1905! In 2005! The vicissitudes of a hundred years are coming to an end. The essence of Beijing opera is for you to ponder. It's up to you to truly and objectively judge the quintessence of a century-old Peking Opera.
Before 1905, Peking Opera, like other arts, was a popular art of entertainment and education. After that, in the century-long vicissitudes of Peking Opera, Peking Opera did have a qualitative sublimation. First, it was praised by Chinese people as the quintessence of Chinese art, and then generations of Peking Opera artists became national cadres and people's artists. In the new century, the Party Central Committee proposed to revitalize the quintessence of Peking Opera, which all reflected the face of the Chinese nation in this century. Great compassion at home and abroad, heroic and tenacious, indomitable turn. It can be seen that the vicissitudes of Beijing opera in the past century are also difficult and bumpy all the way, and the passionate victory is still there!
According to the historical background, the century-old vicissitudes of Peking Opera can be divided into six stages:
The first stage: from 1905 to 1949. Chinese Peking Opera is praised by Chinese people as the highest state of national quintessence.
This stage has lasted for nearly half a century. In this half century, many cultures from the West have flooded into China, which has promoted the development of China's productive forces and promoted the great changes in China's social relations of production. These are very beneficial to the development of China. However, the decadent junk culture from the west also followed, which seriously endangered the excellent traditional Chinese culture. At the same time, the Chinese nation suffered an unprecedented catastrophe. Facing the cruel reality of foreign invasion, only Chinese excellent traditional culture can have cohesion and cohesion for the Chinese nation.
Therefore, under such a specific historical background, coupled with the popularity of Beijing opera in the country has a great foundation. It is inevitable that most people in China regard Peking Opera as the quintessence of Chinese art.
Of course, fried Peking Opera is also very common in society at this stage. With the abolition of the imperial examination system, all the officials in power in the country have been elected empty, and a large number of students returning from western learning can only be officials in the technical field. Western learning can only develop productive forces and rule the people. For a nation with 5,000 years of civilization, we must rely on the way of Confucius and Mencius to govern people's hearts. It attracted a large number of troops who came to power by guns to fill this gap. When they came to power, they should not only rule their minds, but also rely on Confucius and Mencius. At that time, Peking Opera replaced the "imperial examination system" and became the embodiment of Confucius and Mencius. Those armies had to pretend to know Peking Opera to show their understanding of Confucius and Mencius. But at the same time, they also spent a lot of money on opera, which made great contributions to the prosperity of Beijing opera. ! ! :)))))))))
That is, in those days, you wanted to get a position and said that you had been a scholar, and no one would believe you. If you can name the birthdays of people who are famous for playing Wang Yaoqing in Beijing Opera, no one will believe you if you are not a juren. It is said that when Chairman Mao went to Chongqing for negotiations, he made many cultural people, and some cultural people used the jargon of Peking Opera to test Chairman Mao's literary talent. The chairman moved out his poem to stabilize the situation. This is the hype of Beijing Opera!
The second stage: 1949 to 1953, the famous great man Mao Zedong played the trump card of Peking Opera, which stabilized the new China (PRC) regime.
At the moment when the vicissitudes of Beijing opera are about to pass, it is very meaningful to talk about this issue. Otherwise, hundreds of years later, some strange things at this stage will become puzzles that later historians cannot understand.
Why did 1949' s People's Liberation Army suddenly turn to "listen" to Peking Opera, with Shaanxi-Gansu folk songs as the mainstream? When the People's Liberation Army attacked the city, it extensively recruited Peking Opera actors, and some children, such as Li, Li and Li, spared no effort. After liberation, Beijing Opera Troupe was everywhere in China, and even in Tibet and Xinjiang, there were no fans of Beijing Opera at all. There are more fans of Peking Opera than Peking Opera, and the Peking Opera Troupe has become a state administrative agency, and the status of Peking Opera actors has been qualitatively improved. How did this happen? In fact, this is a Peking Opera trump card played by President Mao Zedong to consolidate the new China regime.
1In the early autumn of 949, the People's Liberation Army entered Beijing, and Chairman Mao still lived on the northwest slope of Hebei Province. On the surface, he was able to calm down and watch several Peking Opera performances by Li Heceng Wrestling Team and Li Lanting on the northwest slope. In fact, at this moment, the chairman's mood is extremely heavy. Laying down the country can only be regarded as the first step out of the long March. How difficult it is to consolidate the country!
