2 Risk analysis
2. 1 project overview
2.2 Hazard sources
According to the characteristics of the projects, the projects undertaken mainly include mechanical equipment, electric welding, aerial work and other engineering construction. Possible production safety accidents with significant risk factors include falling accidents, electric shock accidents, collapse accidents, electric welding accidents, vehicle fire accidents, traffic safety accidents, fire and explosion accidents and mechanical injury accidents.
3 emergency organization and responsibilities
3. 1 emergency rescue leading group and its responsibilities
(1) The project manager is the first responsible person of the emergency rescue leading group, and serves as the group leader, responsible for the command of emergency response. Members are composed of business manager, production manager, project secretary, chief engineer and electromechanical manager. The Minister of Safety Supervision is the first executor of emergency rescue, as the deputy head, responsible for the specific implementation and organization of emergency response.
(2) The production manager is the second person in charge of the collapse accident emergency team, the electromechanical manager is the second person in charge of the electric shock accident emergency team, and the site manager is the second person in charge of the emergency of large scaffolding and falling accidents, electric welding injuries, vehicle fires, traffic accidents, fire explosions and mechanical injuries, and is responsible for the coordination of the corresponding accident rescue organization and accident investigation respectively.
3.2 The emergency response team consists of institutions and responsibilities.
(1) emergency rescue team: the team leader is the project manager, and the members are the safety director, the site manager, the electromechanical manager, the project engineer and the heads of the project team and subcontractors.
The main responsibilities are: organizing the implementation of the rescue action plan and coordinating the rescue actions of relevant departments; Report the progress of emergency rescue to the headquarters in time.
(2) Security team: the team leader is the project secretary, and the members are composed of the project administration department and the economic police.
The main duties are to guard the scene of the accident, prevent non-emergency rescuers from entering the scene, clean up the vehicles on the scene, maintain public order and protect the personal safety of emergency rescuers.
(3) Logistics Support Department: the team leader is the project secretary, and the members are composed of ministry of materials and equipment, Administration Department, Contract Department and canteen.
Main responsibilities are: responsible for mobilizing emergency equipment and equipment; Responsible for solving the accommodation problems of all rescuers.
(4) Medical rescue team: the team leader is composed of doctors from the project health center, and the members are composed of nurses from the health center and the rescue team.
The main responsibilities are: responsible for the rescue of the wounded on site.
(5) Aftercare team: the team leader is the project manager, and the members are composed of the project leading group.
The main responsibilities are: to be responsible for appeasing the families of the victims, coordinating the implementation of the pension for the families of the victims and the hospitalization expenses for the injured; Do other aftermath.
(6) Accident investigation team: the team leader is the project manager and the leader of the responsible department of the company, and the members are the project safety minister, relevant departments of the company and relevant technical experts of the company.
The main responsibilities are: to be responsible for the protection of the accident site and drawing mapping, to find out the cause of the accident, to identify the nature of the incident, to put forward countermeasures, and to put forward handling opinions to the person responsible for the accident if it is identified as an accident.
4 Prevention and early warning
4. 1 prevention
4. 1. 1 Preventive measures to prevent falling from a height
(1) Strengthen self-protection awareness education and use management of safety protection articles.
(2) For key parts of the project, strictly implement the on-site supervision system of safety management professionals.
(3) With the construction progress, all kinds of safety protection facilities should be improved in time, and warning signs must be set for all kinds of shaft safety fences.
(4) All kinds of scaffolding and vertical transportation equipment are forbidden to be used without acceptance.
(5) Safety professionals should strengthen the inspection of safety protection facilities and solve hidden dangers in time.
4. 1.2 Prevention measures for fire and explosion accidents
Each construction site should make plans according to the specific conditions of its own construction projects, and establish various fire safety systems and operating procedures for safe construction.
(1) According to the specific conditions of construction, formulate fire control plans, establish and improve various fire control safety systems, and strictly abide by various operating procedures.
(2) Paint, thinner and other inflammable and explosive articles shall not be stored in the construction site.
(3) The construction unit shall not set a seasoning room in the project, and shall not mix paint in the project.
