Luo Qiao
Willow in Jingu Garden, spring comes like dancing waist.
That's a good point. You can go to Luoyang Bridge alone.
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Precautions:
Luoqiao, a work called Shangluo Bridge, namely Tianjin Bridge, was located in Henan County (now Luoyang City, Henan Province) in the Tang Dynasty. When the Tang Dynasty was in its heyday and the spring season, it was a bustling resort where ladies gathered for a spring outing. However, after experiencing the chaos of public security and history, there is no previous grand occasion. There is also a famous garden site in Henan County, namely Belu Jingu Garden of Shi Chong, a rich man in the Western Jin Dynasty, which can be seen from the north of Luo Qiao. In spring, the poet went to Luoyang Bridge alone to see the Jingu Garden in the north to express his feelings.
Qiao Zhou
(Fan Chengda)
North and south of the state bridge are Tianjie,
The elders waited year after year to drive back.
Endure tears and ask the messenger,
When will the Sixth Army really come?
Hsinchu attracts guests in front of the small bridge.
(Bai Juyi)
Wild goose tooth small Hongqiao, low white house hanging eaves.
What is in front of the bridge? Hsinchu, Ran Ran.
The skin is covered with brown brocade, and the festival is painted with sapphire.
Cui Jun is like a meal, but the cream powder can't bear to touch it.
The sound of idle songs is not exhausted, so it is difficult to play with your heart.
Take care of the wind and smoke, and despise all vegetation.
Who can have a moonlit night with me in the forest?
Pour a cup for you and sing bamboo songs wildly.
1, the poem of the bridge:
The Book of Songs, Confucianism and Daming
Take the boat as a beam, without showing its light.
It is written in the poem that when his mother came home too late, Wen Wang personally went to Weishui, where there was no car, to meet his wife, so he immediately made friends with the boat as a beam, showing Wen Wang's sincere feelings and decisive courage to his wife, thus greatly showing Wen Wang's glory. It can be said that this is the earliest famous sentence in China's poetry.
Yuan Zhen (779-8 13), a word micro, was an observer in eastern Zhejiang and a secretariat in Yuezhou. "Send Lotte": "A few notes on the human scenery, the mirror in front of Lingbi Bridge is safe, and the wings of life are drunk." Lingbi Bridge is outside Wuyun Gate and is now abandoned. This poem describes the beautiful scenery of Yuezhou and warmly invites Bai Juyi to come to Yuezhou for ecstasy.
Lu You (1125-1210) is from Yinshan. The ancient patriotic poet wrote more than 9,300 poems in his life, including at least 30 bridge poems, 100. Lu You and yunmen temple forged a deep affection, and this was once the place where Lu You studied in his early years, which was called "Yunmen Caotang" in history. Wuyun Bridge: "If Ye Bei is connected with Jinghu Lake, the ethereal flying bridge will cross the air. Who will know after Gu Ling's double relocation? I came to migrate at dusk. " The second sentence is a famous sentence describing the stone bridge. Qiu Si: "In the early autumn of Shanbuxi Bridge, it is difficult to swim. The monk's gallery occasionally enters poetry, and the fish market often stays because of applying medicine. "
On the bridge in Shaoxing, Lu You also wrote many poems about the bridge, such as: "At the turn of summer and autumn, a boat swims early and swims in the lake at night": "There are three hundred miles of celestial mirrors in the south of the city, and the jade screen is dazzling. It is best to send a boat to Lanting on a moonlit night in Long Island. " "Three Bridges and Three Mountains under the Moon": "I first rose in the east of the temple, and the wind sent me an orphan account. Beyond the mountains and seas, people are in the kettle. The light in the hut smelled the barking of dogs, and the smoke in the pavilion was pale and shocking. The bald head is still cold, and it stretches out all year round. " "Autumn Night Hongqiao Boat Couplet Fu": "When you ask for a solution, you leave the small city gate, and the pole breaks a stream of clouds. Dew fireflies spread out and formed their own array, and waterfowl sang like sheep. Maple leaves fall into the river, autumn colors get older, and the night will be divided. Scholars always have fame and fortune, and Long song is drunk. "
Xu Wei (152 1- 1539), a famous poet, dramatist, painter and painter in Ming Dynasty, was the founder of China Green Painting School. He wrote many poems about the bridge. Such as: "I don't know whose garden Liuqiao has, there are six old pear trees, which are in full bloom. Every time I sit on a moonlit night, I say that the house I plan to buy is Xiangxueyuan. What's its name now? Pear Blossom Blossom Blossom. The title of this poem is very long, expressing deep affection for pear trees in Qiao Liu: "Six pear trees hit a hundred balls, and when they passed, they remembered Liuqiaotou. "Jiao Lai Shi powder, cold with the swallow house year after year. Don't be urged by Saburo, so that you can have a romantic dream. Whoever comes here today will be destroyed, and the mountain people will be peaceful. "
