Gou jianjian
Bronze sword used by Gou Jian, the King of Yue in the late Spring and Autumn Period in China. 1965, 65438+ The Chu Tomb in jiangling county, Hubei Province was unearthed in February, and now it is in the Hubei Provincial Museum. The sword is 55.6 cm long and 5 cm wide. The body of the sword has black patterns and is made of copper and tin. On the front, there is an inscription "When the King of Yue was shallow, he used his sword at first sight" ("shallow dove" means "Goujian" and "first sight" means "left"). When the sword was unearthed, it was placed in a black lacquered scabbard. The body of the sword was bright, without rust, and thin and sharp. The casting process has reached a fairly high level.
spear
Cold weapon used for stabbing in ancient China. It consists of a gun head and a gun handle. The gun head is mostly made of metal, and the gun handle is mostly made of wood, bamboo and rattan, and there are also metal materials. Spears are generally 1.8-2.7 meters long, and some are more than 4 meters long. The spearhead is generally 40 cm long, and some reach more than 80 cm. Early spearheads were stones or animal bones. With the development of science and technology, bronze and iron spearheads appeared.
Wu Wang Fu Tea Spear is a bronze spear used by Wu Wang Fu Tea in the late Spring and Autumn Period in China. It was unearthed in the Chu Tomb in jiangling county, Hubei Province on June19831/2000, and only the spear head remains, which is now in the Hubei Provincial Museum. The spearhead is made of bronze, 29.5 cm long and 5.5 cm wide. The body of the sword has a black pattern and is made of copper and tin, and the words "Fu Cha, King of Wu, is for his own use" are engraved on the front. This spear has a sharp blade. The precision of its casting process is rare for similar weapons.
Axe (graupel)
Cold weapon used for chopping in ancient China. Consists of an axe body and an axe handle. An axe is made of stone, copper or iron, and its handle is made of wood. The shape of the graupel is similar to that of an axe, but the difference is that the graupel is thin and the blade is wide and round. As a symbol of military power, cymbals are mostly well-cast, and the faces of people or animals are carved on cymbals, giving people a deterrent.
The merchant's wife, Datongluo, was the wife of Wu Ding, the king of Shang Dynasty, and the earliest female general in ancient China. She led the army to conquer foreigners such as Yi, Qiang and Tu, and made outstanding achievements. 1976, four bronze cymbals were unearthed from Fu Hao's tomb in Yinxu, Anyang, Henan. One of them is 39.5 cm long, 37.5 cm wide and weighs 9 kg. The graupel is decorated with the tattoo of Shuang Hu's head and the inscription "Fu Hao". Shotgun is not a weapon in actual combat, but a symbol of the authority of a woman and a good commander.
Ji is a cold weapon used in ancient battles in China, which combines spear and attack energy. Consists of a halberd head and a halberd handle. The halberd head is made of metal, and the halberd handle is made of wood and bamboo. The longest halberd can reach more than 3 meters. It can not only stab, poke and pick, but also hook and peck. It is a sharp weapon used by infantry and cavalry. Early halberds were bronze halberds, and later with the development of science and technology, iron halberds appeared.
Knife is a cold weapon used in individual combat in ancient China. It consists of a knife body and a handle. The blade is long and narrow, thin and thick. The handle is either long or short. There are many kinds, including broadsword, broadsword and girdle sword, which are the main weapons of China ancient army. In the early days, it was a stone knife, and later it developed into a bronze knife, an iron knife and a steel knife.
"Knight of Dengzhou" saber used by Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese soldier in Ming Dynasty in China. The overall length is 89 cm, and the handle length is 16 cm. The upper part of the knife is engraved with the words "Ten Years of Wanli, Qijia in Dengzhou", indicating that this knife was cast in the tenth year of Wanli (1582) when Qi Jiguang was the general commander of Yuji Town.
Dagger is a short and sword-like cold weapon. It consists of a knife body and a handle. 20-30 cm long, divided into single blade and double blade. Dagger is short and easy to hide, and it has been one of the cold weapons used by the army since ancient times.
Cold weapon used for hooking and pecking in ancient China. It consists of a head and a handle. Most of the songs are cast in bronze. The handles are mostly made of bamboo and wood, and the length is usually around 1 m, and the longest is more than 3 meters. Ge prevailed from Shang Dynasty to Warring States Period. In the late Warring States period, there were more and more iron weapons, and bronze weapons were gradually eliminated, and they were extinct in the late Western Han Dynasty.
The crossbow is a long-range weapon in ancient China, which is equipped with a control device and can be fired when on standby. It consists of crossbow, crossbow arm and crossbow machine. The crossbow machine is made of bronze or iron, including teeth, cattle and hanging knives. The crossbow of the Han Dynasty has a bronze shell called Guo outside the crossbow machine, which can bear greater tension. In addition, Han Yi added a scale to "Looking Mountain" for aiming, which is equivalent to the scale of modern rifles, and improved the hit rate.