(4) Smoking is strictly prohibited on the construction site. When using all kinds of open flames, a hot card shall be issued and supervised by designated personnel.
(5) The job site shall be equipped with sufficient fire-fighting equipment.
(6) During the construction period, the use of all kinds of open flames in the project shall be approved by the fire department of the project management department of the construction unit, and sufficient fire extinguishing materials and equipment shall be provided.
(7) It is forbidden to store oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders on the construction site.
(8) During construction, the distance between oxygen cylinder and acetylene cylinder and hot work point shall be10m, and the distance between oxygen cylinder and acetylene cylinder shall be more than 5m.
(9) When conducting electric and gas welding operations, a hot certificate must be obtained, and it shall be supervised by designated personnel. The construction site should be equipped with sufficient fire fighting equipment.
(10) The operator must hold the work permit, and go to the relevant personnel of the project management department to handle the hot work permit, and clean up the inflammable and explosive articles in the operation area as required, and take sealing measures for the holes that may splash and generate sparks.
4. 1.3 preventive measures for electric shock accidents
(1) insist that electrical professionals hold relevant certificates, and non-electrical professionals are not allowed to replace or repair any electrical components.
(2) Establish a temporary electricity utilization inspection system, conduct inspection and irregular spot checks on various lines and facilities on site according to the regulations on temporary electricity utilization management, and archive the inspection and spot check records.
(3) Inspection and operation personnel must wear insulating rubber shoes and insulating gloves as required; Insulating tools special for electricians must be used.
(4) Temporary distribution lines must be erected according to specifications, and overhead lines must be insulated wires, not plastic cords, not bundled overhead laying, and not exposed along the ground.
(5) The erection and use of temporary electricity on the construction site must conform to the Technical Specification for Safety of Temporary Electricity on the Construction Site (JGJ46-88).
(6) Construction machinery, vehicles and personnel should keep a safe distance from the line. When the specified minimum distance cannot be reached, reliable protective measures must be taken.
(7) The distribution system must be graded. The internal settings of all switch boxes on site must comply with relevant regulations, the electrical appliances in the box must be reliable and intact, their selection and setting values should comply with relevant regulations, and the switch electrical appliances should indicate their purposes. The electrical system in the switch box should have a unified style and configuration, the box should be painted orange, and fences and protective sheds should be set up according to regulations. The connection between the flow box and the switch box at the next higher level shall adopt external coating (all electrical boxes must use products approved by the designated manufacturer).
(8) All distribution boxes on the construction site shall be marked with the box name, the name, number and purpose of each control line.
(9) Cables and wires in distribution lines, distribution boxes and switch boxes shall be well insulated from the ground, and there shall be no hidden dangers such as damage, serious injury, elevator exposure, wire extrusion, corrosion and electric leakage. Prevent unexpected accidents.
(10) Independent distribution system must adopt three-phase five-wire neutral point protection system, and dependent system can adopt corresponding neutral point protection or grounding protection mode according to the actual situation on site. The metal shell, metal bracket and base of all kinds of electrical equipment and electric power construction machinery must adopt reliable zero connection or grounding protection according to regulations.
(1 1) At the same time, two-stage leakage protection devices must be set up, and graded protection shall be implemented to form a complete protection system. The selection of leakage protection device should comply with the regulations.
(12) In order to ensure uninterrupted lighting in emergencies such as fire, the power switch and lighting switch in the distribution box must be used separately.
(13) The switch box is distributed by the distribution box. Note that one switch cannot control more than two appliances with one switch, and each appliance must have its own switch box. It is forbidden to control more than two electrical appliances (including sockets) with one switch to ensure safety.
(14) There should be enough space and passages around the distribution box and switch box for two people to work at the same time. Don't pile up building materials and sundries beside the box.
(15) Lightning protection devices must be installed in all kinds of tall facilities according to regulations.
(16) The distance between the distribution box and the switch box shall not exceed 30m, and the distance between the switch box and the electrical equipment it controls shall not exceed 3m.
(17) The use of electric tools shall comply with the relevant provisions of national standards. The power cord, plug and socket of tools shall be intact, and the power cord shall not be extended or replaced at will. The external insulation of tools shall be intact, and a special person shall be responsible for maintenance and custody.