Li Ciming (1834- 1894), who is known as a master of literature and history, once wrote some poems praising Liuqiao in Shaoxing: "The statue of Qi Zhonghui in the Four Negative Halls in Yushan": "In the quiet garden, the horn scarf stands still. Thanks to homology, Liuqiao joined hands with Wang Yuan. " Two Poems by Gong Shangshu, the East Bridge outside Dongguomen Hanging in Zhongjie: The author of this poem has a note: "The champion of Ming Dynasty was a martyr to his country, only with Steven Liu in Qixian County and Liu Wenzhong in Jishui." "Death calmly finished the sacrifice, and 26 paid tribute to its name one after another. There are ministers across the city, and Qiaodong knows I'm ashamed. "In addition, there are some bridge poems, such as Sixteen Poems of Qingtian Lake Race Crossing:" Hongqiao Li San Xiao Hong Lou, people downstairs go boating early. The window light is still on, and the little star curtain combs her hair. " Be kind to the home near Xia Chuan on a moonlit night: "The house is full of light at night, and the candle is five miles away from Xia Chuan. Flowers bloom on the shore, and the flute blows the moon across the red bridge. "Twelve Poems on Willow Branches in Jianhu": "By the old trees in Sanliang Fishing Village, fishermen mend nets and branch bows. Banqiao hut is even more pitiful in Hunan province, with rain and flowers. "Two Poems of Slight Rain Crossing the Lake Pond": "When the West Rain crosses the Lake Bridge, the smoke of the four mountains is uneven. White clouds suddenly passed through the green forest, and a corner of the sunset fell to congratulate the prison shrine. "
Zhou Zuoren (1885- 1967), a native of Shaoxing, is a writer who has made many contributions to new literature and occupies a high position in the history of modern literature. He has written many poems about Shaoxing Bridge and homesickness. For example, Qiuzian's ninth poem (24 poems): "Only the gray tiles on the road under Shuicheng Bridge are the ugliest." Supplement to Kucha Temple's limerick (Twenty Poems) Part IX: "Liuqiao has no cold water, and the plum market is bleak." The sixth number of my family: "Under the Qingdao Bridge, the people's home, Zhai Yi left Sang Ma." The poem "Rivers and Bridges" in Thirty Past Stories (Part III) says: "When I lived in Vietnam, there were many waterways in the love river and the bridge/city, and the river was tortuous behind the house, so I used a pole/Xiahe instead of a pole, and the shore was as high as a rainbow, and Liang Shi crossed the sky/also. ) After two or three miles, the bridge shadows staggered/the water came out of the city gate, the scenery changed/the river port was open, the wild wind rustled/the bow was tried, and the furnace peak withered/"
2. proverbs on the bridge:
Horse racing on the bridge-desperate.
A bridge is a bridge, and a road is a road, as clear as a bell.
Put a pole in the bridge opening-you can't afford it.
3. The famous saying of the bridge:
It was dark at dusk in the west of the bridge, and the river outside the fence was green.
The bridge is close to the home forest of a small city, and the mountain belt is connected with Pinghu Wild Temple.
The wheel trend changes with the sky, and it crosses the sea in a bridge shape.
Clouds are like snow in the mountains at the bottom of the water, and grass is like smoke by the bridge.
4. The story of the bridge:
In 35 AD, during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the first pontoon bridge on the Yangtze River appeared between Yichang and Yidu.
The cable-stayed bridge in Shanghai was built in 1706, with a length of about 100 m and a width of about 2.8 m. It consists of 13 iron chains anchored on both sides. The Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants was famous when it crossed the bridge in the Long March 1935.
Guanxian Anlan Bamboo Cable Bridge was built in 1803, which is the most famous bamboo cable bridge in the world. The total length is more than 34 meters, divided into 8 holes, and the maximum span is about 61m. The whole bridge consists of 24 5-inch thick bamboo cables, half of which are deck cables and half are stay cables.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Liang Shi Bridge was widely built in China. At present, the longest and most arduous Liang Shi Bridge in the world, namely Wan 'an Bridge, also known as Luoyang Bridge, was built in 1053- 1059 Quanzhou, Fujian. The bridge is 800 meters long and has 47 holes. It is located on the Haikou River, which is "rough and deep". This bridge is paved with rocks at the bottom of the bridge site, which is the beginning of modern mat foundation. The bridge foundation is glued into a whole by cultivating marine oysters, which is also a unique bridge-building method in the world. It is a brave breakthrough in the history of Chinese bridges to build such a long bridge under such difficult and complicated hydrological conditions nearly a thousand years ago.
The Hudu Bridge in Tanzhou, Fujian Province, which was built at 1240, is also the most amazing beam bridge. The total length of this bridge is about 335m, and the length of some Liang Shi is 23.7m m. It is composed of three Liang Shi along the width direction, each Liang Shi is 1.7 m wide and 1.9 m high, weighing more than 200 tons. This bridge has been preserved to this day.
