What is the pottery teapot in Ming Dynasty?

Most of the purple sand wares collected in the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty are imitations. According to documents, the production of teapots in Ming Dynasty was quite prosperous. In the book "Yangxian Tea Pot System" written by Gao Qi in Ming and Zhou Dynasties, it is recorded that many "famous pots" and "everyone" are famous craftsmen who make artifacts. Gong Chun, the most famous in Ming Dynasty, is also known as the "four schools" (namely HanDong, Zhao Liang and Chang Yuan) and the "three schools" (Shi Dabin, Li Zhongfang and Xu Youquan). Shi Dabin, a man in the late Ming Dynasty, was one of the "Big Three" at that time, and was also a famous craftsman who studied teapot in the Ming Dynasty. Shi Dabin has made great contributions to the development of purple sand technology. He not only made his own pot, but also trained many famous pot makers, and summarized the experience of predecessors, improved the method of "taking wood as the model", hammering, beating the blank in circles, or inlaying and molding with mud blocks.

catalogue

1 allusions

2 detailed description

Three characteristics

4 Ming Dynasty teapot craftsman

1 allusions

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Shi Dabin and Gong Chun are often juxtaposed in Ming and Qing literature. For example, Wen Zhenheng in Ming Dynasty said that "the pot is made of sand" and "the spring is the most expensive, and its shape is not bad. The small one is made by Shi Dabin, but it is too small to receive half a liter of water, which is more suitable for antique tea. " "The teapot used in the spring was made by Shi Dabin recently, which was very precious to people at that time. The lid is made of coarse sand, and the sand is taken without rustic ears. " "Recently, there are many famous people with small skills ... Gong Chun, Shi Dabin and other pots and bottles cost as much as two or three thousand yuan, and Gong Chun is precious, yellow and greasy, and gorgeous as jade ..." These records sum up Gong Chun and Shi Dabin's pot-making style, which also shows that Da Bin is a famous hand after Gong Chun, and their pot-making value is no less than that of the two. Unfortunately, there are few authentic products handed down from generation to generation.

2 detailed description

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At present, the Palace Museum has five "big guests" cultural relics.

Ming Dynasty Purple Pot

That is, the purple sand poem carving pot is 27.5 cm high, with purple sand body and small red "pomegranate skin". The words "the breeze on the river, the bright moon in the mountains" are engraved vertically on the ampulla, and the words "Ding Chou Nian, Da Bin" are engraved at the end of the text; Purple sand hexagonal pot, 6.5 cm high, red purple sand pot with yellow pear skin spots, pot bottom engraved with the words "Chen Jiachun Shi Dabin made"; Dark beige sand flat round pot, 4 cm high, with black pear skin spots on the body and the word "big guest" engraved on the bottom; Zisha cylindrical pot, about 13 cm high, with the word "Shi Dabin" engraved on the bottom; Beige glazed gable pen holder, length 13.7 cm. There are 17 characters on the sand bottom, engraved with the words "Looking at the sun in September before Wanli B's birthday, and making it in the Wanyushan room of the guest". There are four pieces of "Dabin" teapot, which were identified as imitations of the Qing Dynasty by old hospital experts in the past. Only "Dabin" Bishan was still collected in the Ming Dynasty. "Dabin" pot is a famous product in purple sand in Ming Dynasty. There were many imitations at that time and later, which brought some difficulties to identification. In recent decades, five Shi Dabin-style teapots have been unearthed from some tombs in the late Ming Dynasty in China, which provides a relatively reliable standard for identification. ① 1968 A hexagonal teapot named "Da Bin" was unearthed from Cao Shi's tomb in the forty-fourth year of Wanli in Dinggou Town, Jiangdu County. ② 1984 In the second year of Ming Chongzhen in Ganlu Township, Wuxi, a three-breasted "big guest" teapot was unearthed in the tomb of Hua Shiyi and his wife. ③ At the end of Kloc-0/986, a round teapot with "Dabin ancient style" engraved on its abdomen was unearthed from the late Ming tomb in Mianyang, Sichuan. ④ 1987 A covered teapot made by Shi Dabin was unearthed from the tomb of Lu Weizhen, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry in the thirty-eighth year of Wanli in Zhangpu County, Fujian Province, and a painted teapot made by Shi Dabin was unearthed in the thirteenth year of Chongzhen in Liulin Township, Yan 'an, Shaanxi Province.

Three characteristics

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The fragments of these "big guests" teapots have different shapes. The tires unearthed in Jiajing and Wanli are red, and the tires unearthed in Chongzhen Tomb are finer in color and workmanship than before, and some are engraved with simple words and sentences. The teapot unearthed in Zhangpu, Fujian and Liulin, Shaanxi has been exhibited in the Palace Museum of Mines. These two pots give people the impression that their shapes are simple and generous, and their tires are red but not delicate, which shows the charm of Ming-style purple sand ware. It is worth noting that Mr. Song once pointed out that some scientific excavations should be found as comparative models in the dating study of purple sand pottery, and taking the hexagonal pot unearthed in Dinggou Town, Jiangdu County as an example, five characteristics of the "big guest" pot were put forward:

(1) A dated tomb was unearthed. (2) There is the author's name "Dabin", and the word "Da" is skillful and a bit sluggish, and there is no seal under the name. (3) The tires of Ochre Theater contain small mud particles, so they are not smooth and moist. (4) spout, handle and spout are not "three-level" in shape. In order to increase the stability of the pot, the bottom of the spout is slightly higher than the handle. (5) The plain surface of the pot body has no ornamentation and inscription. The above points are scientific summaries. The overall impression of the big guest pot is exquisite from the carcass to the shape, which is completely different from the artistic style unearthed in the tombs of the Ming Dynasty.

4 Ming Dynasty teapot craftsman

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Monks in Jinsha Temple [1], Gong Chun, Zhao Liang, Li Maolin, Shi Dabin, Xu Youquan, Ou, Shao, Shao Gai, Chen Yongqing, Chen Xinqing, Min Lusheng, Chen Zhongmei, Chen Guangfu, Shen Junyong, Shao Ersun.