(18) 220V power supply is generally used for construction site lighting. During structural construction, pipes should be embedded in roof construction, and temporary lighting and power supply should be wired through pipes. Lamps and lanterns must be installed according to regulations, and leakage protectors should be installed on the power supply side.
(19) The welding machine shall have a separate switch. The shell of electric welding machine should be protected by zero connection or grounding. All electric welding machines used in the construction site must be equipped with electric shock protectors. Wiring should be firmly crimped and a reliable protective cover should be installed. Electrode holder wire should be in place with double wires, and metal pipes, metal scaffolding, rails and structural steel bars should not be used as loop grounding wires. Handle wire is undamaged and has good insulation. The setting point of electric welding machine should be moisture-proof, rain-proof and smash-proof.
4.2 Information report
(1) The accident discoverer shall immediately report to the team leader (deputy team leader). If it is a fire accident, you must call 1 19 at the same time, and call 120 and 999 for first aid.
(2) After receiving the alarm, the team leader shall notify the deputy team leader and team members, and immediately start the emergency rescue system.
(3) According to the accident category, report to the competent government department where the accident occurred.
(4) The report shall include the following contents:
-The time, category, location and related facilities of the accident;
-Name and telephone number of the contact person;
5 emergency response
5. 1 Emergency treatment of large scaffolding and falling accidents from high places
5. 1. 1 Emergency measures for large scaffolding with signs of deformation accidents
(1) Local deformation of scaffold caused by foundation settlement. On the cross section of the double bent frame, a figure of eight or bracing is arranged, and a group of vertical rods are arranged every other row until the deformation zone is discharged. Eight-legged or scissors waste must be placed on a solid and reliable foundation.
(2) If the deflection of the cantilever steel beam rooted by the scaffold exceeds the specified value, the rear anchorage point of the cantilever steel beam should be reinforced, and the steel support and U-shaped bracket should be used to tighten the steel beam to make it stand against the roof. There is a gap between the embedded reinforcing ring and the steel beam, which must be tightened with a horse wedge. Check the wire ropes hanging at the outer ends of steel beams one by one, and tighten them all to ensure uniform stress.
(3) If the scaffold unloading system is damaged locally, it shall be repaired immediately according to the unloading method formulated in the original scheme, and the deformed parts and bars shall be corrected. For correcting the outward deformation of scaffolding, first set a 5t chain block for each bay, tighten it with the structure, loosen the rigid pull contact, and at the same time tighten the chain block inward at each point until the deformation is corrected, and do a good job in rigid pull connection, tighten the steel wire rope at each unloading point to make it uniformly stressed, and finally release the chain block.
5. 1.2 Emergency measures for collapse and casualties caused by instability of large scaffolding
(1) Quickly determine the exact location of the accident, the possible spread range, the damage degree of scaffolding, casualties, etc. , so that it can be handled according to different situations.
(2) Designate a specific area of the accident, and non-rescuers are not allowed to enter the specific area without permission. Quickly verify the number of workers on scaffolding. If someone is pinned down by a collapsed scaffold, take reliable measures to reinforce the surrounding area immediately, and then remove or cut off the crossbar that pins the injured person and remove the injured person. If the scaffold is too heavy, you can slowly lift it with a crane to save people. If there are no casualties, immediately implement scaffolding reinforcement or removal and other treatment measures. The above actions must be arranged by experienced security personnel and scaffolders.
5. 1.3 rescue measures for falling accident from a height
(1) First of all, according to the injured position, the rescuers immediately organized rescue to help the injured get out of the dangerous environment quickly and send them to the hospital for treatment to protect the scene. Check whether there are other dangers around the scene of the accident.
(2) While rescuing the wounded, report the accident scene to the superior quickly.
(3) Treatment of several situations when rescuing the wounded:
-If it is confirmed that the person has died, protect the scene immediately.
