Translation of Common Words in Classical Chinese One of the usages of function words in classical Chinese, the pronoun 1, the personal pronoun, is translated as "he", "she" and "they". (Cao Gui Debate) (2) Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commanders. (Chen She Family) 3 Why did Confucius call it "Wen"? (《lt； "The Analects of Confucius > Ten") 4 Wake up and ask. ("Bian Que meets Cai Xinggong") 2. Demonstrative pronouns refer to things, which are translated into "it", "them" or literally translated names of things. (1) study in time, what's more? (《lt； "The Analects of Confucius > Ten") (2) If it is broken after slaughter, it will also be killed. ("Wolf Warriors") 3 Confucius said: Learn silently and never tire of learning, and never tire of teaching. (《lt； The Analects of Confucius > 10) 4 The ghost asked, "Who are you replying to? "Ding Bo is responsible for this. (Song Ding Bo Catch Ghosts) (5) recast, then the wolf stopped, and the old wolf came again. ("Wolf") Second, the auxiliary word: 1, the structural auxiliary word, translated as "De" ① Jun's illness is in the stomach and intestines, and it will benefit if he doesn't treat it. (Bian Que meets Cai Huangong) (2) With your strength, you can't destroy the hill of the Sheikh's father. ("Gong Yu Yishan") 3 Taste the benevolent heart of the ancients. ("Yueyang Tower") (4) Qin was made in the south, why did you take the right of chickens and dogs? ("Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun") ⑤ Knock on the stone to plow the soil and transport the dustpan to the end of the Bohai Sea. (Gong Yu Yishan) 2. The structural mood auxiliary word is placed between the subject and the predicate, which cancels the independence of the sentence. (1) Good medical care is not a disease. ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong") ② In the bone marrow, where Siming belongs, doing nothing! (Bian Que meets Cai Huangong) Although I am dead, I still have a son. ("Gong Yu Yishan") 4 The trip to the sun and the moon, if out of its territory. ("Looking at the Sea") ⑤ Give the lotus of love to the mud without being defiled. ("Ailian said") 3. Tone auxiliary words form syllables. (1) The public will drum it up. ("Cao Gui Debate") 2 For a long time, my eyes seem awkward and mean very leisurely. (Wolf) 3 Disappointed for a long time. ("Chen She Family") (4) In a short time, more than 20 thieves rode around and hundreds of people followed the bow and arrow on foot. (Biography of the Great Iron Vertebra) 4. Structural auxiliary words, the symbol of prepositional object. The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard of by Taohou. (Ailian said) What' s the matter? What was the sin of the Song Dynasty? The conjunction 1, a conjunction indicating a coordinate relationship, can be translated as "you", "moreover" and "ye". Sometimes translation is not required. (1) You can be a teacher if you review old things and learn new things. (《lt； The Analects of Confucius > 10) The wild snakes in Yongzhou are black and white. (Snake Catcher Theory) 3 Dongpo is the one crowned in the middle, (the story of the nuclear ship) 2. The conjunctions indicating inheritance are translated into "then" and "JIU". (《lt； The Analects of Confucius > Ten) (2) Bian Que looked at Huan Hou and walked away. ("Bian Que meets Cai Huangong") Wei Jianting, fighting, captured and killed the captain. (Chen She aristocratic family) 3. The conjunctions indicating turning points are translated into "but", "however" and "but". (1) people don't know and don't mind, not as good as a gentleman? (《lt； The Analects of Confucius > (10) (2) Love the lotus alone, never touching the mud, pure but not evil ... You can watch from a distance, without having to. ("Ailian said") There are often swift horses, but Bole doesn't. (Ma Shuo) 4. A conjunction indicating a progressive relationship. Translate "and" or not ". (1) with three brave and versatile, push for long. ("Feng Wanzhen") (2) Drinking less and getting drunk, the highest age, so it is called an alcoholic. ("Zuiweng Pavilion") 3 Sensitive and studious. (《lt； The Analects of Confucius > Ten Rules) 5. It indicates a modified relationship, which can be translated as "ground", "zhe" or not. (1) Hequ laughs when it's wrong. (One Mountain in Gong Yu) I stood up and looked at it. ("The Snake Catcher said") 3 Make a fuss, but stay there for a long time. (Oil Man) 6. The conjunctions indicating causality are translated into "therefore", "therefore" and "therefore". (1) Fermented spring is wine, spring fragrance and wine bottle. (Preface to the Drunken Pavilion) Liu Bei is a hero in the world, and there is a gap with Cao Cao. He stays on the table to show his evil ability and can't use him. (Zi Zhi Tong Jian. Battle of Red Cliffs ") (3) If you are not a lady's thing, you will take it away by force, but you will play with it. The preposition 