Huangcheng Village (Wu Ting Village) in Yangcheng County is a castle-like village at the foot of Taihang Mountain. The Imperial City, built on the side of the pillow mountain and facing the water, is a unique ancient architectural complex with majestic walls, numerous roofs and numerous official residences. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial city was in its heyday, with talented people coming forth in large numbers. It was described as prosperous and crowned as a forest. The Chen family, whose ancestral home is here, was a famous cultural giant in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the 260 years from Xiaozong in Ming Dynasty to Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (A.D.1501-KLOC-0/760), there were 4 students paying tribute and 9 juries1person. During this period, 38 people embarked on their official careers and went to more than half of China as officials, covering 14 provinces and cities, with remarkable achievements, which were praised by the people. When they became officials, people set up shrines for them. During the reign of Kangxi, when the Chen family was in its heyday, there were as many as 16 officials, and there appeared "father Hanlin, son Hanlin, father and son Hanlin; Brother Hanlin, brother Hanlin, brother Hanlin ",father and son compiled Kangxi Dictionary, which is the first cultural giant in the north. In the imperial city, whether you walk around or stop to have a look, the thick historical atmosphere is everywhere immersed in your heart and spleen. Chen Tingjing was a famous politician, writer, philosopher and poet in the early Qing Dynasty. In Chen Tingjing's former residence, a building complex with a total area of nearly 40,000 square meters was left, which was called the "Palace" by the locals.
The Imperial Palace is a bureaucratic mansion, and the most outstanding figure in the mansion is Chen Tingjing, a university student. He once lived in Wenyuange and was a senior official in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. Chen Tingjing was not only the teacher of Emperor Kangxi, but also the prime minister of this dynasty. He was a trusted minister and an important minister of Kangxi. Chen Tingjing left this ancient castle at the age of 20 and entered imperial academy. He was promoted 28 times in his life, participated in the military aircraft of state dignitaries for more than 40 years, and became the minister of Emperor Kangxi, which played an important auxiliary role in the development of the Qing Dynasty and the formation of Kangxi's prosperous times, especially in the display of Emperor Kangxi's civil and military affairs. Chen Tingjing is an outstanding politician as well as a famous writer, historian and philosopher. He served as a banquet commentator for Emperor Kangxi for a long time, and presided over the compilation of important cultural classics such as Kangxi Dictionary, Pei Fu, Ming History and Qing Tongzhi. The research achievements of this outstanding thinker and writer have greatly enriched the academic achievements of Qing history research, broadened the academic field of Qing history research, and made outstanding contributions to the development of China culture.
The Chen family is a local rich boy, well-off and well-educated, so there are many talented people. Among the Chen family in Huangcheng Village, from the middle of the Ming Dynasty to Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, nine people went to the earth and six people were Hanlin. As many as 33 poets handed down their works, they became a famous cultural family in the north of the Qing Dynasty.
Kangxi Dictionary is a great contribution of Emperor Kangxi to China culture, but Chen Tingjing and Zhang Yushu actually presided over the compilation of Kangxi Dictionary. Because Zhang Yushu died in the second year after Kangxi ordered the compilation of Kangxi Dictionary, the responsibility of the editor-in-chief of Kangxi Dictionary was actually left to Chen Tingjing.
17 10 in June, that is, in the forty-ninth year of Kangxi, Chen Tingjing was appointed to co-chair the compilation of Kangxi Dictionary with Zhang Yushu, a university student in Wenhua Hall. At that time, Chen Tingjing was 72 years old. He is not only the prime minister of the cabinet, but also the elder statesman of the dynasty. After accepting the editing work of Kangxi Dictionary, he insisted that his official position was approved, and Kangxi ordered him to stay in Beijing as an official, specializing in the compilation of Kangxi Dictionary. At this time, Zhang Yushu, a college student in Wenhua Temple, was seriously ill and bedridden. The editors of Kangxi Dictionary all fell on Chen Tingjing.