-In case of coma, visceral injury, fracture and massive blood loss: ① Contact120,999 ambulance or the nearest hospital immediately and explain the injury. In order to obtain the best rescue effect, it can also be sent to a specialized hospital according to the injury. ② Traumatic bleeding: stop bleeding at the scene before the ambulance arrives. ③ Fracture: Pay attention to protection during handling. Anyone who is unconscious, may hurt the spine, internal organs or the injury is unknown should use a stretcher or a flat plate. It is forbidden to transport the wounded by hugging, hugging and carrying.
-general trauma is sent to the hospital for examination to prevent tetanus.
5.2 Emergency treatment of electric shock accident
(1) Cut off the power supply, turn off the switch on the socket or unplug it. If you can't reach the socket switch, turn off the main switch. Don't try to turn off the switch of that electrical appliance, because it may be the switch that leaks electricity.
(2) If you can't turn off the switch, you can stand on an insulation, such as a pile of thick newspapers, plastic sheets and wooden boards, and pull the injured person away from the power supply with a broom or a wooden chair, or use a rope, trousers or any dry cloth to bypass the underarm or leg of the injured person and drag the injured person away from the power supply. Don't touch the injured with your hands, don't push the injured with wet tools or metal objects, and don't drag the injured with wet objects.
(3) If the patient's heart stops breathing, start artificial respiration and chest compressions. Remember not to give an electric shock a cardiotonic. If the injured person loses consciousness, keep him in a horizontal posture.
(4) If the injured person is unconscious, burned or feels unwell, he must call an ambulance or immediately send the injured person to the hospital for first aid.
(5) When an electric shock accident occurs at high altitude, immediately cut off the power supply, lift the injured to a flat place nearby, and immediately give first aid to the injured.
(6) On-site rescue principle for electric shock victims: The experience principle of on-site rescue for electric shock victims is: fast, on-site, accurate and persistent. Fast-race against time to get the electric shock out of the power supply; On-the-spot rescue must be carried out near the scene. After the patient is conscious, he should be sent to the nearest hospital for rescue. Rescue in time within 5 minutes from the time of electric shock, and the life-saving rate is about 90%. The survival rate was 6. 15% within 0/0 minute, and there was little hope. Accuracy-the action of artificial respiration must be accurate; Persistence-as long as there is one in a million hope, we must work hard to save it.
5.3 Emergency treatment of collapse accident
(1) When the collapse accident happens, assign a special person to cut off the relevant gates in time and collect the audio-visual materials on site. Immediately after the accident, organize rescuers to arrive at the scene within half an hour. According to the specific situation, the collapse site is treated by combining manual and mechanical methods. If it is difficult to manually carry the collapsed huge objects during rescue, a large crane can be mobilized for transportation. When approaching the slope, the mechanical operation must be stopped, and all objects must be scraped off manually to prevent the buried personnel from accidental injury. In the process of on-site rescue, it is also necessary to arrange special personnel to monitor and clean up the slope and frame materials to prevent the accident from expanding.
(2) A cordon should be set around the scene of the accident.
(3) The principle of unified command and close cooperation. After the collapse accident, there were many forces involved in the war and the situation on the spot was complicated. All troops need to cooperate actively and closely under the unified command of the field command.
(4) the principle of quick action and decisive action. In view of the sudden collapse accident, it is difficult to deal with it in a short time, and the disposal action must be rapid in scheduling, arrival, preparation, evacuation and rescue, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid response.
(5) Pay attention to the principles of science, safety and reliability. To solve the collapse accident, we should not only be scientific, but also avoid the occurrence of continuous collapse accidents caused by hasty actions.
(6) The principle of saving lives first. When people are threatened at the scene, the first task is to rescue them.
(7) Contact the emergency center and hospital immediately to rescue the wounded, request to send emergency vehicles, and make good preparations for first aid to ensure that the wounded are treated in time.
(8) In the rescue operation of obtaining evidence at the scene of the accident, arrange personnel to do a good job of accident investigation and evidence collection at the same time, so as to facilitate the accident handling and prevent the loss of evidence.
(9) Self-protection: During the rescue operation, rescue machinery and equipment and rescuers should strictly implement the safety operation rules, complete safety facilities and protective tools, strengthen self-protection and ensure the personal and property safety during the rescue operation.
