuing to invade south. In order to strengthen the determination of the soldiers to defend the city, he sent people to drill through and sink all the ships in the Ying River and other waterways. He expressed to the officers and soldiers that the only way out was to "break the cauldron and sink the boats". There was no way to retreat and only a fight to the death was the only way out. He also placed himself and his family members in the temple, piled firewood around them, and sent troops to guard them. He told the guards that if the city was lost, they would set fire to the place where his family members lived to prevent any family members from falling into the temple. In the hands of the golden man. "So the soldiers all worked hard, the men prepared for battle, and the women sharpened their swords. They shouted and shouted: 'Normally people bully our eight-character army, but today we should make a contribution to the country by defeating thieves.'" Shunchang was besieged by Jin soldiers that were several times the number of defenders. 4 Day and night, the soldiers fought bloody battles with the same enemy, and swore to die with the city. After countless bloody battles, countless enemies were killed, and the city remained intact. They successfully completed this strategic attack of defeating the large with the small and defeating the strong with the weak. Task.
When Jin Wushu learned of Shunchang's defeat, he immediately personally led an army of 100,000 reinforcements. Liu Qi faced a more powerful enemy and decided to outwit him. After receiving instructions from Liu Qi, general Cao Cheng and two others led their troops to attack the Jin soldiers. However, after a few rounds, the two men pretended to fall off their horses and were captured by the Jin soldiers. When the benefactor interrogated him, Cao Cheng responded according to what Liu Qi had made up in advance: "Liu Qi is a handsome man from Taiping, who likes singing and dancing. The imperial court agreed that the two countries had a good relationship, and the envoy guarding Tokyo was very happy."
"Jin Wushu judged Liu Qi to be a bastard based on his confession. He looked down upon him and thought that such a general was vulnerable. Therefore, he did not bring heavy siege weapons and advanced lightly. He set up camp outside Shunchang City for 15 consecutive years. Here, the entire army was unprepared. Here Liu Qi did not move, but first sent people to quietly poison the Ying River. After a few days, most of the Jin soldiers fell ill and lost most of their combat effectiveness. Liu Qi thought that the time had come, so he organized. A team, each armed with long-handled axes and long javelins, lined up at the front of the position, specializing in cutting off the legs of the enemy's cavalry who rushed over first. After the cavalry fell to the ground, they stabbed them with javelins, and the result was a huge defeat of the Jin army. The so-called "Tie Fu Tu" and "Guaizi Ma" defeated the Jin soldiers in this battle, and Liu Qi's reputation spread throughout the army, and the "Battle of Shunchang" was also defeated by the Jin soldiers. It was regarded as a terrible end. The next year, Jin Wushu once again led his army to invade the Jianghuai area, and the Song Dynasty once again ordered Liu Qi to lead his army to fight. Liu Qi still used the tactics of the Shunchang Battle, first defeating the Jin Army's iron cavalry. Upon contact, the Jin soldiers exclaimed, "This is the flag of Shunchang" and fled for their lives. However, this victory not only failed to bring good luck to Liu Qi, but was resented by the imperialists. He was sent to Jingnan Prefecture and Tanzhou to serve as a local official in Changsha, Hunan Province.
In the 31st year of the Shaoxing Revolution in 1161, the sponsor mobilized another 600,000 troops. When the Southern Convicts were assigned combat tasks before setting off, all the generals of the Song Army were assigned tasks one by one. However, no one in the army dared to accept the task of attacking Liu Qi's troops. Wan Yanliang, the benefactor, was very angry. He gritted his teeth and decided to lead the army in a decisive battle with Liu Qi. At that time, Liu Qi served as the envoy to the west of Jiangsu, Huaihe and Zhejiang, and controlled the army and horses. The Jin soldiers did not dare to neglect this time and used felt wrapping. Liu Qi sent a skilled swimmer to scuttle the Jin's grain ship. On the one hand, the Jin army left elite soldiers to fight against Liu Qi, and on the other hand, Wang Quan, a general under Liu Qi's control, was intimidated by the Jin army. , refused to obey orders and fled without fighting, which completely destroyed Liu Qi's combat deployment and had to temporarily retreat to Yangzhou. The Jin army also sent Wanhu Gaojingshan to attack Yangzhou. The two armies fought fiercely in Zaojiao Forest. He was killed and hundreds of people were captured. Unfortunately, Liu Kai was seriously ill at this time, so he had to leave his nephew Liu Si to guard Guazhou Ferry with 1,500 people, and his general Li Heng to lead 8,000 people to guard Yangzhou City. He temporarily went to Zhenjiang to recover. Ye Yixiang, the Imperial Privy Councilor, was appointed to command the Jianghuai campaign. He first came to Zhenjiang and saw that Liu Qi was seriously ill, so he temporarily appointed Li Heng to act as Liu Qi's command. However, when the Jin army approached Guazhou At that time, Liu Si retreated first, and Li Heng's army could not resist. Wei You, who was in charge of the left army, and Wang Fang, who was in charge of the rear army, died in the battle. An iron army trained by Liu Qi and experienced in hundreds of battles was almost completely wiped out. He was summoned back to the capital and temporarily arranged to stay in the trial hospital, waiting for processing.
On February 25, 1162, the 32nd year of *** in Shaoxing, Liu. "Qi" died after vomiting blood for several liters. "As a gift to the three divisions of Kaifu Yitong", he was given the posthumous title of "Wu Mu". Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty was posthumously named King of Wu and added the crown prince Taibao.
Historical evaluation of Liu Qi
Hong Hao: Shun Chang Zhijie, the Jin people were frightened and devastated, and Yan's precious treasures all moved to the north, intending to donate them to the south and abandon them.
