Under normal circumstances, if a person's breathing and heartbeat completely stop for more than 4 minutes, it is life-threatening; If it exceeds 10 minutes, it will be difficult to save. Therefore, when someone has a heartbeat, irregular breathing or stops due to an accident or illness, it is necessary to take emergency measures against time. Artificial respiration and heart massage are the two most important first aid measures.
Mouth-to-mouth method, supine chest compression method and prone back compression method are commonly used in artificial respiration, among which mouth-to-mouth method is the best and simplest. The practice is: before artificial respiration, the sputum or sludge in the patient's mouth and nose should be removed first. The patient lies on his back and looks up as far as possible to stretch the respiratory tract. The rescuer stands (kneels) on the patient's side (if possible, cover the patient's mouth and nose with a handkerchief or gauze), then hold the patient's jaw with one hand and open his mouth; Hold his nostrils with the other hand. After inhaling deeply, the ambulance personnel aim at the patient's mouth and blow into the patient's mouth quickly; After the patient's chest expands, stop blowing and relax the hand holding the nose. Wait until the chest naturally retracts and do it again. Repeat at the rate of blowing 14- 16 times per minute (children can add several times) until the patient resumes natural breathing. This is a very effective first aid method, because when the rescuers take a deep breath, the oxygen in the exhaled air can reach 18%, while carbon dioxide only accounts for 2%. As long as 1 liter gas is blown in every time, the oxygen in the patient's lungs can be basically maintained and preserved.
Chest massage is an emergency measure to restore heart beating. When giving first aid, let the patient lie flat on the ground or on the hard bed L, the ambulance personnel stand on the left side of the patient, put the palm root of the right hand on the lower end of the sternum (the bone in the middle of the chest), press the left hand on the back of the right hand, straighten the elbow joint, press down hard with a proper weight to make the sternum sink 3-4 cm, and then relax your hands and let the chest bounce up by itself. Repeat at the rate of 60-80 times per minute for adults and 0/00 times per minute for children. Don't push too hard when pressing chest to avoid rib fracture. If you meet a patient whose breathing and heartbeat have stopped, you can perform artificial respiration and heart massage at the same time. Blow mouth-to-mouth every time, 1 time, and press chest 4 times. Pay attention to the observation effect when doing cardiac compression, such as the patient's aorta can feel the pulse, the pupil shrinks and gradually returns to natural breathing, which shows that it is effective.