Kangxi Dictionary is the first dictionary named after a dictionary in China and the first official dictionary in the history of China. There are 42 volumes with 47,035 words, which is more than13,000 words in Ming Dynasty dictionaries. It was the best dictionary in China at that time. Kangxi Dictionary is a masterpiece, which greatly promoted the research and development of ancient Chinese characters in China, and it was widely circulated among the people and had a great influence. This dictionary is rich in information, profound in cultural connotation, and has the function of a dictionary, which can be called large and comprehensive. It can find the lost words in all dictionaries before Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, and become a classic handed down from generation to generation.
In the process of compiling Kangxi Dictionary, Chen Tingjing selected more than 30 editors and worked hard day and night. While this dictionary was being formed, Chen Tingjing died in April of 17 12. He failed to see the completion of Kangxi Dictionary or to participate in the large-scale celebration held by Emperor Kangxi when the book was completed, but his spirit and contribution remained in Kangxi Dictionary. During the compilation, Emperor Kangxi visited the bookstore. When he saw the white-haired old man Chen Tingjing bending over his desk, he was very moved. He immediately splashed ink, wrote the Wu Ting Mountain Village Tablet and the Autumn Tree Shade Fragrant Flower Couplet for Chen Tingjing, and spoke highly of Chen Tingjing's life. Kangxi also said emotionally: I specially wrote this plaque and Qing dynasty, and I will never write it to anyone again.
After six years of hard work, this large-scale word book came out. Kangxi's evaluation of this book is both good and beautiful, and at the same time takes its own title as a reference book.
It's called Kangxi dictionary. Thus, Kangxi Dictionary became the first written book named after a dictionary in the history of China.
Centralized display of official culture
The total area of the Forbidden City is over 60,000 square meters. This group of large-scale castle-style ancient buildings is an excellent architectural culture in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The imperial capital, the Prime Minister's Mansion, leans against the green hills, overlooks the rivers, and builds multi-storey courtyards by the mountains. In the yard, the Imperial Bookstore stands at the front. At the upper level, Kangxi wrote the four characters "Wu Ting Mountain Village" for Chen Tingjing. At the same time, Kangxi wrote an inscription for Chen Tingjing: trees in spring and flowers in autumn. At the main entrance of Xiangfu, there is a tall and towering castle-style gatehouse with three characters written on it: Zhongdao Village. Zhongdaozhuang, formerly known as the Imperial City, used to refer to the outer city of the Imperial City. The outer city was built in the forty-second year of Kangxi. Its main buildings include the outer wall, Jiazidi, Dianhan Hall, Women's College, Hanlin Academy, Academy, Garden, Gongde archway and so on. It is a group of large-scale castle-style official residence buildings in Qing Dynasty. This group of architectural communities has a unique style and reasonable spatial layout, which fully embodies the characteristics of the official residence and coincides with the charm of local buildings. It embodies the traditional feudal etiquette culture, the official residence architecture culture in Qing Dynasty, and also reflects the feudal architecture culture. Several architectural cultures are integrated into one, forming the architectural cultural concept of the Imperial Capital.
Merit archway is the most striking archway after entering the imperial city. The first archway admitted to the hospital was a big archway with four columns and three floors. Carve with stones, embrace animals, and carve dragons and phoenixes with your forehead. Magnificent, with four big characters engraved on the front, it summarizes the culture of Chen Jiaguan. Tsuzawa is another name for the Prime Minister, and Zongxian is another name for Shi Yu, the left capital of Douchayuan. Chen Tingjing served as four ministers in North Korea, and later entered the cabinet to pay homage to the Prime Minister and became a famous minister. On both sides of the archway, the characters "Ze" and "Five Dynasties' favour" are engraved, telling people that the Chen family and the Five Dynasties were all favored by the emperor. Here are the official names of brothers, sons and nephews.
Further inside, it is a small archway, still full-bodied stone carving, with two columns on the first floor, which uploaded the official positions granted by parents from Jiajing in Ming Dynasty to Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, and became a symbol of Chen Huihuang.