Bow and arrow is a long-range weapon with a sharp blade, which was fired with a bow in ancient China. Bow consists of elastic bow arm and flexible bow string; Arrows include arrows, shafts and feathers. Arrows are made of copper or iron, stems are made of bamboo or wood, and feathers are carved or eagle hair. It is one of the important weapons used by China's ancient army.
Chariots used for fighting in ancient China. Generally, it is a single chariot (axle), two wheels, square cart (carriage), driving four horses or two horses. There are three soldiers in the car, the middle one is the driver, and the left and right are responsible for fighting. There are many kinds of cars, light cars, dull cars and electric cars. Chariots were first used in the Battle of Gan commanded by Wang. Since then, the scale of the war has become larger and larger, and the chariot has become the main force of the war and the standard to measure the strength of a country. In the Spring and Autumn Period, "the country of a thousand riders" and "the country of a thousand riders" appeared. In the Han dynasty, with the rise of cavalry, chariots gradually withdrew from the war stage.
No.1 Copper Car of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum 1980 Two large painted copper cars were unearthed in the west of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in Lintong, Shaanxi. The first car in front is a two-wheeled single-axle structure, and four horses are driven in front. The rail is a transverse rectangle with a width of 126 cm and a depth of 70 cm. There are fences on the front and sides, and there are doors for getting on and off at the back. A shield is placed on the right side of the vehicle, and a copper crossbow and arrow are hung in front of the vehicle. There is a round umbrella on the bus, and a bronze official statue with a height of 9 1 cm stands under the umbrella. Its name is Li Che, also called Rong Che and Gao Che. When riding, it stands on the car.
Hand-held protective weapons used by ancient armies in China. The shape is rectangular, trapezoidal or circular. The material is leather, wood, rattan or metal. The big shield is about 1 m high and 60-80 cm wide. The small shield is about 60 cm high and 40 cm wide.
Armor is a protective weapon worn by soldiers in ancient China. It consists of an armor body, an armor skirt and an armor sleeve. The armor skirt and the armor sleeves can stretch up and down, which is convenient for fighting. Originally made of rattan and leather, with the development of science and technology, bronze and armor appeared, which can effectively defend against the attack of bronze and armor weapons.
Metal tube firearms in China in Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. It consists of muzzle, powder chamber and tail. When in use, the detonating cord drawn from the medicine chamber is ignited, and the gunpowder in the medicine chamber is ignited, and the stone bullets or iron blocks pre-installed in the front chamber are ejected by the explosive force of the gunpowder gas, killing the enemy. This device is the first generation metal tubular shooting firearm in Proterozoic in China. Made of copper and iron, it appeared at the latest in the Yuan Dynasty (about 65438+the beginning of the 4th century) and was widely used in naval warfare and land warfare. Firearms used in wartime include: single-barrel spear, multi-barrel three-eye large-caliber short gun, five-row spear, seven-star spear, ten-eye spear and large-caliber bowl spear (caliber 100- 120mm).
China artillery in the middle of Ming Dynasty. Consists of a mother spear and a child spear. The female spear has a slender barrel and a small caliber. The spear is equipped with a sight and a camera door, which can aim and shoot at long-distance targets. There are gun ears on both sides of the gun body. You can put the gun body on the bracket and adjust the shooting angle by pitching. The back of the spear is thick, and there is a long hole and slot for holding the spear. A sub-spear is similar to a small spear. Each female spear is equipped with 5 to 9 Zhi Zi spears, which can be pre-loaded with ammunition. In the battle, the spears are loaded and fired in turn to improve the firing speed. French machines were invented in Europe. In the first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1522), it was introduced into China from Portugal, and it was called "French Machine" according to the country name. In the third year of Jiajing (1524), the Ming court successfully copied the first batch of 32 French patent machines, each weighing about 300 Jin, with a female spear 2.85 feet long and four sub-spears. Later, the Ming court successively copied French machines of various sizes and models, and equipped them with northern and coastal troops.
Birch China's general term for matchlock and flintlock in the late Ming Dynasty. It consists of a barrel, a powder pool, a bolt, a sight and a gun handle. When in use, the pre-burning matchrope is used to pull the bolt to drive the matchrope to ignite the compacted gunpowder in the gunpowder pool, and the lead bullet in the barrel is shot out by the explosive force of the gunpowder gas to kill the enemy. Chicken gizzards were invented in Europe. During Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, Rumi (now translated as rum, located in present-day Turkey) was introduced into China, and was later copied by Ming Dynasty. The original imitations of bird spears are front loading, sliding chamber and matchrope, which is the embryonic form of modern rifles. The caliber is about 9- 13mm, the barrel length is 1- 1.5m, the total gun length is 1.3-2m, and the weight is 2-4kg. With a weight of 3- 1 1g and a range of 150-300m, it was once one of the main light weapons of the Ming and Qing armies.