Zhong Da Consulting combined with the column of Industry Interpretation of Construction Network to sort out the relevant information content of technical disclosure of wall plastering. In the process of technical disclosure of wall plastering construction, general construction enterprises mainly include two parts: (1) preparation of construction conditions and (2) general plastering construction technology, in which the basic situation of plastering construction technology is as follows:
(1) interior wall plastering technology
Water wet grass-roots to find rules, make ash cakes, set up standard bars, do corner protectors, wipe bottom ash, wipe middle ash on windowsill, wipe top ash on skirting board, and pass inspection.
(2) Exterior wall plastering technology
Water wet the base to find the rules, make ash cakes, and mark the reinforcement-wipe the bottom ash, middle ash and top ash together and divide them together. After maintenance and acceptance.
③ ceiling plastering technology
Play a water-wet horizontal line, brush the binding layer with a bottom ash and the middle ash with a top ash, and pass the acceptance.
(3) Raw materials should have quality certificates, and the quality of incoming materials meets the requirements. Mortar mixing should meet the design requirements or construction specifications. Cement mortar mixture should be used up before initial setting. Mortar and lime putty used in decoration engineering should be processed and prepared centrally. Mortar mixture should be uniform and have good workability, and the general consistency requires bottom ash to be10-12 cm; Medium gray 7-9 cm; Face ash 7-8cm.
(4) Strengthen the inspection of plastering construction to see if it meets the requirements of construction specifications. The main inspection items include: whether the base is clean and wet, whether the thickness of each layer of layered plastering is symbolic, how to deal with it when it exceeds the total thickness requirement, whether the total thickness of plastering layer meets the requirements, and whether the external angle is done as required.
(5) Plastering shall be carried out after the quality inspection of the matrix or base is qualified. When plastering the surface of the matrix at the junction of wood structure, masonry structure and concrete structure, nail metal mesh should be laid first and fastened firmly. The lap width of metal mesh and each matrix should not be less than lOOmm. If metal mesh is used as plastering matrix, it must be nailed firmly and evenly. The joint is on the main reinforcement of the skeleton, and there can be no warping.
(6) The purpose of wall watering is to ensure that the cement mortar is firmly bonded with the surface at the grass-roots level, and to prevent the plastering from hollowing, cracking and falling off. Before plastering, the walls must be watered and wetted.
(7) Finding the angle of yin and yang refers to finding the four corners of the wall, leveling the horizontal line and hanging the vertical line straight; Pop-up alignment, dado and skirting board lines. For rooms with square floor tiles on the ground, it is particularly important to find the corner of yin and yang. For a small room, you can take a wall as the baseline and measure a square with a square foot. If the room area is large, you should first pop up the reticle on the ground and play the wall flatness inward, pop up the corner plastering line and pop up the dado or skirting board line.
(8) Ash cake is used to control the plastering thickness. First, check the flatness and verticality of the wall with a pallet, and roughly determine the thickness of the plastering layer (the thinnest part is not less than 7mm). Then, according to the thickness, make a standard ash cake with the same size as the plastering layer on the upper corner of the wall, and then make two standard ash cakes with vertical lines according to the two ash cakes (the height position is generally at the top of the baseboard). Then, tie a small thread with nails in the wall joint near the left and right ash cakes, and add several standard ash cakes every l.2~ 1.5m according to the thread. After the ash cake is slightly dry, spread the mortar screed-coat with a width of about10cm between the upper and lower ash cakes. The two sides of the screed-coat are inclined planes, which are leveled with trowel as the standard for plastering the bottom ash.
(9) Before plastering, the external angle of indoor wall, cylinder and external angle of doors and windows should be well protected, because these places are most likely to be damaged by collision, so there are special requirements for strength. If there is no provision in the design, 1:2 cement mortar can be used for corner protection, with a height of not less than 2m and a width of not less than 50mm on each side. The method is to plaster according to the thickness of the ash cake, and then stick a figure-of-eight ruler to find a way to hang it straight, using 65433.
(10) interior wall plastering should be divided into three layers, and the bottom layer should be lower than screed. After the mortar screed-coat is slightly dry, it should be medium gray. If the leveling layer is dry, it will appear higher than the wall due to the shrinkage of the mortar on the wall. The middle layer shall be leveled, and the edges shall be leveled with wood trowel close to both sides, from bottom to top, and then leveled with wood trowel. After the middle layer reaches 50% to 60% drying, calendering is carried out. After calendering, in order to make the wall smooth, you can brush it in the same direction with a brush pen dipped in water.
(1 1) In the plastering process, if the place such as the skirting line should be straight, draw a line on it with a guiding rule, cut it with an iron trowel and trim it clean.
(12) The plastering layer on the edge of the door window frame should not bite.
