Guanju is the first poem in The Book of Songs, the first collection of poems in ancient China, which is generally considered as a love song describing the love between men and women. The following is the translation and appreciation of Guan Ju's original notes that I have compiled for you, for reference only. Let's have a look.
Guan pheasant
Guan pheasant dove is in the river continent. The beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman.
ragged shepherd's purse flows from left to right. The beautiful and virtuous woman woke up to pursue her.
I'd love to. Long miss yo, call people to turn over and over to sleep.
pick the ragged shepherd's purse from left to right. The beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a married couple and a married couple.
ragged shepherd's purse, left and right. The beautiful and virtuous woman knocked on the bell to please her.
Note
This is the poet's love song for the beautiful girl picking shepherd's purse by the river.
Guan Guan, like sound words, borrowed words, and the chirping of a dove.
pheasant dove: Mao Chuan: "pheasant dove, Wang Juye." "Er Ya Shi Bird": "Pheasant, Wang Yi (Pheasant = Pheasant)" Guo Pu (pú) Note: "Carvings are called osprey in Jiangdong today, so they are good at eating fish on the side of Jiangzhu Mountain." "Bird Classic": "Wang pheasant, pheasant dove, osprey also." Modern Chinese Dictionary: "Stork, bird name, brown back, white head, neck and abdomen. Sexually fierce. They often build nests on trees or rocks, fly on the water and eat fish. Known as the osprey. "
continent: land in water, small, also known as "Zhu". In the river continent, it means "on the sand island in the river."
gentle and graceful: quiet and handsome, which means that women are quiet and beautiful. It is also used to describe men who are deep and chic or the scenery is deep and beautiful. Such as "Peacock flies southeast": "The cloud has the third lang, and it is unparalleled in the world." Tao Yuanming's farewell speech: "It's not only a gentle and graceful way to find a valley, but also a rugged way to pass through the hills."
lady: a gentle and demure woman.
Qiu: originally it means harmony and gathering, and here it refers to spouse. For example, "Poetry, Elegance and People's Labor": "The people can stop working, and they can take a break, benefiting this China and thinking of the people." Mao Chuan said, "Don't worry, I will. Hey, hehe. " Zheng Xuan wrote: "Stop, stop. Together, get together. "
uneven: uneven height and uneven length.
Zizxìngia latifolia: an aquatic plant, namely "Zizania latifolia". Kong Yingda sparse: "White stems, purplish red leaves, full circle, more than an inch in diameter, floating on the water."
flow from left to right: search from left to right. Flow, turn your eyes to look, that is, "xuě" in spoken language, which is still said in Shandong dialect, such as "I glanced at her and looked very handsome."
sleep: when you wake up from sleep, you call it sleep. I'm begging for it, which means I'm pursuing her whether I'm awake or asleep.
thinking about clothes: thinking about it repeatedly. Take, answer, repeat, and be skilled, such as "Guanzi Seven Laws": "Being accustomed to it is invincible." To study means to review.
leisurely: the meaning of worrying. Ancient, leisurely and sorrowful.
Friends of harps and harps: harps and harps, two ensemble instruments, are often used to describe the emotional harmony between husband and wife. For example, "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Chang Di": "Wives get along well, like drums, harps and harps." Friend, a verb, means to be friendly to it.
Mao Mao: select and pick.
Bell and drum music: Bell and drum are musical instruments used for grand celebrations in ancient times. This is an exaggeration, which means playing music with bells and drums like a celebration. Joy is a verb.
Translation 1:
The pheasant dove is singing in a small island in the river. A kind and beautiful girl, an ideal object for a young man.
the long and short fresh shepherd's purse is harvested downstream on both sides. A kind and beautiful girl who wants to pursue it day and night.
the pursuit didn't go as expected, and I was worried about it day and night. It's a long night, and it's hard to sleep after tossing and turning.
pick the long and short fresh shepherd's purse with both hands. Kind and beautiful girl, playing the piano and playing the harp to show her love.
choose the long and short fresh shepherd's purse carefully on both sides. A kind and beautiful girl, the bell brings her a smile.
Translation 2:
The dove is shut in singing, on the sandbar in the middle of the river. Quiet and beautiful girl, eager pursuit of young man.
long and short fresh shepherd's purse, go down the river to catch it. A quiet and beautiful girl who wants to pursue it day and night.
the pursuit didn't go as expected, and I was worried about it day and night. The night is endless, and it's hard to sleep over and over.
pick the long and short fresh shepherd's purse with both hands. A quiet and beautiful girl, playing the piano and playing the harp to show her love.
choose the long and short fresh shepherd's purse carefully on both sides. A quiet and beautiful girl, the bell brings her a smile.
