It is necessary to adopt the feeding method of low pregnancy (low nutrition feed during pregnancy) and high lactation (high nutrition during lactation).
The feeding goal of lactating sows is to increase the number of weaned piglets and the weight of weaned litter; The second is to maintain the normal body condition of sows during lactation, that is, the weight loss of sows should not exceed 12 kg at 28 days after weaning (the weight loss should be 12~ 15% of postpartum weight). Excessive weightlessness will prolong the estrus time after weaning, and will also lead to a decrease in the number of litters, with serious consequences. Therefore, feeding strategies must be adopted around the above goals.
Improve feed intake reasonably: In order to maximize the feed intake of sows, the following measures can be taken respectively: First, feed freely and feed indefinitely. That is, starting from 3 days after delivery, gradually increase the intake, and realize free intake after 7 days; The second is to feed less and feed more, four to eight times a day. The third is interval feeding, and cold feeding at intervals in the morning and evening, which fully stimulates the appetite of sows and increases the feed intake. No matter what kind of feeding method, we should pay attention to ensure the freshness and hygiene of the feed to avoid mildew and deterioration of the feed. In order to increase palatability, wet mixing method can be used.
Adequate supply of clean water: There is a great demand for drinking water for lactating sows in summer. Therefore, the drinking water of sows should be kept smooth. If it is trough drinking water, always fill it with clear water. If it is an automatic drinking machine, it should be observed and checked frequently to ensure unimpeded flow, and the flow rate and velocity of water should reach a certain level. Drinking water should be clean and conform to hygiene standards. Insufficient or unclean drinking water will affect the feed intake and digestive and lactation functions of sows.
Strengthen temperature control: We can prevent heatstroke and cool down by installing rain curtain, ventilator, shading cloth, feeding watermelon peel and clearing away heat with traditional Chinese medicine.
Sows should be fed with dilute feed for the first 5 days after delivery, and the feeding amount will gradually increase after 2~3 days. After 5~7 days, feed with wet feed and feed at normal amount. Generally, on the basis of feeding during pregnancy, about 0.4kg of feed is added to each piglet. Three meals a day.
3~5 days before weaning, gradually reduce the feeding amount and pay attention to breast expansion. If the swelling is large, reduce the amount of feed to prevent mastitis.
Management: cold and heatstroke prevention. Pay attention to the unified use of nipples. When the number of piglets is less than the number of nipples, it is necessary to train piglets to eat several nipples, especially the nipple at the back, otherwise the nipple at the back will shrink and lose its function in the future.
Formula: corn 60.6%, wheat 5. 1%, rice 3.0%, fine bran 2.0%, soybean meal 17%, fish meal 5.4%, bran 3.0%, 65438+ dicalcium phosphate 0.0%, limestone powder 0.6% and salt 0.3%. Our formula contains DE 32,300 calories /kg, CP 17.5 1%, CF4.2%, calcium 0.75%, phosphorus 0.62%, lysine 0.86% and egg+cysteine protease inhibitor 0.56%.
Breeding of piglets
In the life of a pig, the growth and development of piglets are the fastest and the feed utilization efficiency is the highest. If piglets are well raised and there are many surviving piglets, the annual output of sows will be high. After weaning piglets, the growth rate of fattening pigs will be faster, the fattening period will be shortened, the elimination rate will be improved, and the production cost of commercial pigs will be lower.
2. Feeding management of suckling piglets
(1) Physiological characteristics of suckling piglets: suckling piglets have the following characteristics: ① fast growth and vigorous metabolism; ② The digestive organs are underdeveloped and the function of digestive glands is not perfect; (3) Lack of innate immunity and susceptibility to illness; ④ The ability to regulate body temperature is poor and cold.
(2) Main measures
1. Fix the nipple and pass the neonatal pass: fix the nipple within 2~3 days after birth. And make sure that each head eats colostrum well. The daily feeding times of piglets are 26 times in the first week, 20 times in the second week, 0/9 times in the third week and 26 times in the fourth week. Breastfeeding every 20-40 minutes. The lactation time of sows is about 15-20 seconds at first, and 5-6 seconds at 2-3 weeks.
The gastric volume of newborn piglets is 30-40 ml, which increases nearly 20 times at the age of 60 days, with an average daily increase of more than 10ml. The gastric emptying rate of suckling pigs is 1.5h at 3- 15 days, 3-5h at 30 days and 16- 19h at 60 days.
2. Strengthen heat preservation to prevent freezing pressure: the optimum temperature for suckling piglets is 1-3 days old 30-320C, 4-7 days old 28-300C, 15-30 days old 22-250C, 2-3 months old 220C, to prevent crushing piglets: according to the maternal quality of sows.
