Zhang Juzheng, a politician of the Ming Dynasty, served as prime minister from the first year of Wanli (1573) 10, and died in the tenth year of Wanli (1582). In order to reverse the political corruption of the dynasty since Jiajing, he carried out a series of political innovations and was praised as "outstanding prime minister" by famous thinkers and writers in Ming Dynasty.
Zhang (1525- 1582), a native of Caoshi, Jiangling, is known as "Zhang Jiangling" in posthumous title. He entered school at the age of five, and at the age of seven he could understand the six classics. He was elected Jishi Shu at the age of 65,438+02, 65,438+06 and 23. At the age of 25, he was promoted to editor of imperial academy, joined the cabinet at the age of 43, became a university student, and became prime minister at the age of 48.
At that time, the feudal ruling class was corrupt, the military and political corruption, financial bankruptcy, peasant uprisings one after another, class contradictions were sharp and the crisis was serious. In order to consolidate the rule of the Ming Dynasty, on the one hand, he stepped up repression by "cutting off thieves", on the other hand, he took a series of measures to enrich Qiang Bing, make the people "eat enough and wear warm clothes" and innovate politics.
(1) streamline the organization and reduce redundant staff.
(two) serious law and discipline, credit will be punished. Xu Jie, who served as Huiji, recommended him to join the cabinet, but he never forgave Xu Jie's relatives for destroying the farmland hidden by the big landlords in Qingzhang. He presided over the promulgation of all government decrees, "although it is thousands of miles away, it is chasing down the evening."
(3) Avoid accumulating burdens and reduce people's burdens.
(4) Pay attention to talents, know people well and be good at their duties. He once wrote to Zongshen, saying, "In the future, if you ask functions, you will not be competent." . Therefore, history books call him "good at knowing people."
During his 10 years in power, "Yi 'an on the edge", "Taicang millet can last for ten years" and "Taibu Temple accumulated more than 400 yuan" were "temporary achievements".
In the five years of Wanli, my father died. According to the feudal ethics, he should go home and "keep the system". But considering the complexity of state affairs and the youth of the Lord, he still "took care of things" and didn't go home to behave. This caused some people to attack him, saying that he "forgot his relatives and coveted his position." Hans Zhang, the official minister, even lamented: "The three cardinal guides are gone!" However, with the support of his loyal opposition and the emperor, those who attacked him were driven away one by one.
1582, Zhang passed away. Those who were punished for attacking him in the past were reinstated and tried to insult and flatter him in front of Zongshen. Confused by these slanderers, he announced his crimes, ordered to deprive him of his rank, deprived him of posthumous title, raided his property, almost cut down his coffin, slaughtered his body, and his eldest son Zhang was arrested and imprisoned, and other relatives were sent to "smoky exile".
As a result of the property raid, I realized that his property was less than one twentieth of that of Yan Song. 162 1 year, xizong acceded to the throne, restored Zhang's official position and was reburied. It was not until the third year of Chongzhen (1630) that assistant minister Luo and others rehabilitated him, and his unjust case was gradually corrected. His descendants have also recovered.
Zhang was not only enthusiastic about political reform, but also left a wealth of political articles and sincere poems. The complete works of Zhang Wenzhong have been handed down from generation to generation.
Zhang (1525 ~ 1582) was born in Huguang Jiangling (now jiangling county, Hubei). The word uncle is big, and the number is Taiyue. Smart since childhood, known as a child prodigy. I am eager to study and work hard. 65,438+02 years old, a scholar in the senior high school entrance examination. At the age of 65,438+03, I went to Wuchang to take the township entrance examination. The examiner appreciated the examination paper very much. Gu Phosphorus, the governor of Huguang, knows how to love talents and thinks that he is a talent and needs to be honed. When he was a teenager, he was easily carried away, so he deliberately lost the election. This setback inspired him to be more diligent. /kloc-When I was 0/6 years old, I made a special trip to Anlu to thank Gu Phosphorus. Gu said to him, "I'm really sorry that I delayed you for three years last time because of my big mouth." But I hope you have a far-sighted vision and be a well-known Yan Yuan, not just a young and proud rural scholar. " In the 26th year of Jiajing (1547), Zhang Zhongjin was elected. In the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing, he returned to his hometown to concentrate on academic research because he could not be reused. Later, he was ordered by his father to go into politics in Beijing, and served as a Guozi supervisor in Youchunfang. After Yan Song's farewell, he moved to the right to grant Dede a bachelor's degree and was in charge of imperial academy. In the forty-five years of Jiajing, he was promoted to right assistant minister of Ritual Department and bachelor of Hanlin Academy. In the first year of Qin Long (1567), he joined the cabinet as the left assistant minister of the official department and a university student in Dongge. He is not only an official of the Ministry of Rites, but also a scholar of Wuyingdian, plus Shao Bao and Prince Taibao. In the second year, I went to Liu Chen, and put forward six political reform ideas, such as "provincial discussion, strong discipline, heavy imperial edicts, strengthening the country and preparing for the future". In December of the fourth year of Qin Long, a teacher, a senior official and a university student were added to the Jianjitang. In the sixth year of Qin Long's reign, Prince Shao Shi was added. Mu Zong died that year, while Zongshen was still young. Zhang is the cabinet record, and he was in charge of the state affairs 10. At that time, the country was in crisis. In order to maintain the rule of the Ming Dynasty, he carried out strict reforms. In the first year of Wanli (1573), the "examination method" was put forward to rectify the bureaucracy, reduce redundant staff, and strengthen authoritarian centralization. "Respect sovereignty, teach officials, accept rewards and punishments, and give orders. Although thousands of miles away, he fell again and again. " In the sixth year of Wanli, it was proposed to measure the land in the world, so that the land hidden by the big landlords was cleared out, which changed the phenomenon that "small people keep taxes and produce, while large families have fields but no food". In the ninth year of Wanli, the country implemented the "one whip method", which merged land tax, corvee and various miscellaneous taxes, and collected silver by mu, which promoted the development of commodity economy and increased the national fiscal revenue. He appointed Qi Jiguang and other famous soldiers to train and strengthen the defense against the attack and plunder of the Tatar nobles, so that the northern border of the Ming Dynasty was not surprised by the bonfire for decades; Pan Jixun was appointed to preside over the dredging of Huanghuai and achieved remarkable results. His series of reform measures changed the dilemma of political chaos and financial shortage since Qianlong and Jiaqing, and the national situation showed a thriving scene, which was highly praised by the emperor and his aides. Li Zhi praised him as an "outstanding prime minister".