Fan Chengda: Like the common people, people are happy to thank An's rise; If my father is here, he will be surprised by the arrival of Guo Ling.
Zhou will be great: Cen Peng dies and Gongsun dies, Zhuge dies and Zhongda leaves. Later, Ke Xu Guan was behind him.
Zhang Ying: Therefore, the Taiwei, the military commander, and the three ministers Liu Qi were given to Kaifu Yi. In the battle of Jun Shunchang, Wu Shu was greatly destroyed. Front. Whoever hinders his work and harms his ability, so he is idle and scattered. The situation is not fully developed, the time will not come, and the opportunity will be lost in an instant. If you are dead, you may become a powerful enemy. It is advisable to have repeated attacks with many warnings. If so, you can use a large-scale and comprehensive strategy to show your ability of perseverance. There has been no such battle in the past fifteen years since the Southern Dynasties. The great victory in Shunchang must be caused by ghost soldiers from foreign countries, and we will not dare to take it."
Tuotuo: Liu Qi's magic machine His military strategy was a surprise victory, and his victory in Shunchang shocked the enemy. Although Han Xin's army was superior, it could not be said that he was not brave enough, but he was more magnanimous. Is that so?
Huang Daozhou: Liu Qi was ordered to control Tokyo. He had more than 30,000 troops and marched up the Huaihe River. There were signs of a thief, and Jin Guo defeated the alliance, so he drove into the city and the enemy gathered. Plan a war, or capture the enemy at night, or use the power to kill them, or gather them to fight against the enemy, and make them arrogant and sick. There was no fighting in the morning, but the army was exhausted in the afternoon. Therefore, there was no sound inside, so the victory was great. Either lose or win the battle. The masterminds are different, and they vomit blood and lose their lives.
Wang Fuzhi: Use all the efforts of the Southern Song Dynasty to fulfill the ambition of Yuehou, and use Han, Liu Qi and Er Wu to recover Bianjing and Wu. Is it okay to accept Shaanxi?
Quan Zuwang: Liu Taiwei failed to succeed in his later years, and many people in the world have said that he was elegant but not wise, or that he was ferocious. The victory in Shunchang, or that he used his subordinates, were all slandered by Yu Yunwen's disciples, which is not true. Although Zhenglong invaded the bandit, his reputation was great, but his talent was not as good as that of Wu. He sent troops from Huaidong and used the entire army. The entrustment cannot be compared with the five thousand people in Shunchang. The Taiwei can defeat Wushu in Shunchang, but cannot protect Huaidong. This is not believed by the world.
However, the failure at that time was not one-sided. The peace talks have been going on for a long time, and the soldiers are too tired to use them. All the old generals are dead, and there is no one left with any merit. Shunchang has only one city prepared, and the Taiwei can handle it alone. But it cannot be done by one person. The second thing is that they can do what they can; the Chinese and Koreans have no intention to fight and are anxious to plan, the third thing; and the Taiwei died of illness and was unable to make any achievements, and there is more to it than that. ...The Taiwei was definitely not defeated. If the royal power could guard Huaixi for twenty days, the Taiwei could have died without returning. Since the Taiwei returned to Huaidong, he should not be entrusted to the Taiwei for his own failure... When they returned to Guabu, they still sent people to pick up their families from Jingkou. At the end of the plan, he defended to the death, but the central nervous system became more and more serious, and the Taiwei also recovered from his illness. He used two people to support him and sat in a carriage on his shoulders. He looked haggard and his son had no horse to carry him. However, I still want to comfort the residents that with the large army in the north of the Yangtze River, there will be no danger and there is no need to alarm the emperor. Woohoo! It can be said that those who have dedicated their lives and died are the ones who have read history to this point and still want to discuss it, but they have no hope of regaining their hearts.
Zhang Zhidong: If the strategy is to strengthen the country and resist the outside world, it can only unite the hearts of the world with loyalty and righteousness, and unite the power of the nine states with the power of the imperial court. This is the way of heaven and earth, and it is a principle that has not been changed in ancient and modern times at home and abroad. In the past, the bandit Zhi was able to support the people with military force, but could not occupy a town; Tian Chou was virtuous and wanted to win over the people, but could not resist Wuhuan; Zu Ti was wise, brave and good at fighting, but could not stand on his own in the Central Plains, and relied on Jin in the south, but he was able to control Shile; Song abandoned Bian After crossing from Beijing to the south, everyone who survived thousands of miles in the Central Plains could be independent. However, the two rivers formed a stronghold, and Yingcheng in Shaanzhou could not protect itself. The Song Dynasty used Han and Yue as generals to achieve the victory of defeating the Jin Dynasty; the Eight-Character Army Taihang Minzhai was also a righteous and brave man. He was bullied by others because he could not fight. Liu Qi used it and achieved the victory of Shunchang. Zhao Zongyin raised his troops in Guanzhong and defeated the enemy in a series of battles. Wang's division was defeated by Fuping, and his troops dispersed. In the Song Dynasty, Wu Jie and Wu Lin were used as generals to protect Shu. Gai Wei's national power can defend the enemy country, but the civil rights cannot defend the enemy country. It is true that the power is strong.
Cai Dongfan: ① Among the generals known as Nandu in history, there are none like Zhang, Han, Liu, and Yue...Liu Guangshi is a mediocre general, which is insignificant. It may be said that Liu Qi should be the one, which is reasonable. ?②Liu Qi and Yue Fei were similar in their loyalty and bravery. Qi defended Shunchang and defeated the Jin soldiers in a row. He flew into Yancheng and reached Zhuxian Town, where he defeated the Jin soldiers in a row. At that time, the most capable Jin general was Wushu. Wushu can neither defeat Qi nor fly. What is the so-called end of the powerful crossbow and cannot penetrate Lu?