5.4 Emergency Treatment of Electric Welding Injury Accident
(1) Personnel without special training are not allowed to carry out welding work. Welders who weld pressure-bearing parts, pipes and pressure-bearing vessels of boilers must pass the basic examination and supplementary examination in accordance with the requirements of Boiler Supervision Regulations (welder examination part) and hold a certificate before taking up their posts.
(2) Welders should wear canvas overalls and working caps, and their coats are not allowed to be tied in pants. Cover your pockets and wear insulating rubber shoes under your feet to avoid being burned during welding.
(3) Welders should wear insulating gloves and must not operate with wet hands to avoid electric shock during welding.
(4) It is forbidden to use defective welding tools and equipment.
(5) Workers engaged in high-altitude electric welding should wear safety belts correctly, set up horizontal mesh bags and spread colored strips on the working face, and maintain them around with dense mesh safety nets to prevent welding slag from splashing.
(6) Welding is not allowed on equipment with pressure (liquid pressure or gas pressure) or live equipment.
(7) The power cord fixed at the site must be protected by a buried plastic sleeve to prevent the processed parts from being pressed and getting an electric shock.
(8) Before welding construction, the project shall issue a certificate of hot work.
5.5 Emergency treatment of vehicle fire accident
(1) After the vehicle fire accident, the project shall immediately organize personnel to put out the fire and unload the goods on the vehicle if possible.
(2) Dredge the roads at the scene of the incident, ensure the smooth progress of rescue work, and evacuate people to safety.
(3) In the process of first aid, in case of the right to threaten personal safety, first ensure personal safety and quickly organize to leave the dangerous area or place, and then take first aid measures.
(4) In order to prevent vehicle explosion, the project personnel should not only save themselves, but also seek the help of social professional rescue teams to put out the fire as soon as possible.
(5) It is the best measure to prevent vehicle fire by regularly checking and maintaining the vehicle and checking the equipment of fire extinguishers on the vehicle to ensure that the vehicle is in good condition.
(6) It is hot in summer and the temperature inside the car is high. In order to prevent the car from spontaneous combustion, you should try to park the car in the shade or spray water on the car regularly to cool down.
5.6 Emergency treatment of major traffic accidents
(1) After the accident, call the emergency number quickly and notify the traffic police.
(2) After receiving the alarm, the project should immediately organize a self-help team, quickly send the injured to a nearby hospital, and send someone to protect the scene.
(3) Assist the traffic police to clear the road at the scene of the incident, ensure the smooth progress of rescue work, and evacuate people to safety.
(4) Do a good job in appeasement and aftermath of the personnel afterwards.
5.7 Emergency treatment of fire and explosion accidents
5.7. 1 Principles to be followed in emergency procedures for fire and explosion accidents
(1) Anyone who finds an emergency should call the police immediately. Once this plan is started, the relevant responsible persons should take the handling of major emergencies as the overriding priority, and shall not shirk and delay for any reason. All departments and units must obey the command, coordinate and cooperate, and do a good job together. If the work is not in place or dereliction of duty causes serious consequences, the relevant personnel shall be investigated for responsibility.
(2) After receiving the alarm, the project shall immediately organize a self-rescue team to immediately save itself according to the emergency plan formulated in advance; If the situation is serious and difficult to control and handle, we should immediately organize a professional team to carry out rescue while saving ourselves, and cooperate closely with the rescue team.
(3) Dredge the roads at the scene of the incident to ensure the smooth progress of the rescue work; Evacuate people to safety.
(4) In the process of first aid, in case of threatening personal safety, first ensure personal safety, and quickly organize to leave the dangerous area or place before taking first aid measures.
(5) Cut off the power supply and the delivery of combustible gas (liquid) to prevent the situation from expanding.
(6) The safety officer is the emergency liaison officer and is responsible for emergency liaison.
(7) After the emergency treatment, the person in charge of safety should fill in the record and call relevant personnel to study the countermeasures to prevent the accident from happening again.
5.7.2 Emergency measures for fire and explosion accidents
(1) Conduct fire safety education for construction personnel.
