Gui Guzi's ideological theory was unique in the Warring States period, not only because of his unique theory of vertical and horizontal, but also because he raised his ideological theory to the philosophical level based on "Tao". In the book, Guiguzi's philosophical thought absorbed Laozi's Taoist thought and made a breakthrough, and applied it to the field of practice, realizing the unity of theory and practice.
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Main idea
1, Guiguzi's main content is a book that studies the strategy and tactics of social and political struggles, and its central idea is to guide strategists how to achieve the established goals through tactics and argumentation. Gui Guzi is also a master of the thoughts of strategists, strategists, Taoists, Yin and Yang, and Legalists in the pre-Qin period. It has both generality and particularity.
2. The relationship between Guiguzi and strategists. Scholars recognize Guiguzi as a strategist. However, Guiguzi, as an ideological work, is different from the thoughts of Su Qin and Zhang Yi, representatives of strategists. Su Qin and Zhang Yi, the representatives of strategists in the Warring States Period, advocated the integration of Zhang Yi. Lian Heng's diplomatic struggle and speech skills originated from the self-theory of Guiguzi, such as "enjoyment", "flying pliers", "Xu He", "chuai" and "Mo". Therefore, Su and Zhang were concrete users of Guiguzi thought in the Warring States Period, and they frequently controlled the situation during the Warring States Period.
3. The relationship between Guiguzi and military strategists. Guiguzi is not only the ancestor of strategists, but also the ancestor of strategists in the Warring States period. His student Sun Bin is both a strategist. Zhang Yi, another of his students, created Lian Heng Theory, which became the military strategy of Qin in the late Warring States Period. Many expositions in Guiguzi are universal, abstract and principled, which can be used in speech and military affairs.
For example, "Chuai Pian" said: "Measure the size, count the number of people, weigh whether there are goods or not, predict the number of people, be rich or poor, and distinguish the risks and disadvantages of the terrain, whether it is good or bad, whether it is long or short, whether it is good or bad, whether it is near or not, whether it is colorful, whether it is a blessing, whether it is near or not, whether it is a change.
This is the basic condition for a military strategist to "know yourself and know yourself, and be invincible."
Therefore, Guiguzi's theory and Sun Tzu's Art of War are common in the basic theoretical system, and they are both techniques to save themselves and defeat the enemy according to the changing laws of nature and things. The difference is that Guiguzi talks about winning by words, while Sun Tzu's art of war talks about winning by war. ?
4. The relationship between Guiguzi and Taoism. Later generations regarded Guiguzi as one of the founders of Taoism. Some scholars recorded that Laozi had preached in Hotan, Xinjiang, and Wang, one of his three disciples, was Guiguzi. When he returned to the Central Plains, he preached and gave lectures in the upper reaches of Hanshui River, namely Shiquan area. Although this statement is quite magical, it does have a certain historical basis and is a valuable original idea.
Comparing the similarities and differences between Laozi and Guiguzi, there are very similar places. Their theories all advocate conforming to the laws of nature and the world, which are detached and abstract, and do not specifically involve people and things in the world, and can be used by all countries and people. Their theories all have the viewpoint of simple dialectics.
In Laozi, there is a saying that "those who are in trouble are blessed, and those who are blessed are in trouble", and many opposing terms are put forward, arguing that opposition can be transformed under certain conditions.
5. Guiguzi also puts forward the opposing views of opening and closing, stopping, turning back, sequence, length, wisdom and stupidity, courage and timidity, advancing and retreating, being cheap and expensive, being false and true, being identical and different, making and breaking, being always safe, being pro-food, being difficult, liking and hating, being dynamic and static, and gaining and losing.
Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Guiguzi