Translation 3:
Guan Guan's singing pheasant dove lives in the sandbar in the river. A quiet and beautiful girl is exactly my hero's favorite spouse.
pick up different lengths of shepherd's purse in the water on the left and right sides of the boat. Quiet and beautiful girl, I always pursue you. It's hard to realize the desire to pursue. I miss you day and night. I miss you for a long time, and I can't sleep over and over again.
pick the ragweed in the water on the left and right sides of the boat. Quiet and beautiful girl, I want to play the piano and get close to you. Water shepherd's purse with uneven length in the water is pulled out on the left and right sides of the boat. Quiet and beautiful girl, I want to please you with bells and drums.
Appreciation:
Guanju is the beginning of Feng and the first article of The Book of Songs. The ancients crowned it at the top of 3 articles, indicating that it was highly valued. Historical Records Family of consorts once recorded: "The Book of Changes is the foundation of Gan Kun, the Book of Poetry begins with Guan Ju, and the Book of Books is beautiful ... When the couple are married, humanity is also great." Kuang Heng Biography of Hanshu also records Kuang Heng's thin cloud: "At the time of matching, the beginning of people's life is the origin of all blessings. The ceremony of marriage is right, and then the goods are fulfilled and the destiny is complete. Confucius' comments on Poetry generally begin with Guan Ju. ..... The first of this discipline is the end of Wang Jiao. " Their focus is pedantic, but the summary of the original meaning of the poem is basically correct. The question is what kind of marriage it represents. This is related to our understanding of The Wind. The preface to Zhu Xi's Biography of Poems says: "The so-called wind of poetry mostly comes from the works of alley ballads, and the so-called men and women sing songs, and each expresses his feelings." Zheng Qiao's Preface to Tongzhi Yuelue Zhengsheng said: "Poetry lies in sound, not in righteousness. Even today, there are new voices in the city, and the streets are competing for songs. Is it the beauty of its meaning?" Straight for its new ears. " Zhu Xi discussed it from the poetic meaning, while Zheng Qiao explained it from the tone. Combining the two, we can think that The Wind is a kind of ballad that expresses the love between men and women and sings in a local tone. Although Zhu Xi's interpretation of the theme of Guanju is not so, from the specific performance of Guanju, it is indeed a work of romance between men and women, and it is about a man's pursuit of women's love. Its sound, emotion, writing and meaning are all good, which is enough to be the beginning of Wind and the top of 3 articles. Confucius said: "Guan Ju is happy but not lewd, and sad but not hurt." (The Analects of Confucius Eight Shu) Since then, people have commented on Guan Ju, and all of them are "compromised by Confucius" (Historical Records Confucius Family). But what about Guanju?
This poem originally consists of three chapters: one chapter with four sentences, two chapters with eight sentences, and three chapters with eight sentences. Zheng Xuan divided the last two chapters into two chapters, five chapters and four sentences each. Now use Zheng Xuan's method. The first chapter: the dove and the song are on the river continent, and their spouses are not chaotic, which is a good match for gentlemen. The beauty of this chapter lies in soothing the sound of justice and leading the whole article with tones, forming the keynote of the whole poem. Take the poem as a whole with "My Fair Lady, Gentleman is Good". The "jagged shepherd's purse" in the second chapter comes from "Guan Guan Ji dove", and it is also based on what grows on the continent. "Flow" and "Mao Zhuan" are taught as "seeking", which is not true. Because the word "seeking" has been used in the following, it is not appropriate to have the meaning of "seeking" here, so it should be said in a flowing way. This is a metaphor for the hard-to-find of a lady by the flow of shepherd's purse. The word "Qiu" is the center of the whole article, and the whole poem shows the process of men's pursuit of women, that is, from deep yearning to realizing their desire to get married. The third chapter expresses the worries that I can't get. This is the key to an article, which can best reflect the spirit of the whole poem. Yao Jiheng's "General Theory of the Book of Songs" commented: "There are four chapters before and after, four sentences in the chapter, and the meaning of the words is known. Today, these four sentences are placed under "I want to ask for it", and above the two chapters of "Friends" and "Joy", which are handed down from the previous chapter. The whole spirit is here. Gai must write these four sentences to satisfy the two meanings of "friend" and "joy". Without this, the clouds above are "seeking" and the clouds below are "friends" and "music", and the momentum is weak and sluggish. This ancient article strives for brevity, and its tone is also forced, which is different from the gentle voice before and after. " Yao's analysis of the importance of this chapter in the whole poem is the most accurate. It should be added that this chapter not only promotes the literary spirit with numerous strings, but also writes a vivid and vivid image, that is, Wang Shizhen's "Yu Yang Shi Hua" called "3 poems are really picturesque". Lin Yiguang's Interpretation of the Book of Songs said: "When you wake up and toss and turn, you are still in bed." This description of the thoughts of missing a lover can be described as "mourning without hurting". The fourth and fifth chapters write about the joy of seeking. "Friends of harps and harps" and "Music of bells and drums" are all acquired scenes. The words "friend" and "music" have their own weight and depth. It's so-called "being happy without being lewd" to write extremely quickly and happily without involving extravagance. The whole poem is about a man's yearning for and pursuit of women, the anxiety that he can't get and the joy that he can get.