Throughout history, since the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, every dynasty change was caused by peasant uprising. Many peasant uprisings in history were later used and replaced by landlords and bureaucrats or northern ethnic armed forces to change the dynasty. Only three peasant uprisings can become a climate, that is, the uprisings led by Zhu Yuanzhang, Li Zicheng and Hong Xiuquan. In the old China era of feudal society, after the peasant uprising was successful, Confucius and Mencius were thrown out to consolidate the country. This way of Confucius and Mencius can't be thrown away early or late. We must seize the opportunity and put it into the right idea. Li Zicheng just threw it late. The insurgents have lived in Beijing for more than 40 days, and they are still using the practice of killing the rich and helping the poor in rural Beijing, and the result is defeated. Hong Xiuquan threw it too early. The rebels are thousands of miles away from the Forbidden City, and can't wait to ascend to the throne to build the dynasty. There are clear regulations on what level of officials are sitting in the sedan chair carried by several people, which leads to intensified internal contradictions and loss of confidence outside. As a result, the rebels arrived in Tianjin, and the success or failure was at stake. In this regard, Zhu Yuanzhang did the best. He changed his policy when he saw that the rebels were expected to win. In the countryside, he still kills the rich and helps the poor to divide the fields to meet the interests of farmers. To consolidate the strength of the rebels, the responsibility of the city is mainly to appease. To appease the scholars, vendors and officials of the old dynasty. Finally, the Great Ming Dynasty was established, and the country was consolidated for more than 200 years! When Chairman Mao established the new China, many of his ideas were based on Zhu Yuanzhang's methods.
"If you don't know Peking Opera, you don't know culture", which is despised by the bourgeoisie. When Chairman Mao negotiated in Chongqing, this strange "philosophy" was enough. Fortunately, his old man has a perfect poem to cope with the past. After national liberation, it is necessary to persuade appeased urban intellectuals and capitalists to obey the leadership of the People's Liberation Army. We can't let every PLA soldier write a perfect poem! Therefore, at this stage, it is easy to understand that Chairman Mao played the trump card of Peking Opera and used it to stabilize the nascent People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC) regime. It is said that Chairman Mao once said to Peking Opera artists on the northwest slope of Hebei Province: "This Peking Opera is not only loved by capitalists, but also by farmers, workers and PLA soldiers!" :))))))))))))
The third stage: from 1953 to 1966. Chinese Peking Opera must follow the spirit of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's conference on the development of Peking Opera at that time, take the road of self-transformation and turn to spiritual closeness.
As early as the autumn of 1953, the CPC Central Committee held a special meeting to study the development of Peking Opera. The spirit of the conference is to make Peking Opera take the road of self-transformation and turn to spiritual closeness.
With the end of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, the socialist transformation in the form of mutual aid groups began in the fiery red era when the Chinese nation was in unprecedented high spirits and high spirits. In cities, the socialist transformation in the form of public-private partnership against industrialists, small industrial and commercial households and large enterprise capitalists is also being carried out vigorously. Under such a historical background, our Peking Opera must also take the road of self-transformation and move closer to the spirit.
Moreover, at this stage, the national art industry keeps up with the historical trend, and our local dramas are not inferior. For example, "Silver Ring Going to the Countryside" of Hebei Henan Opera and "Secret Love for Zhao Zhenhua at the Model Workers Conference" of Pingju are all modern classics that are still popular today! And our Peking Opera, which ranks first, is still foolproof. Still babbling, complaining and chewing stereotyped writing, which is really far from the background of that era! Therefore, the times are destined to require our Peking Opera to take the road of self-transformation and move closer to the spirit at this stage.
At this stage, our predecessors' Peking Opera artists have completely turned over, slaves who don't play, and masters who play. Under the irrigation of their hard work, many modern Peking operas were born. Modern Peking Opera was born at this stage.
Today, we are going to revitalize the quintessence of Peking Opera "Dare to ask where the road is"? In fact, we don't have to go through all the hardships to learn from the West like Tang Sanzang. There are also many 60-90-year-old Peking Opera artists who have been baptized at this stage. They now have the most say in the development of Beijing Opera. It is precisely because they have been baptized at this stage that they are living fossils and guiding lights for the future development of Chinese Peking Opera. We should urgently call for the big box office of Chinese Peking Opera. Dear old artists, you will be on the road to death in the future. ! !