These two archways have obviously become an important symbol of the official culture of feudal society. As soon as I entered the door, I showed people the brilliant career and glorious history of the Chen family. Chen Tingjing, in particular, was promoted 28 times in his life, and he climbed up step by step. The ups and downs of his official career are almost invisible to him, so smooth and successful that people can't solve it. It is not only a memorial archway showing official culture, but also a family genealogy map in the Chen Ancestral Hall, which more accurately tells visitors about the extraordinary Chen family and is also a display of official culture.
Xiangfuyuan, the mansion of Chen Tingjing, is called the University Hall, which is the main building outside the imperial city. This is a courtyard with four entrances from north to south. Behind the gate of Xiangfu, there is a sculpture of Hejinzhai, a plaque of college students, and a eight-character screen wall. Zhengbei Hall is the main building of Xiangfuyuan, with the imperial calligrapher of Emperor Kangxi hanging on the door.
Order the plaque of Han and Tang Dynasties. The whole house is a two-story eaves building with local characteristics. The decorative components in the courtyard, such as bucket arches, doors and windows, balconies, screen walls, column bases, etc., are exquisite in workmanship and well carved. The whole courtyard is magnificent and elegant, which has become a model of the perfect combination of feudal etiquette of court culture and local traditional crafts.
The inner city is a castle-like building built by Chen family in Ming Dynasty. Among them, Heshan Tower is quite prominent and has become a landmark building of the imperial city. Heshan Building is a defensive building built by the Chen family to resist foreign invasion. It was built in the fifth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, namely 1632, with a history of nearly 400 years. Due to the chaos in the world at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Chen family built the Heshan Building and the Tibetan soldiers' cave in order to prevent the invasion of random soldiers. The height of Heshan Tower 100 feet is called Baicheng Heshan Tower. It is the tallest building in the Forbidden City and a rare architectural form in China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The building is divided into seven floors, and there is a corridor in the building, which can accommodate more than a thousand people to take refuge. There are windows above the third floor, and there are cribs and towers on the roof; The ground floor goes deep into the ground, with dug wells, grinding noodles and other living facilities, and a back road leading to the city. After the completion of Heshan Building, it was besieged by soldiers. More than 800 people from the whole village and the Chen family took refuge in the building, which resisted the invasion of random soldiers within one month and protected the lives of more than 1000 people. It is a great miracle that Heshan Building is all made of stone and still stands in Xiangfu for more than 400 years.
The inner wall of Xiangfu was built in the late Ming Dynasty, with a perimeter of 705 meters and a thickness of 23 meters. The city is full of Tibetan caves, and there are cribs at the head of the city. There are Wenchang Pavilion and Guandi Pavilion in the southeast corner and northeast corner, and the overall structure is solid and magnificent. According to estimates, the inner city wall uses more than 30 million bricks, more than 200,000 cubic meters of earth and stone, and employs more than 6.5438+0.5 million workers. The scale of the project is quite large, and it was completed in seven months, becoming a magnificent giant building. Visiting the city wall today, the buildings inside and outside the city are vivid. The scale and grade of the imperial city wall are rare in residential buildings, and its ornamental value is self-evident. The inner city of Xiangfu, also known as the house built by a hat, is connected with the inner and outer houses, and the caves of Tibetan soldiers are layered on each other 125. Rongshan Palace, Palace, Chen Ancestral Hall, Shide Academy and Shudeju stand shoulder to shoulder, forming a huge inner city. It has also become the main goal of today's tour.
Here, I would like to mention the South Campus, formerly known as Zhiyuan Bookstore, which is located in the south of Xiangfu City and lives in Xiangfu Zhiyuan Garden. Zhiyuan Garden is the largest public garden with the largest number of garden facilities in ancient buildings, and the South Courtyard is a part of it.
The South Courtyard was built in the fifteenth year of Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty, namely 1642. The completion of this academy has provided a garden for the Chen family's younger brother to pursue further studies and become the cradle for cultivating Chen family talents. Chen's children received strict cultural education here, and most of his brothers and their clan members received education here, and then embarked on their official careers and entered the ranks of Qing government officials. Of course, it has become the educational base of the Chen family, the learning base for training bureaucrats, and the birthplace of the famous Chen family in Shanxi.
