First, infectious factors.
The clinical manifestations of porcine infectious arthritis are joint swelling and walking of the affected limb. The main pathogens causing joint swelling are Streptococcus suis, erysipelas suis, Staphylococcus suis, Cysticercoma suis or Mycoplasma suis, Corynebacterium, Haemophilus suis and Haemophilus parasuis.
The above pathogens are all within the scope of infectious diseases, and antibiotics or sulfonamides must be used as soon as possible. However, when joint inflammation occurs, surgery is needed. For swine streptococcal arthritis, 1 fold vaccine can be injected 5 weeks and 2 weeks before sow delivery, which can increase the antibody in colostrum and play a certain preventive role. Erysipelas should be injected in pigs 3 weeks before delivery, and 1 time should be injected in piglets before weaning or before leaving the nursery. For pig mycosis, tylosin is added to feed for prevention and treatment.
Second, non-infectious factors.
1, malnutrition or malnutrition. Malnutrition or malnutrition mainly refers to lameness caused by imbalance or lack of calcium and phosphorus in feed and lack of minerals such as manganese and copper. Severe rickets, rickets and osteoporosis often occur in newly weaned piglets. When sows or fast-growing fattening pigs lack vitamin D in the third trimester of pregnancy, in addition to the same symptoms as calcium and phosphorus imbalance, they often limp. In severe cases, joint swelling, gait instability, tonic spasm, paralysis and paralysis often occur.
Selenium and vitamin E are essential nutrients for the growth and reproduction of livestock and poultry. The deficiency or absence of selenium and vitamin E will cause many diseases of livestock and poultry, mainly manifested as degeneration and necrosis of skeletal muscle, liver malnutrition and myocardial fibrosis. It causes muscular dystrophy (myopathy), liver dystrophy in piglets, mulberry heart's disease, myopathy, etc. Sufficient minerals should be supplied in the feed, especially to keep the proportion of calcium and phosphorus balanced. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus should be kept between 1: 1.2, and sufficient vitamins, especially vitamin D, should be supplied in the feed to ensure the B vitamins and vitamin E in the feed.
2. Feeding management and environmental sanitation factors. Pig's hoof rot is a disease characterized by skin and soft tissue rot and stench between hoofs, also known as hoof rot or toe rot. Piglets aged 3-6 months are mainly caused by poor sanitary conditions in dry pens. Pig's trotters are soaked in manure for a long time, and scratching, chasing, fighting and fighting are easy to cause trauma. Pathogens can enter deep tissues from wounds, causing infection, causing decay and, in severe cases, fracture. Wet fences and cold weather are the predisposing factors of the disease.
In prevention and control, firstly, improve the sanitation of pens and reduce the impact of stress. At the same time, sulfonamides or antibiotics, intramuscular injection of analgesic drugs or blocking treatment with procaine penicillin hydrochloride were given, and a sprained plaster was attached to the affected area. For excellent breeding pigs, once fracture and joint dislocation occur, fixed reduction should be carried out to prevent hematoma, lymphatic extravasation and inflammatory exudation.
3. Genetic factors. Lameness caused by congenital limb and hoof defects, too small inner toe, multi-toe, single toe, splayed leg (leg valgus), bent limb, straight leg and so on caused by genetic defects.
Preventive measures: First, eliminate breeding pigs with deformed offspring; The second is to prevent inbreeding. Because the limb diseases of foreign lean pigs are hereditary, it is required to choose pigs with strong physique and limbs when breeding and keeping seeds.
There are many reasons why pigs are lame. Only by strengthening feeding management, timely finding sick pigs, symptomatic treatment and comprehensive prevention and control can the losses be minimized.