Bronze, called gold or auspicious gold, is an alloy of copper and other chemical elements (tin, lead, etc.). The "bronze age" in history refers to the period when a large number of bronze tools and bronze ritual vessels were used. This period mainly lasted from Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Qin and Han Dynasties, and the time span was about 2, years. During this period, the ancients created an extremely splendid bronze civilization. 1. Si Muwu Ding (stepmother Wu Ding) is the heaviest bronze ware of Shang Dynasty
Si Muwu Ding was unearthed in an ancient tomb of Shang Dynasty in Yinxu, Anyang, Henan Province in 1939. It was a sacrificial vessel made by Zugeng or Zujia of Shang Dynasty to worship his mother Wu, and it was a masterpiece of bronze ware in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. National first-class cultural relics have been collected in the National Museum since 1959 as the treasure of the town hall.
The tripod body is 133cm high, 112cm long, 79.2cm wide and weighs 832.84kg. It is the heaviest single bronze ritual vessel found in ancient China. It was cast by Tao Fan method. In the late Shang Dynasty, it took at least 1,kg of raw materials to cast the Simuwu tripod weighing 832.84kg, and it was completed with the close cooperation of about 2 to 3 craftsmen, which is enough to reflect the Shang Dynasty. 2. Siyang Fangzun of Shang Dynasty
Siyang Fangzun was unearthed in 1938 on the mountainside of Zhuanlun, Yueshanpu, Huangcai Town, Ningxiang County, Hunan Province. It was a bronze ritual vessel and sacrificial supplies in the late Shang Dynasty. It ranks among the top ten national treasures handed down from ancient times and is collected in the National Museum of China.
The Four Sheep Square Statue is the largest bronze square statue of Shang Dynasty in China. It is 52.4 cm long on each side, 58.3 cm high and weighs 34.5 kg. It has a long neck, a high circle foot and a towering neck. The four sides are decorated with banana leaf patterns, triangular Kui Wen and animal face patterns. The center of the statue is the center of gravity. The four corners of the statue are made of a sheep, and the four corners of the shoulder are four rolled-angle sheep.
At the same time, Fang Zun's shoulder is decorated with a dragon pattern with claws and a high relief snake body. In the middle of the statue's four sides, that is, where two sheep are adjacent to each other, a pair of horned dragon heads lean out of the watch, winding from the right shoulder on each side of Fang Zun in the middle of the front house. The whole object was cast by block method, and it was ingenious in one go, showing a superb casting level, which was called "the ultimate bronze model" by historians. 3. bronze statue of a giant statue of a bronze statue of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a statue of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a statue of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a portrait of a bronze statue of a portrait of a portrait in Sanxingdui.
The bronze statue, with a height of 18 and a height of 26.8 cm, was unearthed in No.1 Sacrificial Pit of Sanxingdui Site. Weighing about 18 kilograms, it is the tallest and most complete bronze statue in existence. Known as the "king of bronze statues in the world." The statue is embedded and cast by subsection casting method, which is exquisite and delicate, and so far, it is unique in the archaeological history of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
The portrait of a bronze portrait with a vertical view, with a width of 138 and a height of 66 cm, comes from the No.2 Sacrificial Pit. Among the many bronze masks unearthed in Sanxingdui, the bronze vertical view mask is the most peculiar and imposing. 4. Mao Gongding's bronze ware with the most inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty
Duke Mao Tripod, a bronze ware cast by Mao Gongsuo in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, was unearthed in Qishan, Shaanxi Province (now Qishan County, Baoji City) in the 23rd year of Qing Daoguang, and was collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei, which is one of the three treasures in the town hall of the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
the tripod is 53.8cm high and 47.9cm in diameter. Round, with two ears, deep belly and external drum, three hooves and feet, and a heavy ring pattern along the mouth, the shape is dignified and steady.
The inscription in Dingnei is 499 words long, which records Mao Gong's heartfelt advice and suggestions to Zhou Xuanwang for the country, and is known as "an ancient book". His calligraphy is a mature style of bronze inscription in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which is fantastic, lively, muddy, round and vigorous, and long in structure. It is an important historical material for studying the political history of the late Western Zhou Dynasty. 5. Lotus Crane Square Pot in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty
Lotus Crane Square Pot, a bronze wine or water container in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, was unearthed in Zheng Gong's Tomb in Lijialou, Xinzheng, Henan Province in 1923. One was collected in the Bronze Museum of the Palace Museum in Beijing, and the other was collected in the Henan Museum. It was the first batch of cultural relics that were forbidden to go abroad (in the territory) in China.
The main part of this pot is a square pot shape popular since the late Western Zhou Dynasty. It has a lid, ears and a round foot, and its center of gravity is in the lower abdomen. It is decorated with various additional decorations all over the body and bottom of the pot, which not only causes extremely magnificent decorative effects, but also reflects the important changes in the aesthetic concept of bronze art in the Spring and Autumn Period. The production technique of Lotus Crane Square Pot is superb, and complicated techniques, such as split casting, round carving, bas-relief, fine carving and welding, are adopted. Many techniques have been lost and cannot be copied and imitated with the most advanced modern technology. 6. The Spring and Autumn Period of Gou Jianjian, the King of Yue
The Sword of Goujia, a bronze ware of the State of Yue in the late Spring and Autumn Period, was unearthed in Chu Tomb No.5, Mashan, Jiangling, Hubei. Also known as "the first sword in the world". Collection and Hubei Provincial Museum.