3. Strengthen the breeding of sows: buy piglet feed for sows and try to make sows produce more milk.
4. If the postpartum hypogalactia of sow is insufficient, or the sow gets sick or dies after delivery, or the sow gives birth too much, the method of artificial lactation can be adopted first:
The premise of artificial breastfeeding is to ensure that newborn piglets eat colostrum first. Colostrum is light yellow milk secreted by sows 5 ~ 7 days after delivery, which plays a particularly important physiological role in newborn piglets.
The raw material of artificial lactation can be infant milk powder or milk, and goat milk is often used in rural areas with many goats. Bottles can be used as utensils. The feeding frequency depends on the actual needs of piglets, not on machinery. The feeding amount at a time is determined by the pig's not taking the initiative to suck.
① Nutritional components of artificial milk The nutritional components of artificial milk should be similar to breast milk. Pig milk is generally rich in fat, and protein is relatively less, so it is a kind of nutrition with high energy and low protein. Considering the needs of piglets for minerals, trace elements and vitamins, the crude protein content in the prepared artificial milk should not be too high, which is generally 16% ~ 20%.
② Preparation of Artificial Milk This paper introduces the formula of artificial milk prepared by Dong Zhaosheng of Grassland Station of fengcheng city Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau:
Formula 1: 1000 ml of milk or goat's milk (if milk powder is used, milk can be made by adding water at the ratio of 1: 9), 5 ml of mineral mixture (3.9 g of copper sulfate, 3.9 g of manganese chloride, 0.26 g of potassium iodide, 50 mg of ferrous sulfate, and water100) .
Formula 2: Milk or goat's milk (if milk powder is used, milk can be made by adding water at the ratio of 1: 9), appropriate amount of minerals and trace elements, 50g of eggs, 20g of glucose, 5g of agar, 1.5g of salt, appropriate amount of vitamins, 50mg of olaquindox and other antibiotics.
The above two artificial milk formulas are suitable for 10 ~ 15 day-old piglets. When preparing, first add the eggs into a small amount of milk and stir well, at the same time add other ingredients. After stirring, they were bottled and stoppered, heated to 60 ~ 65℃ for about 65438 0 hours, and fed when cooled to 40℃.
(3) Feeding artificial milk To feed artificial milk to piglets, first teach piglets to suck nipples, and then feed them to shallow pots or trough pots. Feed it 6 ~ 8 times a day. After 10 ~ 15 days old, rice soup, flour, fish meal, bean cake powder, yeast powder, etc. Can be gradually added to artificial milk. After 20 days of age, it can be completely fed with plant feed, and it can be weaned at 30 days of age to provide feed for weaned piglets. Feed regularly and quantitatively, feed less and pay attention to cleanliness.
You can also add some infant formula to milk, then mix it with 1/3 warm water (too thick to digest easily), and add two multi-enzyme tablets for human use once a day, 1_2 hours. Pay attention to the digestion and appetite of feces, don't be thin and thick, use more, or use less; Feed some citric acid syrup or sweet and sour water (suckling pigs lack stomach acid).
Attachment: Pig milk contains dry matter 19.6%, protein 5.8%, fat 8.5%, lactose 4.8%, ash 0.85%, calcium 0.252% and phosphorus 0. 17 1%.
The second is to find a nanny pig to feed.
3. Prevention of piglet anemia: If it is 7 days after birth, or 7 days after birth, it is best to inject 2-3 ml of iron and cobalt needles into each head, and take advantage of the characteristics of itchy gums and gnawing hard objects to buy some piglet feed. If you don't eat it at that time, you must learn to eat it after 13 days, and make up the feed as soon as possible. This is the key to raising piglets. In addition to iron and copper to prevent anemia, there are drugs to prevent and treat pullorum disease in piglets. Anemia and dysentery are the main causes of growth and death of piglets. Iron injection: for example, erythropoietin from Britain, Fuxuelai from Canada, erythropoietin from Guangxi, iron dextran from Shanghai and iron cobalt dextran mixture from Wenzhou. Inject 100- 150 mg on the first day after birth, and inject 1 time at 2 weeks old.
The fourth is to prevent diarrhea. Keep warm, pay attention to hygiene, and stop injecting swine dysentery.
Fifth, it is difficult for suckling pigs without breast milk to be fed alive:-sows don't eat the first bite of milk, and there are disease-resistant substances in the first bite, so they should eat as much as possible; Second, it is easy to lack iron and needs iron supplementation; Third, it can't be digested by artificial milk, so it is necessary to add multi-enzyme tablets and acidic preparations, otherwise it is easy to suffer from yellow dysentery and white dysentery, and two injections are needed to prevent dysentery.