Zhang reigned 10 year, which was the most clear historical and political period and the most powerful national power in the 276 years of Ming Dynasty. Therefore, before his death, he had reached the peak of his power: in the fifth year of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1577), he gave a special gift of 1000 silver to help the Zhang family build a mansion in the east gate of Jingzhou. The street in front of the house is a tall and towering stone archway with four big characters: "Emperor Liang"; The houses in his mansion are elegant, with towering pavilions, and the "Spring nave" and "Pengri Building" set each other off in a spectacular way. When the government was completed, the emperor personally wrote a couplet, "The loyalty of ice will last forever; Zhao Gong takes a day off and broadcasts for ten thousand years "to give each other a reward and praise. "By November of the ninth year of Wanli, Zhang has fully demonstrated the glory and glory of the golden age of the official residence, namely, Shangshu, Taishoujin and Prince, Taifu knighted and Earl Lu. Therefore, Zhang was extremely sad and honored when he died in June of Wanli Decade. Ming Shenzong not only personally canonized him as "Wenzhong", but even sent Taipusi Qing to attend the funeral home, and built a grand and splendid cemetery for him in his hometown of Jingzhou. Zhang is loyal to the country, but not good at it. Because of its weight, it shocked the Lord and took advantage of the disaster, but the bones were not rotted and the door was crooked. In the second year after his death, Yu Shiyang immediately participated in Zhang's performance, criticizing all kinds of culpability of framing Zhu Xian, the king of Zongfan Liao (fire sacrifice). In the twelfth year of Wanli (AD 1584), Zhang Cheng, the eunuch, and Qiu Mushun, the right assistant minister, were sent to raid Zhang Fu. They were imprisoned, chased and plundered together with their door. Their eldest son committed suicide by worshipping it, and their second son tried to commit suicide. Their families were starved to death 10. The imperial court was even more turbulent, and all officials who were considered to have something to do with Zhang You were dismissed and separated. As for the New Deal he worked so hard to make, it was even more wasteful. Zhang's family was destroyed by this disaster, and his cemetery was doomed. Later, due to the generosity of many ministers, they had to issue a letter, leaving a house with an area of 10 hectares to support Zhang's mother. Since then, due to North Korea's political corruption, the country has fallen into great difficulties, the people are in dire straits, and domestic and foreign affairs are full of difficulties. People miss Zhang's achievements and the peaceful atmosphere brought by the Wanli New Deal. Therefore, in the forty-first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Shi Yingsong, the magistrate of Jiangling County, rebuilt the cemetery for Zhang and built a new monument. At that time, a poet once lamented bitterly: "It is hard to decide when the grievances will end." However, it was too late, and the Ming Dynasty finally collapsed in the shadow of a sword ... Until the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the "Weng Zhong's flashy watch was still in the grass" in its cemetery.
Bai Gui Shiqian Hushi
Note: "Thousand Houses Stone" means that Zhang Zushang is a hereditary thousand households, that is, he returned to the state to keep thousands of households; "Bai Gui Stone" means that Zhang's great-grandfather Rizo once nicknamed him "Bai Gui"; The five gold characters of "Zhang Lingyuan" in the black granite plaque above Yimen of the cemetery were written by a famous scholar in Jingzhou, a doctoral supervisor of East China Normal University and a professor over 85 years old. On the east side of the cemetery, the tablet pavilion is centered on the tablet of Biography of Zhang Wenzhong. On the post in front of the pavilion hung the words: Merit and sin, I would rather teach the world, with a history of ten years of righteousness; If it is a disaster, the temple needs to make a decision. Fortunately, this is a great cause. On the west side of the cemetery, the pavilion centered on "rebuilding a cemetery monument". Hanging on the front column of the pavilion are the words: sincerely seek the country, shoulder the heavy responsibility of Liuhe, achieve prosperity, and boast 10,000 yuan; I forgot my body, slandered all my life, and chased Yi and Zhou Aolin Pavilion.
Copyright? Copyright 2005 memorial halls.