The sword is stainless for thousands of years because it is coated with a layer of .1 mm chromium. Through nondestructive scientific testing, its main alloy components are copper, tin, lead, iron, sulfur and so on. The pattern contains high sulfur, because copper sulfide can prevent rust. As early as 25 years ago, this anti-rust technology was amazing. Jian Tong is 55.7 cm high, 4.6 cm wide, 8.4 cm long and weighs 875 grams, which is extremely sharp. It is engraved with the words "I'm shallow, and I use it myself."
In 1983, the spear of Fu Cha, the king of Wu, was unearthed in another Chu tomb one kilometer away, and the inscription on it was exactly the same as this sword: "Fu Cha, the king of Wu, acted as a spear", which is now also collected in the Hubei Provincial Museum. 7. Zeng Houyi chimed in the Warring States Period
Zeng Houyi chimed in the bells, a cultural relic in the early Warring States Period. It was unearthed in Suixian County, Hubei Province (now Suizhou City) in 1978, and China was the first batch of cultural relics that were forbidden to go abroad.
The bell stand is in a rectangular shape, with a length of 11.83 meters, divided into upper, middle and lower floors. There are 65 chimes with a total weight of 2,5 kilograms. Its sound range spans five and a half octaves, and twelve semitones are complete. Each toggle bell and Yong bell can emit two syllables, forming a phenomenon of "two tones in one bell", which shows a harmonious relationship between size and three degrees, which is extremely rare in the history of world music. It is the largest and best preserved set of more than 4 sets of chimes unearthed in China, and it is also the most magnificent and exquisite large musical instrument in the history of China and even the whole world. Its superb casting technology and good musical performance have rewritten the history of world music and are called "rare treasures" by Chinese and foreign experts and scholars. 8. The bronze chariots and horses in Qin Dynasty
The bronze chariots and horses in Qin Dynasty is a large-scale model of the bronze chariots and horses buried with Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, which was unearthed in 198 on the west side of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum in Lintong, Shaanxi, China. It is the earliest discovered bronze chariot and horse with the largest body and the most complete preservation.
*** times, arranged in tandem. After restoration, it is about half the size of a real horse and consists of more than 7, parts. The production date is about the period of the mausoleum construction, that is, between 221 BC and 21 BC.
These two bronze chariots and horses were cast in advance, and then processed in detail, with a very high technological level. The diameter of copper wire used for tassels and chains on bronze horses is only about half a millimeter, while others are thinner. It is speculated that Tongche Horse Pit is a part of the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. It is of great historical value to the study of China's ancient chariot and horse system, carving art and smelting technology. It is a national treasure and a special cultural relic. 9. Changxin Palace Lantern Yi Deng in the Western Han Dynasty
Changxin Palace Lantern in the Western Han Dynasty, a bronze ware of the Han Dynasty in China, was unearthed in Mancheng County, Hebei Province in 1968 (on a cliff about 1.5 kilometers southwest of Mancheng County, Baoding City, Hebei Province), in the tomb of Dou [wǎn], the wife of Liu Sheng, the King of Zhongshan, and is now in the Hebei Provincial Museum.
The lamp body of the palace lantern is a lady-in-waiting who is gilded with gold and sits with the lamp in both hands, with a quiet and elegant expression. The lamp body is 48 cm high and weighs 15.85 kg. The design of Changxin Palace Lantern is very clever. The maid-in-waiting holds the lamp in one hand and the sleeve in the other seems to be sheltering from the wind. It is actually a rainbow tube to absorb oil smoke, which not only prevents air pollution, but also has aesthetic value. This palace lantern was named after it was once placed in Changxin Palace of Dou Taihou (Liu Sheng's grandmother). In 21, it was exhibited as an exhibit of the 21 Shanghai World Expo in China. 1. The bronze galloping horse (flying swallow on horse) is a tourist symbol of China in the Eastern Han Dynasty
The flying swallow on horse, also known as Ma Chaolongque, Copper galloping horse, crow on horse, eagle (harrier) grazing horse, flying falcon on horse, lingyun galloping horse, etc., is a bronze ware of the Eastern Han Dynasty and was unearthed in Leitai Han Tomb in Wuwei City, Gansu Province in 1969. Zhang, the military chief guarding Zhangye in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his wife were buried together in the tomb, which is now in the Gansu Provincial Museum.
"Ma Ta Fei Yan" is 34.5cm tall, 45cm long and 13cm wide. From the mechanical analysis, Ma Ta Fei Yan found the center of gravity for Fei Yan, which caused stability. Since it was unearthed, it has been regarded as a symbol of China's ancient superb casting industry.
In October, 1983, "Flying Swallows on Horse" was identified as a tourist symbol of China by the National Tourism Administration. In 1985, with the name of "Ma Chao Long Que", Tongbenma was identified by the National Tourism Administration as a graphic symbol of China's tourism industry, and it has been used ever since. In 1986, it was designated as a national treasure.