The purpose is to help construction workers learn all kinds of safe evacuation knowledge and coping methods such as fire prevention, fire fighting, refuge and dangerous goods transfer. , improve the psychological endurance and resilience of construction personnel in case of fire and explosion. In the event of an emergency, the construction personnel can not only save themselves calmly, but also calmly cooperate with the firefighters outside to do a good job in fire fighting, so as to minimize the loss of fire accidents.
(2) early warning. When an incident occurs, the construction workers in the safe area can transmit the information and location of the fire to the construction workers upstairs through mobile phones and walkie-talkies.
(3) Use elevators, stairs and "roads" in an emergency.
When a fire breaks out in a high-rise building, indoor elevators and external elevators cannot be used to escape. Because the indoor elevator shaft will produce "stack effect", the external elevator will be short-circuited. It is best to escape by indoor stairs or outdoor scaffolding (the building height of this project is not high, so it is best to escape by this method). If the descending stairs are blocked, the construction workers can wait patiently for rescue on a certain floor or roof, open the window or cut the safety net to keep ventilation, cover their nose and mouth with wet cloth and wave colored helmets to indicate their position. Don't crowd in the driveway when you escape.
5.7.3 Behavior factors that should be avoided when people are evacuated in case of fire and explosion.
(1) Crowd gathering
When a disaster occurs, due to people's physiological and psychological reactions, the behavior of the affected people shows obvious phototaxis and blind obedience. Phototropism means that in the dark, especially when the direction is unknown and there is no way to go, as long as there is a glimmer of light, people can't wait to move towards the light. Blind obedience refers to people's loss of correct understanding and judgment because of excessive tension and panic when events suddenly change and their lives are threatened. As long as someone says hello, many people will follow the crowd to escape, which will affect the evacuation and even cause casualties.
(2) panic behavior
It is an excessive and unwise escape behavior, which easily leads to various harmful emotional actions. Such as despair and hysteria. If this behavior leads to "competitive" crowding, then entering the fire, crossing the smoke space and jumping off the building will often bring disastrous consequences.
(3) Re-entering the fire.
It is also a dangerous behavior to drive the victims to re-enter the fire site for some special reasons when they have already evacuated or will be evacuated from the fire site. In actual fire cases, the disastrous consequences caused by re-entering the fire scene account for a considerable proportion.
5.8 Emergency Treatment of Mechanical Injury Accidents
The emergency commander immediately called the members of the emergency team, analyzed the accident situation at the scene, defined the rescue steps, required equipment, facilities and personnel, and implemented the rescue according to the plan and division of labor. When a rescue vehicle is needed, the emergency commander should arrange a special person to pick it up and lead the rescue vehicle to rescue quickly.
5.8. 1 Emergency measures for tower cranes with accident signs
(1) The tower crane foundation sinks and tilts: ① Stop the operation immediately, lock the slewing mechanism and limit its rotation. (2) According to the situation, set the ground anchor to control the inclination of the tower crane.
(2) Balance arm and boom folding arm of tower crane: ① The tower crane can't do any action. (2) According to the emergency plan, the tower crane structure is reinforced by welding according to the situation, or the tower crane structure is connected with other objects by connecting method, so as to prevent the tower crane from overturning in the demolition process and causing accidents. (3) Equipped with 2-3 cranes with appropriate tonnage, a locking boom and a locking balance arm. One of them plays the role of balancing moment when disassembling the arm, preventing sudden force change from causing tipping. (4) According to the sequence specified in the emergency plan, remove the deformed connector from the boom or balance arm connector, cut it by gas welding, and remove the boom by crane; ⑤ Dismantle the tower crane according to the normal tower dismantling procedure, and cut the deformed structure with steam welding.
(3) Tower crane tipping: (1) Welding and connection are adopted to increase the balance moment and control the development of dangerous situations without destroying unstable stress. (2) According to the emergency plan, choose a crane with appropriate tonnage to dismantle the tower crane, and cut or adjust the deformed part by gas welding.
(4) Danger of anchoring system: ① Match the balance arm of the tower with the building, and the rotation process of the arm should be stable and locked. (2) Safety reinforcement of tower crane ground anchor. (3) If it is necessary to replace the components of the anchoring system, first lower the tower crane to the specified height, and then replace the components.