Sixth, grasp the food and do a good job of supplementary feeding: learn to eat suckling pig feed in 7- 10 days, and it will be no problem in two weeks.
3. Feeding and management of weaned piglets
Weaning time: 3-8 weeks 60 days old.
Weaned piglets usually reduce their feed intake. The recent research shows that if the weaned piglets feed normally and gain weight 1 kg within 1 week after weaning, they can reach the slaughter weight 15 days earlier than the pigs who can only maintain their weight within1week after weaning because of insufficient feeding. The reason of low feed intake is still the physiological abnormality caused by weaning stress. Therefore, early weaned piglets have special requirements for feed.
The feed for early weaned piglets should be easy to digest and have high digestibility. Eating high digestibility diet within 7 ~ 10 days after weaning can keep the total daily intake at a low level, which can not only meet the nutritional needs of piglets, but also prevent diarrhea caused by excessive gastrointestinal burden of piglets. Therefore, we must first find ways to improve the energy level and lysine level of feed. At the same time, because soybean meal contains antigenic substances, diarrhea can be alleviated by reducing the level of crude protein in the diet. In the choice of raw materials, corn, fish meal, spray-dried blood meal and a part of soybean meal can be selected. Some dairy products can also be used if conditions permit, and acidifiers such as citric acid can also help piglets digest.
Feeding of weaned piglets: Due to the sudden change of living conditions after weaning, piglets often lose appetite, gain weight slowly or even lose weight, especially those fed late. In order to have a good weaning pass, it is necessary to maintain and transition the feed, feeding system and living environment. That is to maintain the original feed in the original circle, so as to realize the gradual transition of feed, feeding system and environmental conditions.
Feed transition: keep the original feed unchanged for half a month after weaning, so as not to affect appetite and cause diseases. For weaned piglets imported from outside, it is best to buy back some raw feed and then gradually change the feed. Weaned piglets are in the growth stage of rapid physical development, and need a diet rich in protein, high energy, vitamins and minerals. Feed with high crude fiber content should be restricted, and attention should be paid to the supplement of additives.
Feeding system transition: within half a month after weaning, the daily feeding frequency is more than that during lactation 1 ~ 2 times. This is mainly to feed the night meal and prevent the piglets from being upset because of hunger. Feeding at one time should not be too much, so that piglets can maintain a strong appetite.
After piglets eat a lot of feed, they should supply clean drinking water to avoid diarrhea caused by drinking sewage or urine.
Environmental transformation: A few days before weaning, piglets often show mental anxiety, chirp and look for sows. In order to alleviate the anxiety of piglets, it is best to keep the piglets in the original circle and not to mix groups and nests. Half a month after weaning, when the performance of piglets is basically stable, then adjust the circle and nest. Circles should be grouped according to gender, individual size, eating speed, etc. Let the weaned piglets keep enough exercise time outside the pen house. The pen house should be clean, dry, warm in winter and cool in summer, and set in a fixed place for excretion.
Adding antibiotics: add 2.5 mg of flavomycin and 50 mg of oxytetracycline to each kilogram of feed to prevent diseases and promote growth.
Application of trace elements: Trace elements have a great influence on the growth and development of piglets and can obviously promote growth. Add 540mg of copper sulfate, 564mg of ferrous sulfate, 570mg of zinc sulfate, 80mg of manganese sulfate, 0.66mg of potassium iodide, 0/./kloc-0.5mg of sodium selenite and 0/.2mg of cobalt chloride to each kilogram of material.
Management of weaned piglets
To create a comfortable small environment, weaned piglets must be sunny, temperature appropriate, clean and dry. Piglets should be thoroughly cleaned, disinfected and covered with padding before entering the pigsty to create a comfortable environment for weaned piglets.
There is enough floor space and food trough. If the piglet population is too large or the area occupied by each piglet is too small, if there are not many feeding troughs, piglets will easily fight with each other, resulting in insufficient rest and insufficient feed intake, thus affecting the development of piglets. The average area of each weaned piglet is 0.5~0.8m2, which is generally suitable for each group 10m2.
Cold-proof and heat preservation The climate in northern winter and early spring is cold, and piglets are particularly afraid of cold. They often lie together and squeeze each other, which is easy to crush piglets and get sick, which seriously affects the growth and development of piglets. Therefore, we must pay attention to the cold-proof measures of pens, and if possible, we can build warm pens and plastic greenhouses to feed weaned piglets.