There are many buildings in Xiangfu Courtyard, both inside and outside the city. Many buildings, such as Xiyuan, Xishan Courtyard and Ziyun Qian Qian, have both the heroic spirit of northern architecture and the garden and cultural atmosphere of Jiangnan architecture, and become amazing buildings. Brick carvings, wood carvings and stone carvings can be seen everywhere in this building complex. These carved works of art, with exquisite workmanship and meticulous carving, jumped onto the wall one by one and became a beautiful landscape of Xiangfu Courtyard. The breath of the famous king nation, brilliant architectural achievements and rich cultural breath have become the unique cultural connotation of the Imperial City Xiangfu Courtyard.
The outer city was built in the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), with front hall and back bedroom, left and right inner halls, academy, garden, boudoir, housekeeper's courtyard, river pavilion and so on. , beautifully laid out and beautifully carved. The outer city, also known as "Zhongdaozhuang", was built in the peaceful and prosperous times of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, which showed the glory of "Dr. Yipin" to a great extent, but the overall architectural structure was far from the glory of the university students of that year. "Zhongdaozhuang" is paved with stone slabs, and there are two stone archways along the road. Its main courtyards are Zhongzhadi, Dianhan Hall, East Academy, Neifu, Neizhai, Lady's Courtyard and Garden. There is a housekeeper's courtyard in the southwest of Nakazawa Tomohide, and there are South Academy, Garden, Jiuqu Bridge, Zhuangyuan Bridge, Kuaizai Pavilion, Kuixing Pavilion, Feiyu Pavilion, Zhuan Hub Building, Bagua Pavilion and Zushi Temple in the south. There is Wenfeng Tower on the top of the mountain.
Tezuzadi was founded in the thirty-sixth year of Kangxi (1697). The gate faces south, and the shadow of the entrance folds into a long and narrow courtyard in the east. On the east side, Ruyi Gate leads to the East Academy, on the south side, there are side seats, and on the north side, there are two eight-character shadow doors, which are exquisitely carved and lifelike, with the architectural style of Xile Cocoa. There is a wooden screen between the pillars in the bright room, which is the passage between the host and the distinguished guests, and it is usually closed. The entrance to the second gate is a spacious civil and military courtyard, and the northern hall is hung with the plaque of Kangxi Imperial Pen "Hall of the Han Dynasty". According to legend, when Kangxi visited the imperial city twice, he named Chen Zhuanglu, the son of Chen Tingjing, as the "new Hanlin". Later, the front hall was changed to "Dianhan Hall", and the main entrance that Kangxi walked through was also called "Imperial Road". Hundreds of court officials and ordinary people have changed their doors from east to west, and their charm still exists today. The entrance of the gate turns west to north along a narrow passage leading to the garden, and its remains such as rockeries and fish ponds are still vivid today. To the north of the garden is a young lady's home specially built for Chen's harem. In the front and back of Miss's courtyard, doors are opened to connect with the garden, and there is a pavilion overlooking the river in the city.
Outside the west gate of Zhongdaozhuang, there is a royal bookstore, which was specially built by Chen Zhuanglu, the third son of Chen Tingjing, to show off his royal kindness. In the building, there are the Kangxi imperial plaque "Wu Ting Villa" and the couplet "Shade in spring, flowers in autumn". The construction of Imperial Bookstore shows that Chen's life, values and moral orientation have completely adapted to the objective requirements of feudal ethical culture, and the pattern and form of his building houses are an affirmation and interpretation of traditional ethical culture.
