1. Technical requirements for masonry mortar
1. Fluidity (consistency): refers to the property of the mortar mixture to flow under its own weight or external force.
2. Water retention: refers to the ability of the mortar to retain the mixing water without causing segregation due to water precipitation.
3. Strength: The strength of the hardened mortar must meet the design requirements to ensure the strength of the masonry.
4. Adhesion: Masonry mortar must have sufficient adhesion to cement the block materials into a whole.
2. Technical requirements and construction methods of brick laying projects
1. Technical requirements for brick laying foundation: Before laying the brick foundation, you should first check whether the construction of the cushion soil layer meets the quality requirements, and then clean the surface of the cushion to remove floating soil and garbage.
2. Technical requirements for brick walls
(1) The bricks of the whole wall should be laid in parallel, and the brick layer must be level. In addition to controlling the correct position of the brick layer with a number rod, The level, axis and elevation must be calibrated once after each floor is laid. Within the allowable deviation range, the deviation value should be adjusted on the foundation or the top surface of the floor;
(2) The thickness of the horizontal mortar joints of the brick wall and The width of vertical joints is generally 10mm, but not less than 8mm and not greater than 12mm. The mortar fullness of horizontal mortar joints is not less than 80%. The mortar fullness is checked with a hundred grid. Vertical mortar joints should be made straight by squeezing or adding mortar to make the mortar full. It is strictly forbidden to use water to irrigate the joints;
(3) The corners and junctions of brick walls should be laid at the same time. Where masonry cannot be carried out at the same time, it should be built as a diagonal, and the length of the diagonal should not be less than 2/3 of the height;
(4) Non-seismic fortification and seismic fortification areas with cracks of 6 and 7 degrees If it is really difficult to leave diagonal bars at the temporary break, in addition to corners, straight bars can also be left, but they must be made into sun bars and tie bars must be added. The number of tie bars is the steel bar set for every 120mm wall thickness. (Tie steel bars are placed on a 240mm thick wall; the spacing along the wall shall not exceed 500mm; the embedded length shall not be less than 1000mm on each side, starting from the left wall of the wall, and the end shall have a 90-degree hook);
(5) Walls between windows with a width less than 1m should be built with whole bricks. Half-bricks or damaged bricks should be used dispersedly in the center of the wall or in parts with less stress;
(6 ) No holes should be left in the following wall parts;
1. Empty walls, half-brick walls and brick columns;
2. Brick lintels at an angle of 60° to the lintels Within the triangle range of degree angle and the height range of 1/2 of the clear span of the lintel;
3. Walls between windows with a width less than 1m;
4. Beams or beam pads and Within the range of 500mm on the left and right sides;
5. Within the range of 200mm on both sides of the door and window openings of brick masonry and 450mm on the corners.
(7) The uppermost skin brick of each layer of load-bearing wall should be built with ding bricks under the beam or beam pad; the contact point with the superstructure under the top surface of the infill wall should be constructed with The side bricks or vertical bricks are laid diagonally and tightly;
(8) For earthquake-resistant multi-story brick buildings with structural columns, steel bars should be tied first, then the brick walls should be laid, and finally concrete should be poured; the walls and columns should be along the Reinforcement bars (a brick wall) should be installed every 500mm in the height direction, and each side should not extend into the wall less than 1m; the structural columns should be connected to the ring beams; the bricks should be laid in horse-shaped blocks, and the size of each horse-shaped block in the height direction should not be If the height exceeds 300mm, starting from the column foot of each floor, you should retreat first and then advance. Only after the structural pillars of this layer are poured can the construction of the upper layer be carried out.
(9) The daily construction height of brick walls should not exceed 1.8m. During rainy days, the daily construction height should not exceed 1.2m;
Three , Construction methods of brickwork
There are four methods of bricklaying: "three-one" bricklaying method, squeezing method, scraping method and ash-filled method. Among them, the "three-one" bricklaying method and the squeezing method are the most commonly used;
The "three-one" bricklaying method: one brick, one shovel of ash, one kneading and then the squeezed out mortar Scraped masonry method.
Use a ruler to check the verticality, and use a 2m ruler and tapered feeler gauge to check the flatness. How to check is very simple!