A retaining structure aims at ensuring the stability of subgrade slopes on both sides of culverts or gravity abutments and guiding rivers. Wing walls can be straight (perpendicular to the end wall) or open (open and inclined). The latter, also known as the splayed wall, is the most commonly used form, and the oblique angle is generally 30 degrees. The structural form of wing wall is closely related to topography, fill height and wiring.
Wing wall is a side wall set on both sides of the entrance and exit of a water-passing building, which is used for retaining soil and guiding water.
The plane layout of wing wall mainly considers the diversion requirements. For water-crossing buildings with water retaining tasks, the requirements of shore seepage prevention should also be considered in the plane layout of water retaining side walls. The projection length along the water flow direction is not less than the bedding length. No matter the entrance or exit, the Hebei wall should be smooth on the plane and spread to both sides of the entrance to avoid adverse flow patterns such as backflow and vortex in front of the wall. The plane layout of wing wall includes straight line, broken line and curve, which can be selected according to the inlet and outlet velocity and terrain conditions. Generally, imported wing walls can use straight lines, broken lines or arcs; Ellipse or other curves with gradual curvature should be adopted at the outlet, and the curvature can be gradually increased from the outlet to the downstream. The wing wall facing the water surface has vertical, inclined and twisted surfaces, and the water flow is in good condition. At the junction of the inclined wing wall and the outlet, the cross section of the water suddenly changes, which often causes vortex or even backflow. Large wing walls are mostly vertical, while small and medium wing walls can be twisted. The elevation of wing wall top is determined according to the operation requirements of water-passing buildings. In principle, it should be higher than the water level when flowing. When the flow rate is low, it can also be lower than the water level. When there is a water retaining task, the top of the water retaining wing wall should be higher than the highest water retaining level.
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