(13) Because the ceiling is far away from people's vision, the smoothness and smoothness of plastering are generally lower than the requirements of the wall, so ashing is generally not required. Its construction method is to pop up a horizontal line on the wall near the ceiling as the basis for plastering and leveling the ceiling. Then start from the corner of the ceiling and level around the ceiling. In order to avoid falling off the ash, the first layer of ash should generally be wiped thin. After plastering the base ash, the leveling layer shall be plastered, leveled and troweled. When the leveling layer is sixty to seventy percent dry, it should be covered; When the dust on the cover is slightly dry, it shall be compacted and polished with an iron trowel, and the surface shall be smooth without scratches and bubbles. The internal angle at the intersection of ceiling and wall should be straight and clear. Standard steel bars should be set before large-area plastering. Plastering should be carried out in layers, with the thickness of 5 ~ 7 mm each time, and the mixed mortar of lime mortar and cement is 7~9mm each time. When the total plastering thickness exceeds 35mm, strengthening measures should be taken.
(14) The suitable thickness of plastering cement mortar is 5~7mm, and the suitable thickness of plastering lime mortar and cement mixed mortar is 7 ~ 9 mm ... The plastering thickness of each layer after compaction shall not be greater than 3 mm; Paper reinforcement lime and gypsum shall not be greater than 2mm.
(15) The plastering layer of cement mortar and cement mixed mortar shall be carried out after the previous plastering layer condenses, and the plastering layer of lime mortar shall be carried out after the previous plastering layer is 70% to 80% dry.
(16) The plastering of slats, metal mesh ceilings and walls shall meet the following requirements: the slats and metal mesh shall be bound and plastered only after passing the inspection; The bottom and middle layers should adopt hemp-knife lime mortar or paper-reinforced lime mortar, and each layer will survive in several times, with a thickness of 3 ~ 6mm； each time; The bottom mortar should be pressed into the lath joint or grid to form a turning foot, so that the combination is firm; The ceiling plaster is nailed with hemp beams, which are 350~450mm long and 400mm apart, staggered and radially combed into the middle mortar. When cement is mixed into metal mesh plastering mortar, its content should be determined through experiments.
(17) The plastering of grey line shall meet the following requirements: the line type and edges of trowel used for plastering line shall meet the design requirements, and the position of grey line shall be determined according to the leveled wall and cylinder horizontal line; Simple gray line plastering should be carried out after plastering the middle mortar on the wall, cylinder and ceiling, but before plastering the ceiling; Grey line plastering should survive in several times, and the bottom and middle mortar should be mixed with a small amount of hemp knives. Cover ash should be spread continuously for several times, and the surface should be leveled, trimmed and calendered.
(18) The plastering ash of the facing should be mixed with retarder, and its dosage should be determined through experiments, and it should be controlled to set within 15~20min. Smearing should be done twice in a row, and the first time should be smeared on the dry intermediate layer. Pay attention to the surface plastering, and don't put it on the cement mortar layer. The strength of the bottom plastering layer should not be lower than that of the surface plastering layer. Cement mortar shall not be plastered on the lime mortar layer.
(19) The plastering surface shall be carried out before the installation of skirting board, door and window decorative panels and hanging mirror lines. After installation, if there is a gap at the joint with the plastering surface, it should be filled with mortar or putty.
(20) Mechanical spraying plastering shall meet the following requirements: before spraying lime mortar, plastering of cement mortar corner protector, skirting board, dado and windowsill, plastering of concrete lintel and other bottom layers shall be carried out first; When spraying, doors and windows, pipes and equipment should be prevented from being polluted, and the polluted parts should be cleaned up in time; Mortar consistency: concrete surface 90~ 100mm, brick wall100 ~120 mm.
(2 1) The construction of outdoor plastering works should generally be carried out from top to bottom.
(22) The interior walls and floor bottoms of large concrete slabs and formwork buildings should be leveled with putty, and each time they should be firmly bonded, with a total thickness of 2 ~ 3 mm For example, polymer cement mortar and cement mixed mortar are used as the base, paper reinforced lime is used as the overlay, and expanded perlite mortar is used as the plaster, with a total thickness of 2 ~ 5 mm ..
(23) Before plastering the surface of aerated concrete, it should be cleaned up, and the surface at the grass-roots level should be treated well, and then plastered in layers to prevent the upper surface from hollowing and cracking.
(24) The plastering on the concrete surface shall be done by mechanical spraying. When used for plastering, it is advisable to cut hair and scrape cement slurry (water cement ratio is 0.37~O.40), sprinkle cement mortar or treat with interface treatment agent.
(25) The gradation and application scope of plastering, coating and slurry brushing projects should meet the design requirements. Interior decoration works shall be carried out after the completion of roof waterproofing works, and shall not be damaged or defiled by subsequent works. Before the completion of roofing waterproof project, indoor plastering must take protective measures.
(26) When plastering cement mortar and cement mixed mortar, the previous plastering layer should be solidified before plastering.
(27) The mixture ratio and consistency of plastering mortar can only be used after passing the inspection. Cement mortar and mortar mixed with cement or gypsum should be used up before initial setting. After mixing cement mortar, it shall be used up before initial setting, and any hardened mortar shall not be used again. When the mortar is mixed with external admixture, its dosage should be determined through experiments.
(28) The concrete surface is flat and smooth. If there is no requirement in the design, you can use putty instead of plastering.
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