(5) Deformation, fracture and welding of the tower structure: ① Match the balance arm of the tower with the deformed part, and lock it smoothly during the arm rotation. (2) According to the situation, the tower crane structure is deformed or broken, and the welded parts are reinforced by welding. (3) Replace the damaged tower structure.
5.8.2 Emergency Measures for Small Mechanical Equipment Accidents
(1) When all kinds of mechanical injuries occur, cut off the power supply first, and then deal with them according to the location and nature of the injuries.
(2) According to the degree of injury of the field personnel, notify the emergency hospital at the same time of on-site rescue for the slightly injured personnel.
(3) If the seriously injured person doesn't know the location and extent of the injury, don't blindly rescue him, so as not to cause more serious injury.
5.8.3 Disposal of casualties caused by mechanical injury accidents:
(1) Quickly determine the exact location of the accident, possible spread range, equipment damage, casualties, etc. , so that it can be handled according to different situations.
(2) Designate a specific area of the accident, and non-rescuers are not allowed to enter the specific area without permission. Quickly verify the number of workers on the tower crane. If someone is crushed under the collapsed equipment, reliable measures should be taken immediately to strengthen the surrounding area, and then the crossbar that presses the injured person should be removed or cut off to remove the injured person.
(3) Treatment of several situations when rescuing the wounded:
-If it is confirmed that the person has died, immediately protect the scene;
-In case of coma, visceral injury, fracture and massive blood loss: ① Contact120,999 ambulance or the nearest hospital immediately and explain the injury. In order to get the best rescue effect, you can also contact a specialized hospital according to the injury. ② Traumatic bleeding: stop bleeding at the scene before the ambulance arrives. ③ Fracture: Pay attention to protection when moving. Anyone who is in a coma, may hurt the spine, internal organs or the injury is unknown, should use a stretcher or flat plate, and one person is not allowed to lift his shoulders or legs.
-General trauma: ① Send to the hospital according to the injury to prevent tetanus. ② Minor internal injuries, sent to hospital for examination.
—— When formulating rescue measures, we must consider the safety and risk of the measures taken, and then carry out rescue after assessment and confirmation, so as to avoid new injuries or losses caused by improper measures.
6 emergency supplies and equipment
(1) Equipment of ambulance personnel: helmet, protective clothing, protective boots, protective gloves, safety belt, respiratory protective equipment, etc.
(2) Fire extinguishing agent: water, foam, CO2, haloalkane, dry powder, inert gas, etc.
(3) Fire extinguishers: dry powder, foam, 12 1 1, gas fire extinguishers, etc.
(4) Simple fire extinguishing tools: broom, shovel, bucket, washbasin, sandbox, asbestos quilt, wet cloth, dry powder bag, etc.
(5) Fire rescue equipment: life-saving net, life-saving ladder, life-saving bag, life-saving mat, life-saving slide bar, descent control device, etc.
(6) Automatic resuscitator: It is suitable for rescuing the wounded who are in suspended animation due to respiratory depression or suffocation caused by poisoning, chest trauma, drowning and electric shock.
(7) Communication equipment: one fixed telephone and one mobile telephone: in principle, there is one manager, and the walkie-talkie is a cadre.
7 plan management
7. 1 training
(1) According to the training objects and positions, select training contents and make training plans.
(2) Training content: the ability and awareness to identify abnormal situations and report them in time; How to correctly handle all kinds of accidents; Self-help and mutual rescue ability; Knowledge of the use of various rescue equipment and tools; The method of contact with superiors and subordinates and the meaning of various signals; What are the hidden dangers in the work? Use of protective equipment and self-made simple protective equipment; How to take action in an emergency?
7.2 drill
According to the hypothetical accident scenario, the project department organizes at least one on-site actual drill every quarter, and records the drill plan and process.
8 Revision and improvement of the plan
(1) In order to apply new technologies and methods to emergency rescue and keep consistent with changing specific conditions, the plan should be updated in time and rewritten when necessary.
(2) Regularly check the changes of hazard sources, new equipment and personnel, and update the plan in time.
(3) Improve the level in practice and exercise, and further straighten out the plan.