The outstanding representative of ancient stone arch bridge in China is the world-famous Zhao Zhouqiao (also known as Anji Bridge) in Zhao County, Hebei Province. This bridge was built by Li Chun in the early years of the great cause of Sui Dynasty (around 605 AD). The hollow circular stone arch bridge has a clear span of 37m, a width of 9m and a height of 7.23m There are two abdominal arches with different spans on both sides of the arch ring, which can not only reduce the dead weight of the bridge, save materials, but also facilitate the layout. Zhao Zhouqiao's design concept and exquisite craftsmanship are not only second to none among ancient bridges in China. According to the research of bridges in the world, open-shouldered arch bridges like this didn't appear in Europe until the middle of the 9th century, which was more than 200 years later than China. Zhao Zhouqiao's carving art, including railings, watchposts and lock stones, lions, dragons and animals are lifelike in shape and exquisite in craftsmanship, which is worthy of being regarded as an artistic treasure in the treasure house of cultural relics, and it is in the construction of stone arch bridge in China.
Xiangzi Bridge (also known as Guangji Bridge) across the Han River in Chaoan County, Guangdong Province, was built in 1 169, with a total length of 5 17.95m and a total of ***20 piers and 19 holes. Superstructures include stone arches, wooden beams, Liang Shi and other types, with 65,438. On the one hand, it is suitable for the passage of large merchant ships and upstream rafts, and it also avoids too many piers blocking the river course, aggravating the erosion of the bridge foundation and causing water damage. This world's earliest open-close bridge is rare in the history of ancient bridge construction because of its long column stone bridges, large stone piers, numerous bridges and difficult construction conditions. .
8. 1957, the first Yangtze River Bridge, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, was successfully completed, ending the situation that China Wanli Yangtze River has no bridges. From then on, "a bridge flies north and south, and the natural barrier becomes a thoroughfare." The main bridge of this bridge is a triple 3X 128m continuous steel truss beam, and the width of the upper highway deck of the double-track railway is 18m, which is 2.
1969, the world-famous Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge was successfully completed. This is a modern large-scale bridge designed, manufactured and constructed by our country and built with domestic high-strength steel. Except that the first hole on the north bank of the bridge is a simply supported steel truss of 128m, all the others are 9 holes and 3 joints, each joint is a 3x l60m continuous steel truss. The upper floor is a highway bridge, and the lower floor is a double-track railway. Including the approach bridge, the total length of the railway section is 6772m, and the highway section is 4589 m. The water depth of the bridge is turbulent, the riverbed and water quality are extremely complicated, and the construction of pier foundation is very difficult. The completion of Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge marks that China's bridge construction has reached the advanced level in the world, and it is also an important milestone in the history of Chinese bridges.
At present, the largest stone arch bridge in the world is 155m, which was built in Sweden in 1946.
The first cable-stayed bridge with reinforced concrete main girder in the world is a waterway bridge built in Spain in 1925, with a main span of 60.35m m.
Lunabarios Bridge in Spain, with a span of 440 meters, is the largest prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridge with double-sided radial dense cables in the world.
The Tsing Ma Bridge in Hong Kong spans the Tsing Ma Bay Strait and connects the new airport in Hong Kong, with a cost of 965.438+0.5 million US dollars. The span of the bridge is1377m. Ranked fifth in the world, it is a "sister bridge" with Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge.
Japan's Akashi Strait Bridge spans the internal sea of Japan, connecting Kobe and Awaji Island in Japan. The total length of this bridge is 3 190M, and the middle span is 1990m, which will be completed in 1998. It can withstand an earthquake measuring 8.5 on the Richter scale and is the first suspension bridge in the world.
Jiangyin Yangtze River Highway Bridge, the first bridge in China, is a river-crossing project of the coastal skeleton in the "two vertical and two horizontal" national trunk line of the Eighth Five-Year Plan of China. It is the first steel suspension bridge in China and the fourth longest suspension bridge in the world. The bridge is composed of tower, main cable, anchor, steel box girder and other main components. The total length of the bridge is 307 1 m and the main span is 1385 m. The bridge deck is 33.8 meters wide, with six lanes in both directions, and the design speed is100 km/h; The navigation clearance is 50 meters, and it can pass 50,000 tons of Panamanian bulk carriers. The two main cables of Jiangyin Yangtze River Highway Bridge are more than 2,400 meters long, with a diameter of nearly 1 meter, and each cable weighs more than 1.4 million tons. The main cable is made of 127 steel wire with a diameter of 5.3 mm, and then composed of 169 steel wire. There are 85 suspenders on both sides of the main bridge, of which 2 suspenders are used to connect the main cable and the bridge deck. The elevation of pylon on both banks is196.236m, which is equivalent to the height of 65 stories. The foundation of the North Tower is 43.5 meters long and 73.5 meters wide, with 123 piles nearly 90 meters long. The concrete plane of the North Anchor is 69 meters long and 5 1 meter wide (the area is equivalent to a football field). It sank 58 meters underground and is known as the largest open caisson in the world. Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge was officially started on 1 October 22nd 1994, 165438,1October 22nd 1999,1,ranking "the first in China and the fourth in the world".