The fourth stage: from 1966 to 1976. Chinese Peking Opera was used by the Gang of Four headed by Jiang Zemin as political capital for plotting to usurp the party and seize power.
In mid-May, 1966, the People's Liberation Army newspaper published an article "Criticizing Beijing Opera" Hai Rui dismissed from office ",and the prelude of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution began. At this point, the research results of historians today are the same. An article "My Poster" not written by a Peking University student triggered the great proletarian cultural revolution.
Criticizing the Peking Opera "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office" is tantamount to denying the achievements of the old Peking Opera artists in the previous stage. A batch of modern Peking Opera that emerged in the previous stage should be based on Qingjiang's "To Highlight the Positive Characters among All Characters"; Highlight the hero among the positive characters; Highlight the main hero among heroes. "The format of" Three Highlights "was revised, and" Modern Peking Opera Model Opera "was created. In fact, "Three Highlights" is not bad, in line with the original responsibility of artistic typicality, and Beijing opera pays more attention to the original responsibility of typicality. Say Zhuge. Highlighting the theme of love and hate is the original style of Beijing opera. It is not good for Jiang Qing to list it as his own merit in another way. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to say that "modern Peking Opera model operas" are just used by the Gang of Four headed by Qingjiang as their political capital for plotting to usurp the party and seize power.
"Modern Peking Opera Model Opera" is a must of Peking Opera at this stage, and it is also a leader in ruling the national art field. The unprecedented glory of Peking Opera is at this stage. Nowadays, Beijing opera fans are influenced by "modern Beijing opera model operas" only at a certain age. "Modern Peking Opera Model Opera" still affects the development trend of modern Peking Opera. The "Modern Peking Opera Model Opera" held in France in 2004 won the honor of the world for China, and won the honor for more than 65.438 billion people in China and the splendid Chinese civilization for 5,000 years. We should pay the highest tribute to the "modern Peking Opera Model Opera" born at this stage.
The fifth stage: 1976 to 2000. Chinese Peking opera first entered the stage of ignorance, and then entered the stage of revival of traditional old operas.
1In the autumn of 976, the Gang of Four headed by Qingjiang was overthrown, and then a nationwide movement to criticize the Gang of Four was launched. Many Beijing opera artists have been censored and criticized. The "Modern Peking Opera Model Opera" solo in the previous stage can't be sung. At the beginning of this stage, Peking Opera once entered the stage of ignorance. Later, I just entered the recovery stage of traditional old operas and found some old operas to sing. Later, with the development of reform and opening up, "Modern Peking Opera Model Opera" can also be sung. This stage is a period of comprehensive and diversified development of Peking Opera. Traditional Peking Opera, in particular, recovered and developed fastest at this stage.
Since the reform and opening up in the early 1980s, China's cultural construction has been based on material culture, and art has been commercialized. With the development of TV technology, a large number of shoddy TV dramas appear, and vulgar "art" culture is full of cultural market. CCTV put several sketch actors on the stage, laughing and laughing, and the people all over the country went crazy. Is this the destination of 5,000 years of splendid civilization and culture? The number of Beijing opera fans has decreased greatly and it is difficult to increase; The professional team of Peking Opera has been greatly reduced; Peking Opera was once in trouble, which is a remarkable feature of this stage.
The sixth stage: from 2000 to 2005. In the new century, Chinese Peking Opera has returned to the status of national quintessence art.
2 1 century, the new party central Committee has realized the importance of a country's national spirit, and the promotion and revitalization of national culture can not be separated from the development of Beijing opera. Under the care of the CPC Central Committee, our Peking Opera has returned to the status of national quintessence art!
At this stage, Peking Opera has added a bunch of beautiful flowers, that is, our Internet Peking Opera, and our Peking Opera box office is one of them. "Popularize the hobby of Peking Opera and promote the quintessence of Chinese art.. Let's sing Beijing Opera and let the quintessence of Chinese culture be passed down from generation to generation "is the purpose of Beijing Opera box office. Let's unite, and Qi Xin will work together to proudly send away the quintessence of Peking Opera, which has experienced a hundred years of vicissitudes. Meet the quintessence of Peking Opera with confidence!