Spring, summer, autumn and winter, also known as the "four seasons", are the results of the earth's orbit around the sun. Spring begins with "beginning of spring" in the 24 solar terms, and summer begins with "Long Summer". Autumn begins with beginning of autumn; Winter begins in beginning of winter. It is the most accurate in the Yellow River Basin. The basic laws summarized by the working people in China are: spring birth, long summer, autumn harvest and winter storage. This is also the basic idea of the relationship between man and nature elaborated in China classics such as Huangdi Neijing.
24 solar terms:
On February 3-5 in beginning of spring, the east wind thawed, the insects began to vibrate, and the fish froze;
February rain 18-20, rex sacrificed fish, red rock came and plants sprouted;
On March 5-7, Tao Shihua, Cang Gengming and Ying turned to doves;
On March 20-2 1 at the vernal equinox, the mysterious bird arrived, and Lei Nai made a sound and started the electricity.
On April 4-6, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Tong Shihua, the mouse turned into an owl, and the rainbow was first seen;
April 19-2 1 Grain Rain, Pingshisheng, pigeons flapping their wings, mulberry falling in Dai Sheng.
5-7 days, long summer, cockroaches sing, earthworms come out, and melons sound;
Xiaoman may 20-22, bitter vegetables show, weeds die, wheat autumn arrives;
On June 5-7, when Mantis was born, Peng began to sing, and his tongue was silent.
June 2 1-22, summer solstice, antlers dissolved, cicadas began to sing, and Pinellia ternata was born;
On July 6-8 in the hot summer, the warm wind came, crickets lived in space, and eagles began to gather;
On July 22-24, when the grass was rotten, the soil was wet and it rained heavily;
August 7-9, beginning of autumn, cool breeze blowing gently, dripping with white dew, chilling;
In the summer of August 22-24, the eagle was a sacrificial bird, and the world disappeared at the beginning. He Naideng;
On September 7-9, Hongyan came, the mysterious bird came back, and the bird raised its shame;
On September 22-24 of the autumnal equinox, thunder began to stop, insects began to sting and water began to dry up;
Cold dew 65438+1October 8-9, Hongyan guest, birds entering the water are clams, chrysanthemums with yellow flowers;
1October 23-24 10 First frost, jackals sacrifice animals, flowers and trees turn yellow, and stingers lie down.
Beginning of winter165438+1October 7-8, the water began to freeze, the ground began to freeze, and the pheasant entered the flood, which was a stork;
Xiaoxue165438+1October 22-23, the rainbow disappeared, the weather picked up, and it was blocked from entering the winter;
Snow 65438+February 6-8, the cuckoo gull stopped singing, and the tiger began to make love, licking it out;
Winter solstice 65438+February 2 1-23, earthworm knot, rice knot, water spring moving;
Xiao Han 65438+1October 5-7, in Yanbei Township, magpies began to build nests and pheasants began;
Great cold 65438+1October 20 -2 1, chickens began to breastfeed, birds became seriously ill, and Shui Ze's abdomen was firm.
The lunar calendar in China is not entirely based on the lunar calendar (the moon), but a combination of yin and yang.
The so-called lunar calendar is the cycle of full moon and lack of moon, and about 28 or 29 days is a month. In nature, the influence of the moon on us is mainly tidal and has nothing to do with the seasons. So the four seasons should not be divided by the lunar calendar.
The so-called solar calendar is the natural alternation of the earth's revolution and rotation around the sun. A period of revolution is a solar year, about 365 days, 5 hours and 48 minutes. One round is a day, about 24 hours. Due to the change of the intersection angle between the ecliptic and the equator during the earth's revolution, the sun sometimes goes directly to the Tropic of Cancer and sometimes to the Tropic of Capricorn, so the climate is different at different times and places, resulting in distinct seasons. So the four seasons are basically because the earth revolves around the sun.
In China, besides the lunar calendar, there is also the solar calendar. China people divide the revolution angle into 24 points, that is, 360 degrees divided by 24, and get 15 degrees. That is to say, the earth revolves once every 15 degrees, which is the solar calendar of China. These 24 alternations are 24 solar terms. Strictly speaking, among the 24 solar terms, 12 is called solar term and 12 is called qi.
The naming of the twenty-four solar terms reflects three seasons, climate phenomena and climate change. The reaction seasons are beginning of spring, Spring Equinox, Long Summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Autumn Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice, also known as Eight; The response to climate phenomena is surprised, bright, full and mans; Rain, Grain Rain, little summer, big summer, early summer, white dew, cold dew, first frost, light snow, heavy snow, slight cold and severe cold are the responses to climate change.
So when we say spring, summer, autumn and winter, we actually divide them into beginning of spring, Changchun, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter. Beginning of spring usually falls on February 4th, long summer on May 5th, beginning of autumn on August 7th and beginning of winter on June 5438+065438+1October 8th.
Because the Gregorian calendar is also used, but the year is not subdivided into 5 hours and 48 minutes, and when these hours are added up, there will be a leap of 4 years. Therefore, the time of solar terms is basically the same as the western calendar, just because there are more than five hours of changes every year, and there is a little difference every year. Therefore, the annual Tomb-Sweeping Day and winter solstice are basically April 5th and 12 and 22nd in the western calendar.
The ancients corresponded the festivals divided by solar terms with the months. For example, after beginning of spring, it was called silver moon before the earthquake, Uzuki after the Qingming earthquake, and Chen Yue after the long summer earthquake ...1February collocation 12 earthly branch, which is the same as the principle of collocation of earthly branch (Zodiac) every year. Therefore, the morning is spring, the afternoon is summer, the afternoon is autumn, and the ugly month of Haizi is winter. Not according to the first day of the first lunar month.
Many people have not studied this knowledge seriously, and always think that the calendar in China is the lunar calendar. In fact, it is a combination of yin and yang, mainly based on the solar calendar. For example, to calculate the fate of the horoscope is to divide the months according to the solar terms in the solar calendar.
It is absolutely wrong to divide the seasons by lunar festivals such as Spring Festival and Dragon Boat Festival. It is too general to say that the first month and the twelfth month are divided into seasons. After all, it is not clear whether it is the first month of the lunar calendar, the first month of the western calendar, or the positive (negative) month of the solar terms.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter