Once, when his mother was plowing the land, an old man passed by his field and asked him for water to drink. Lv Hou joined him. The old man said to Lv Hou, "Madam is a nobleman in the world." . So Lv Hou pulled the two children over and asked them to take pictures of each other. The old man said to Lv Hou, "A lady is noble, so she is a man." . And Yuan Lu are very expensive. After Liu Bang came back, Lv Hou told Liu Bang about physiognomy, and Liu Bang went after the old man. The old man said to Liu Bang: "The villagers' wives and children are all like gentlemen, and gentlemen are expensive! "。
In April 205 BC, Liu attacked Xiang Yu and went to Pengcheng. Xiang Yu fought back against the Han army and smashed the Han army in Pengcheng. Liu bang fled in haste. On the way, he met Xiao Huidi and Princess Luyuan and ran away with them. Chu Jun was in a hurry, and Liu Bang kicked his children out of the car many times. Xia Houying sighed and got on the bus with his second son in his arms. Liu Bang was furious and wanted to behead Xia Houying more than ten times. In the end, his party fled to Pei County.
In June 205 BC, Liu Bangli appointed Liu Ying as the Crown Prince and made him keep the oak tree. All the princes in Guanzhong are Su Wei.
In February 202 BC, Liu Bang acceded to the throne and set Tao, taking Crown Prince Liu Ying as the Crown Prince.
Liu Ying, who is easy to store storms, is soft-hearted. Gaozu thinks he is not like himself. Liu Ruyi, the son of Lady Qi, was deeply loved by Liu Bang, and Liu Ruyi was cruel to Liu Bang. Liu Bang was just like himself, so he often wanted to change the prince. Moreover, Lv Hou is getting older, and Liu Bang is rare; Mrs. Qi is young and beautiful, and won the favor of Liu Bang.
Liu Bang became emperor, and in the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 200 years), he established Prince Wei Liu. In the ninth year of Emperor Gaozu (former 198), Zhao Wangzhang made Liu Ruyi the king of Zhao. Although Liu Ruyi is a prince of Zhao, he often stays in Chang 'an. From Liu Bang to Kanto, Mrs Qi often followed, crying day and night that Liu Ruyi would replace Liu Ying as the prince.
In the tenth year of Emperor Gaozu (BC 197), Liu Bang wanted to change the crown prince, so he went to court. As a result, ministers objected. Zhou Chang, an imperial historian, is the strongest opponent. Liu bang asked the reason. Zhou Chang stammered and got angry, saying, "I can't speak, but I can't know it in the future!" " Your majesty wants to abolish the prince, and the official period does not serve the imperial edict. "Liu Bang smiled at this and dismissed the proposal. After the incident, Lv Hou listened to the above conversation in the East Room. When she saw Zhou Chang, she knelt down and said, "If you hadn't argued, the prince would have been almost abolished." However, Liu Bang was still pregnant with the idea of easy storage, and Lv Hou was afraid of what to do. Lv Hou was told that it was planned by Zhang Liangshan and had always been trusted by Liu Bang. So Lv Hou ordered his brother to build a back road to find Sean, and said to him, "You have always been your advisor. Now your majesty wants to change the prince, how can he lie on the pillow? " Sean said, "When the emperor was in danger, he used my plan. Now that the world is stable, the emperor wants to change the prince because he likes it. This is between their flesh and blood, even if there are a hundred more like me! " Lv Zeqiang said, "Anyway, you have to think of a way for me! "
Sean said, "This difficult argument can achieve the goal. The emperor also had some sages who wanted to recruit but couldn't. There are four such people, who are good at thinking and thinking, and they are all old. All of them are because the emperor is slow and insults the people, so they don't want to be a Han minister. However, the emperor decided to regard these four men as masters. If you can spare money, let the prince write the book himself, be humble and please them with ambulances and debaters, you should be able to please them. After they came, they took the guest as their respect and let them enter the palace with the prince from time to time. In this way, the emperor must ask and tell the emperor. " So Mrs. Lu Ze wrote a letter and greeted the four people with humility and courtesy. After the four people arrived, they visited Yu Jiancheng Housuo.
In the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu (BC 196), Ying Bu rebelled, and Liu Bang was tired of soldiers and wanted to make the prince levy it. The four men said to each other, "I have come to consolidate the position of the prince." When the prince goes out with troops, things will be critical! " So I went to Lv Ze and said to Lv Ze.
: "The prince leads troops to war, and meritorious service cannot increase the benefits of the prince's status; Reactive power is damaged. And the soldiers who gave it to the prince were owls who conquered the world with the emperor. Let the prince lead them, just as sheep lead wolves! In this way, they will certainly not try their best, which is bound to be in vain. We heard that a mother often loves her son. Now Mrs Qi serves the emperor day and night, and Liu Ruyi is often held in his lap by the emperor, saying,' I will never let a black sheep live on her beloved son'. Obviously, it is easy to establish a prince. You should let the queen (Lv Hou) tell the emperor that Ying Bu is a warrior in the world and he is good at fighting. Today, all the soldiers will be your majesty's old friends. Today, letting a prince go to war is tantamount to turning a sheep into a wolf. If Ying Bu hears about it, it will boost morale and attack the West. Although your majesty is ill now, he should be fine in the car, and the soldiers dare not move. Although your majesty suffered for himself, he saved his wife and children. " Liu Ze went to the palace to see Lv Hou, and Lv Hou went to see Liu Bang, and cried as the four men said. Liu bang scolded: "I knew this boy couldn't do it, or he would go by himself!" " So Liu Bang personally led the troops out. When Liu Bangzheng returned to Ying Bu, his illness became more and more serious, and his idea of easy storage became stronger. Sean's exhortation didn't impress Liu Bang until his uncle Sun Tong remonstrated with him about death, and Liu Bangcai reluctantly pretended to promise. Finally, Shang Shan Si big noble persuaded Liu Bang: At a banquet, an 80-year-old Si big noble accompanied Liu Yuxin Ying to dinner, which surprised Liu Bang and made him feel that the prince was mature. Re-establishing the prince may lead to political chaos. Since then, Liu Ying's status as a prince has been basically stable. Soon, Liu Bang died of illness, and Liu Ying succeeded to the throne, at the age of 16. After Liu Ying succeeded to the throne, he basically inherited his father's policies and was assisted by a group of experienced ministers of his father. During his reign, there were no major twists and turns, and he only sat on the throne for seven years.
After Liu Ying succeeded to the throne during the emperor's career, Lv Hou took power and Xiao He continued to serve as prime minister. Political affairs are decided by Lv Hou and Xiao He. Hui Di just surrendered. But in the early Han dynasty, it was important to recuperate. The country is basically fine. In the second year of Hui Di, Xiao He died. Before Xiao He died, Huidi asked the Prime Minister's Office about the arrangement behind him, and Xiao He recommended Prime Minister Pingyang Hou Cao Can. Xiao He died and Cao Can became prime minister.
As a lover, Cao Can sent away all those who played tricks on names, leaving only those who were old and dull. Xiao He's old state administrative system will not change. Participate in drinking and having fun day and night Don't like subordinates want to remonstrate, Cao Can will call them, drink as drunk as a fiddler, the speaker couldn't say a word. Liu Ying said that he was deeply worried. When Cao Shenzi Cao Dong was a Chinese medicine practitioner, Liu Ying asked him to remonstrate on his behalf. As a result, Cao Dong did not protest, but Cao Can whipped him.
Liu Ying saw that Cao was beaten to flight, so he had to personally call for questioning. Cao Can asked Liu Ying, "Who does your majesty think is wiser than Gaudi?" Liu Ying replied: "How dare I compare with the former emperor!" Cao Can asked again, "Who do you think is more talented, Xiao He or me?" Liu Ying said, "You don't seem to be as good as Guo Xiang Jr." Cao Can said, "That's right. Gaudi and Xiao He ruled the world, and the system and laws were clear. Your majesty only needs to hand over, and our servants only need to perform their duties, and there is nothing wrong with obeying the law. " Hearing this, Liu Ying said, "Great! You can go down. "
This is the famous "Xiao Sui". Cao Can has been a relative for three years, observing Xiao He's statutes, being quiet and self-controlled, making good use of people's time, and unwilling to disturb people. Society presents a clear picture. After the death of Cao Can, the then Song said: Xiao He is the law, saying that if you draw one; Cao Can replaced it and kept it; Calm down, there are many people.
After Liu Ying acceded to the throne, he held a grudge against Mrs Qi and Liu Ruyi and wanted to harm them. Lv Hou first demoted Mrs Qi to Yong 'an Lane as a slave. Then, Liu Ruyi, the king of Zhao, moved the tiger from the mountain and went to Beijing. Liu Ying knew that her mother wanted to harm Liu Ruyi, so she was always on the alert to protect Liu Ruyi. Two people eat and sleep together, Lv Hou has been unable to laid hands on him. In December of BC 194, Liu Ying went out, feeling sorry for his younger brother, and didn't want him to get up early. I want him to sleep more and leave Liu Ruyi in the palace. As soon as Liu Ying left, Lv Hou's minions immediately reported to Lv Hou, so Lv Hou sent someone to poison Liu Ruyi while he was alone in the bedroom. When Liu Ying came back, he found his brother dead.
So, I began to attack Mrs. Qi, who was demoted to slavery. She was ordered to cut off Mrs Qi's limbs, gouge out her eyes, cut off her tongue, make her deaf and dumb, and put her in the toilet. A few days later, Lv Hou invited Hui Di to watch the performance. Liu Ying asked after seeing it, only to know that it was Mrs. Qi. So Hui Di lost his voice in pain, and people said to the Queen Mother, "No one did this. My son is the son of the Queen Mother, and there is no way to govern the world after all. " After a serious illness, I turned a blind eye to national affairs.
In October of BC 193 (the second year of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty), the State of Qi mourned the arrival of King Hui and held a banquet in front of him. Liu Ying regards filial piety as the king's younger brother, which is the gift of ordinary people, and made filial piety as the king's throne. Lv Hou was so angry that he secretly ordered poisoned wine to kill King Hui. Mourn for Hui Wang, who wants to drink. Knowing what his mother had done, Liu Ying also got up to get wine for Lv Hou's birthday. Lv Hou saw that his plan had failed, so he knocked out the poisoned wine. Although the king of Qi didn't know it, he was surprised and stopped drinking. Later, the King of Qi learned that he was afraid, so he had to cut the words of Chengyang County, the city of Qi and Princess Luyuan to please Lv Hou.
In the spring of 192 BC (the third year of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty), the Xiongnu emissary came to Lv Hou with Mao Tehan's proposal. Empress Lu was furious, called envoys to discuss beheading Xiongnu envoys and sent troops to attack Xiongnu. Fan Kuai's grandiloquence, willing to mention hundreds of soldiers across the huns. Lu Bu, the corps commander at that time, objected that Han's national strength had not been restored at that time and he could no longer fight with Xiongnu. Fan Kuai went to war out of turn to shake the country and should have been beheaded. Calm down, Lv Hou accepted Lu Bu's suggestion and reunited with Xiongnu.
In October of BC 192 (the third year of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty), Princess Zhang of Luyuan was made queen. When Xiao Hui ascended the throne, Lv Hou took Princess Luyuan's daughter as the queen and kissed her. But Zhang is too young to get married. This marriage is against human relations, which makes Xiaohui quite embarrassed and always unacceptable. Until his death, he was not around the queen. Jin people wrote "Spring Scenery of Han Palace", saying that Queen Zhang died. When the imperial court gathered for it, they found that Queen Zhang was still a virgin.
Queen Zhang is not allowed to get pregnant, so she has never been pregnant. Without authorization, he told Zhang that he was pregnant, and then took a son from a palace in China and the United States for himself and made him a prince, but his biological mother was killed.
Duke Biyang thinks he is Lv Hou's confidant and relies on the influence of the Queen Mother to do evil. Liu Ying arrested him and put him in prison. Zhu Jian appealed and lobbied his men to take Hongru away, and Hongru appealed and sentenced him to acquittal.
Liu Ying, who died, had a soft personality and was often under great pressure from her mother. After seeing the tragic situation that Mrs Qi was dismembered by her mother in the toilet, she drank to drown her sorrows and eventually died of depression.
In 188 BC, in the seventh year of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty, Hui Di died at the age of 24. Hui Di was an emperor in name only. After seven years, he died prematurely at the age of 24. After the death of Hui Di, Lv Hou was in power for another eight years. This period (15) is the transitional period and the foundation-laying period from the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) to the rule of Wenjing, which occupies an important position in history.
Liu Ying and Shi called it "filial piety", which means "kindness and submission". This posthumous title sums up Liu Ying's life. Bury anling. There is no temple number. "Filial piety" means that a dutiful son is good at inheriting his father's career. Since then, there has been a word "filial piety" in posthumous title of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, with the exception of Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, and Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, because they are the masters of ZTE.
Politically, due to Lv Hou's interference, Liu Ying had to listen to nature, continued to pursue the rule of quietism, appointed Cao Can as prime minister, and continued to implement the recuperation policy formulated by Liu Bang and Xiao He.
Economic Liu Ying continues to implement Liu Bangshi's policy of cultivating students and enhancing people's interest. When he first acceded to the throne, he resumed the original policy of fifteen taxes and one tax by imperial decree. Because when Liu Bang was in power, in order to quell the rebellion at home and meet the Huns abroad, some taxes were increased. When Liu Ying was here, the civil strife had been settled, and the Xiongnu no longer harassed the border because of the kinship policy. Therefore, Hui Di cancelled the tax increase and restored 15 kinds of taxes. Later, Liu Ying encouraged farmers to work hard, and exempted the corvee from those who made achievements. In order to increase the population, Liu Ying also ordered to urge folk women to get married as soon as possible. If a woman marries at the age of fifteen, she will be taxed five times. (Tax calculation is a poll tax for adults, and each person pays 120 yuan. Do the math. ) For the original policy of restricting businessmen, Hui Di has also greatly relaxed, in order to promote the development of business and increase national income. These measures taken by Hui Di made the economy of the early Western Han Dynasty continue to develop healthily.
Culturally, Liu Ying has also carried out beneficial cultural reforms. In BC 19 1 year, he abolished carrying calligraphy. Holding Calligraphy is a law that Qin Shihuang implemented when he burned books. Everyone is forbidden to collect books privately except the relevant government departments. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the system was basically inherited from Qin, and calligraphy was no exception. Liu Ying boldly abolished this law, which made Confucianism and other long-suppressed thoughts active, and provided a premise for Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to determine Confucianism as the ruling thought of the country.
During Liu Ying's short career as emperor, he also completed the comprehensive renovation of Chang 'an.
. When Liu Bang was in power, only Changle Palace and Weiyang Palace were built, but no city walls were built. There are only a few streets in Chang 'an, but there are no walls, and the cloth is not prosperous enough, lacking the spirit of the imperial city. At that time, the communication between the Western Han Dynasty and the outside world was increasing, and Chang 'an's image as a national capital needed to be improved. So Liu Ying decided to rebuild Chang 'an City, and formally started construction in BC 194. After Liu Ying ordered all streets to be widened and built, he concentrated manpower and material resources to build the city wall, which was completed in 190 BC. It is said that there are 65 miles around the city wall, and there are twelve gates in Chang 'an, three on each side. Each gate is divided into three doorways, the one on the right is the entrance, the one on the left is the exit, and the middle is reserved for the emperor. According to historical research, Chang 'an was already the capital of Rome in the world. Later, it became an economic and cultural center and soon prospered in all aspects. Character evaluation: filial piety, filial piety, filial piety, filial piety, filial piety, filial piety, filial piety. Listening to my uncle's remonstrance, I am afraid, but taking Cao's power and telling the truth can be described as the Lord of forgiveness. Queen Cao Lu lost all her money, poor husband!
Because the power is in the hands of his mother Lv Hou, Liu Ying himself has no way to stretch, and there is no fault. Therefore, most of the later generations commented that the emperor Liu Ying was weak and even fatuous. But in terms of personality, Liu Ying is really not strong. From his protection of his younger brother Liu Ruyi and his older brother Liu Fei, we can see that Liu Ying is not like his father or mother. His nature is quite pure and kind, and he loves others without harm, so he suffers from his mother's malice and cruelty. Therefore, when Liu Ying saw Lv Hou's cruel treatment of Mrs Qi, she burst into tears and said to Lv Hou, "This is inhuman behavior. I am the queen mother, and I can't rule the world in the end. " Liu Ying's sense of powerlessness and helplessness in the extreme conflict between filial piety and benevolence.
Family members, parents and father: Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang
Mother: Lv Hou Lv Zhi
Brothers, sisters and brothers
Qi brothers mourn Fei.
Third brother Zhao Liu ruyi
The fourth brother, Emperor Liu Heng (the original king)
Brother Wu Zhao Liuhui
Liu Di Zhao Wangyou Liu You
Qige Huainan Wangli Liu Chang
Buddy Wang Yanling Liu Jian
sisters
Princess Luyuan's younger sister
the Queen
Zhangyan: Liu Ying's niece, Princess Luyuan's daughter, Liu Ying's sister and Lv Zhi's granddaughter. Married 12, widowed 15. Because she and Liu Ying are close relatives, Hui Di remained a virgin after her death.
imperial concubine
There is no record yet.
Liu Ying, the heir, has six sons: Qian Shaodi, Huaiyang Wang Liu Qiang, Changshan Wang Liu Bu Lv, Xiangcheng Hou (formerly known as Liu Shan, later renamed Changshan Wang), Qi Hou and Huguanhou (later renamed Huaiyang Wang).
Because two of Liu Ying's six sons became emperors in Lv Hou, the former emperor Gong Liu was later abolished and put to death; After the young emperor Ricas ruled, until Lv Hou died, he was deposed and executed by courtiers. The princes declared that "these sons of Liu Ying are not their own, but the blood of Lu () makes the descendants of Lu become princes and princes, and the future world will actually be named Lu."
After the pacification, the heroes and the royal family welcomed Wang Weidi (Chinese Emperor), and both factions were afraid that the Lujia family would grow stronger in the future. When they entered Weiyang Palace that night, these sons who were not Liu were executed in their official residence.
Therefore, there is a saying that Hui Di will have no children in the future.
Liu Ying, the cemetery, was buried in Anling after his death, located in Baimiao Village, Hanjiawan Township, Weicheng District, at the east 18km of Xianyang City. Liu Ying Tomb of Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty. Anling is bucket-shaped, with a bottom circumference of 725 meters and a height of 25.22 meters. Northwest of the mausoleum150m is the mausoleum of Empress zhangyan. Because Zhang Yan was abandoned after Lv Hou's death, this grave is very small. There are 12 burial tombs along the Yicheng site of Baimiao Village in the northeast of Ling.
History books record the history of the second period of Ban Gu and Han Hui.
Biographies of Sima Qian, Historical Records and Lv Hou