Bian Xiao made an inquiry through the architectural knowledge column of the construction industry encyclopedia website Construction Network, and sorted out the relevant information of building culverts. The basic contents are as follows:
Culvert refers to a drainage tunnel (water passage) built under the road surface in order to make the road pass through the canal smoothly and not hinder the traffic. With this structure, water can flow under the road surface.
Basic investigation of building culverts;
Culverts can be divided into many types according to different standards. According to building materials, it can be divided into brick culvert, stone culvert, concrete culvert and reinforced concrete culvert; According to the structural form, culverts can be divided into circular tube culvert, arch culvert, slab culvert and box culvert. According to the different classification of filling conditions, culverts can be divided into open culverts and concealed culverts. Open culvert means that there is no fill at the top of the cave, which is suitable for low embankment and shallow ditch. There is fill at the top of culvert, and the minimum thickness of fill should be more than 50cm, which is suitable for high embankment and deep ditch. According to the classification of hydraulic performance, culverts can be divided into pressureless culverts, semi-pressure culverts and pressure culverts. An unpressurized culvert refers to a culvert where the water level at the entrance is lower than the upper edge of the entrance and the water level does not touch the top of the entrance within the whole length of the entrance. Semi-confined culvert refers to a culvert with the water level at the entrance higher than the upper edge of the entrance and the head pressure at the top of the entrance. Inlet and outlet water of pressure culvert, full-face drainage of culvert.
Cave structure
Circular pipe culvert
Circular pipe culvert consists of two parts: the hole body and the mouth of the cave. The tunnel body is the main body of the water passage, which is mainly composed of pipe body, foundation and joint. The entrance of the cave is the connection part of the tunnel body, subgrade and water flow, which mainly has two forms: splayed wall and straight wall.
The pipe body of circular pipe culvert usually adopts reinforced concrete, and the pipe diameters are generally 0.75m, 1m, 1.25m, 1.5m, 2m, etc. The pipe diameter is selected according to the drainage requirements, and prefabricated installation is mostly adopted, and the prefabricated length is generally 2m. When the pipe diameter is 0.5 m or 0.75 m, single-layer reinforcement shall be used, and when the aperture is above 1 m and 1 m, the wall thickness shall be not less than 6 cm when the pipe diameter is 0.5 m, not less than 8 cm when the pipe diameter is 0.75 m, and not less than 10 cm when the pipe diameter is125m. ..
Arch culvert
Arch culvert refers to the culvert whose top is arched. Generally, the overload potential is great, and the masonry technology is easy to master, which is convenient for people to build. This is a common form of culvert.
Arch culvert structure consists of tunnel body, entrance end wall, wing wall and entrance paving. The cave is divided into three parts: arch ring, side wall (with double holes and middle pier) and foundation. Generally, the arch ring adopts an arc with equal cross section, with a minimum thickness of 40 cm. Side walls and middle piers are used to support arch rings. The inner side of the side wall is vertical, and the outer side is provided with a slope to adapt to the larger horizontal force of the arch foot. Foundation is generally divided into one type or split type according to the pore size; Generally, the whole tunnel body is not made into a whole, but the tunnel body is divided into several culvert sections by settlement joints to adapt to the irregular fracture caused by uneven settlement caused by different basement stresses. End walls and wing walls are set at the entrance and exit of the arch culvert to ensure the smooth entry of water into the tunnel, prevent erosion and leakage, and maintain the stability of the embankment. In addition, in order to prevent the erosion of the entrance foundation and embankment, the trench bed in a certain range should also be paved and strengthened.
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