The main expression of this poem is Xing Ji, and Mao Zhuan says, "Xing Ye." What is "Xing"? Kong Yingda's explanation is the most pertinent. He said in "Justice in Mao Poetry": "Those who are' prosperous' will get up. Take the analogy and lead the class, and start your own heart. Those who cite plants, birds and animals in the "Poetry" are all' xing' words. " The so-called "xing" means that what is sung is first aroused from other scenery as a sustenance. This is a euphemism and implicit expression. Such a poem is based on the "loyalty and difference" of the dove, and a lady should be matched with a gentleman; It is hard to find a lady with poor flow of leeks; It is also "picking" and "winning" with the leek, and "being friends" and "being happy" with the lady. The advantage of this technique is that it is far-reaching and can produce the effect that the text is exhausted and the meaning is more than enough.
This poem also uses some rhyming words with two tones to enhance the harmonious beauty of the tone and the vividness of the characters. For example, "gentle and graceful" is a rhyme; "Staggered" is a double tone; "Tossing" is both a double tone and a rhyme. Use such words to modify actions, such as "tossing and turning"; Imitate the image, such as "My Fair Lady"; Describe the scenery, such as "jagged shepherd's purse", all lively and vivid, full of sound and emotion. Liu Shipei's Miscellaneous Notes on Papers says: "In ancient times, the sound of ... proverbs mostly followed the nature of nature, and the reason why it could be homophonic was that one sentence was Ye Yun, and the other was that the words with double rhymes were used between sentences." Although this poem is different from Ye Yun's, the use of double-tone rhyming words has maintained the simple and natural style of ancient poetry.
in terms of rhyme, this poem adopts the way of even sentences entering rhyme. This even rhyme dominated the form of Chinese classical poetry for more than two thousand years. Moreover, the whole article is rhymed three times, and the word "zhi" of empty word's foot does not rhyme, but the previous word of empty word is rhymed. This uneven change in rhyme greatly enhances the sense of rhythm and musical beauty of poetry.
We should understand Guan Ju from two aspects: poetic meaning and music. As far as poetic meaning is concerned, it is a "folk ballad", and the love between men and women written is reflected as a folk custom. According to legend, the ancients had the custom of meeting men and women in the mid-spring moon. "Zhou Li, local officials and media officials" says: "Media officials (that is, media officials) are in charge of the judgment (cooperation) of all people. ..... Mid-spring (February) month, make men and women, so also, rush can't help (don't ban running); If you don't use the order for no reason, you will be punished, and those who have no husband will be punished. " The chant in Guanju may not be the record of this historical event, but this historical event helps us to understand the psychological state and customs of ancient men and women who met, loved each other and hoped to get married. The object of literary works is social life, and the description of social customs and habits can reproduce social life more truly, so that social life can be integrated into the picture of social customs, which is more realistic. Guanju describes the ancient love affair between men and women as a social custom. As far as musical tone is concerned, the whole poem is formed for the sake of harmony. Zheng Qiao's "Preface to Tongzhi Yuelue Zhengsheng" says: "Where the words are regulated, they are called poems, and when they are sung, they are called songs. There are no poets who don't sing." Zheng Qiao particularly emphasized the importance of temperament. All living and lively poems in ancient times can often be sung, and the harmony of tone is emphasized. The use of repeated chapters and sentences in Guanju shows that it is a song and a poem that lives in people's mouths. Of course, "Guanju" is a combination of expressing poetic meaning and quick tone to convey poetic meaning with tone. Zheng Xuan's Preface to Poems says: "Yu Shu says:' Poems express aspirations, songs always say, sounds are eternal, and laws are harmonious.' However, what is the way of poetry? "