The decoration of all the buildings in the outer cities of the Qing Dynasty changed the rough and pragmatic style of the Ming Dynasty, and a large number of elaborate components were used. Its column base, door pillow stone and ornamental design are varied, varied and beautifully made. Sculpture patterns such as rolling hydrangea and young lion forest on the screen walls of Zhongzhadi and Nanshu Academy are vivid, interesting and dynamic. Doors and windows are mainly divided into six windows, and there are many patterns of flowers. Interior decoration inherited the practice of paving the floor in Ming Dynasty, but tea was richer than that in Ming Dynasty. Most of the goulan has no railing, and the floor is decorated with geometric patterns. From the simplicity of Ming Dynasty to the luxury of Qing Dynasty, this great change and remarkable difference is directly related to the improvement of Chen family's social status and wealth. The whole imperial city (Wu Ting Mountain Village), including the "Pig Fighting Guest House" in the inner city and the "Zhongdaozhuang" in the outer city, looks like a turtle with a clear outline from the overall plane. Because of the saying of "turtle city", it means everlasting, with a total area of 36,580 square meters, 19 large courtyard. The total length of the city wall is1700m, the average height is12m, and the width varies from 2.5m to 3m. The towers, towers and turrets take care of each other, and the battlements are scattered, forming a solid defense line.
Rich film and television base
The reputation of the Prime Minister of the Imperial Capital is not only rich in cultural background, but also benefited from various forms of extensive publicity. Among them, the most influential is the TV series Kangxi Dynasty.
"Kangxi Dynasty" fully shows the landscape, wall momentum and cultural charm of the prime minister of the imperial city, and promotes the prime minister of the imperial city into the plot of "Kangxi Dynasty" in many directions, angles and levels. Among them, the shaping of Chen Tingjing, a historical figure, also added luster to the Imperial Capital. Chen Tingjing, in particular, showed extraordinary political talents in the political struggle of the Kangxi Dynasty. Chen Tingjing was an official all his life, but he was really diligent, self-disciplined and strict with himself. He is outstanding in talent and good in conduct, and is deeply loved by the public. He was able to roam in Guanhai for more than 50 years, and was well received by the ruling and opposition parties before and after his death, which was really rare among the ancient ministers of China. Chen in the film Kangxi Dynasty
Tingting is also such an image and character shaping. Showing Chen Tingjing and showing the Prime Minister of the Imperial City became a major feature of the Kangxi Dynasty.
In order to make a good picture of the Kangxi Dynasty and let the prime minister of the imperial city and Chen Tingjing enter the role, Zhang Jiasheng, a model agricultural worker in the village where the prime minister of the imperial city is located, has a far-sighted vision for the development of the prime minister of the imperial city and the strategic vision of the operators. He and the village * * * agreed to invest heavily in the filming of Kangxi Dynasty. The broadcast of Kangxi Dynasty greatly improved the popularity of the Forbidden City, which immediately became a hot tourist spot in Jincheng and even in southeastern Shanxi. The propaganda consciousness, marketing consciousness and cultural communication consciousness of the imperial city xiangfu have become the reasons and starting points for the popularity of the imperial city xiangfu today. At the same time, the packaging consciousness and cultural excavation consciousness of the people of the Imperial City Xiangfu also made the Imperial City Xiangfu embark on the big stage of cultural tourist attractions. The "Kangxi Dynasty" craze ignited the tourism fever of the imperial city and the prime minister, and this cultural phenomenon has attracted more and more attention. The reasonable combination of film and television works and tourist attractions will benefit both sides and become a combination of current tourism culture and film and television culture.
Of course, the popularity of imperial city tourism is not caused by the drama Kangxi Dynasty, but the inevitable result of social concern caused by the comprehensive effect of many factors. The Forbidden City is now a film and television base. In the past two years, large-scale TV dramas such as "The Khitan Queen" and "A Tale of Two Cities" have been filmed here one after another. As for feature films, there are countless cultural films.
The Khitan Queen is a series of novels about Xiao Taihou, a northern minority in the Northern Song Dynasty. Liao, which confronted the Northern Song Dynasty in history, was a strong enemy of the Northern Song Dynasty. But the master of Liao was this little-known Xiao Taihou. Xiao Taihou, a native of Yingxian County, Shuozhou City, northern Shaanxi Province, is also a generation of heroes. The shooting of this historical TV series provided a stage and a big screen for the external image display of the Imperial Capital. Many film and television crews have intervened in the Imperial City Xiangfu, making it a shooting base. Naturally, they took a fancy to the architectural cultural connotation here, and the entry of high-grade architectural culture into the film and television stage will also enhance the cultural level of film and television works and attract social attention.