1 introduces the time when the action occurs, which can be translated as "in" and "from". (1) In December of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, I took a snowstorm from Beijing ... As for Taian. ("Climbing Mount Tai") 2. Introduce the reason for the action, which can be translated as "because …" and "because …". ① Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself. ("The Story of Yueyang Tower") (2) Everyone says that Meng Changjun can get the soil, so the scholars return it. ("Reading the Biography of Meng Changjun") 3 Fu Su used the theory of counting admonitions to make foreign generals. (The Chen She Family) (4) And I make a living by catching snakes. (On Snake Catchers) 3. Introduce the conditions on which the action depends, which can be translated as "relying, using, following" and so on. (1) If you don't use it, stick it on paper, one post for each rhyme, and store it in a wooden box. ("Ma Shuo") If you don't follow the path, you can't make the best use of food. ("Ma Shuo") 3 People in the territory do not take the border, the country does not take the risk of mountains and rivers, and the world does not take the benefits of military revolution. (Chapter 2 of Mencius) (4) With the strength of more than a year, it is impossible to destroy a hair on the mountain. (One Mountain in Gong Yu) Second, the conjunction 1 is equivalent to "lai" in modern Chinese. (1) The intention is to dig a tunnel to attack the rear. ("Wolf") (2) Your Majesty should also ask for help for himself, so that he can ask others for advice. Therefore, it is necessary for your wife to observe the people's feelings. ("The Snake Catcher said") 4 Sincerely open the holy hearing to show the glory of the first emperor and the greatness of the people. (Model) 2. Table results can be translated as "even number" and "therefore". (1) It's not appropriate to laugh at yourself, and it's a metaphor that loses its righteousness, so as to block the road of loyalty and admonition. (Teacher's Watch) 3. Table juxtaposition or commitment, causality. (1) belongs to the composition. Remember it. Third, the verb: translated as "thinking". The first emperor didn't treat his ministers with meanness, bring disgrace to oneself. The usage of notional words in classical Chinese is 1. People don't know but don't care (resentment). Ten Analects of Confucius II. Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous (confused) (confused) (ibid.) 3. Never tire of learning, never tire of teaching (ibid.) 4. Choose advantages) (same as above) 5. Jun's disease is in the skin, but if it is not cured, it will benefit (gradually) "Bian Que sees Cai Huangong" 6. When he woke up, he was asked (intentionally) (ditto) 7. He asked Bian Que (search) (same as above) 8. Huan Hou died (hence) (ditto) 9. Tu was embarrassed, and was afraid of being attacked by enemies before and after (see above). Tu Naiben leaned, Chi Dan held a knife (relax, which means unloading here) (see above) 12, and the second monk of Shu (the border) studied 13. What do I want? (Shit) (ditto) 15, I've wanted to buy a boat for several years, but I still can't get it (still, still) (ditto) 16, Xiqiao's trip (far away) (ditto) 17, people's aspirations are not as good as those of humble monks in Shu (don't). This house is like the Peach Blossom Garden. People who are not interested in the future (visit) (ibid.) 24. The fragrant grass is delicious (fresh and beautiful) (ibid.) 25. Others are not humane enough (ibid.) 26. The guests will hold a grand banquet (just in time). But touching feet in obstacles (but) (ditto) 28. The woman will take care of the baby's milk (including) (ditto) 3 1, and the guest is less comfortable (omitted) (ditto) 32, although there are hundreds of hands (even) (ditto) 33, Fang Qili (district) (Yishan, Gong Yu) 34, and 90 years (near) (ditto). I am a humble room (this) 40. I'm virtuous (meaning virtuous) 4 1. I like (many) people very much. I am elegant (established) (same as above) 43. It is appropriate to follow the crowd. Although riding the wind without illness (running) ". Three Gorges "45. A lot of fun (real) (ditto) 46. Lin Hanjian Sue (silence) (ditto) 47. Then I went to Chengtian Temple (so). Night tour of Chengtian Temple. Qiu Hao: Birds and Beasts New Fine Hair in Autumn) "Leisure" 49. In summer, mosquitoes turn to thunder, and privately plan to dance in groups (compared to themselves) (ibid.) 50. If the fruit is like a crane, it will be happy (ibid.) 5 1. Yixing people call it three horizontal lines, and in the play (especially) I will happily forget to eat (understand the meaning of the book) "The Biography of Mr. Wu Liu" 54. I got drunk at 55 when I made drinks. Ring refers to bleak and windy days (cold and cheerless) (ibid.) 56. Don't worry about wealth (sad look) (anxious look) (same as above) 58. Water is quiet and clear (cool) "Little Pond Stone" 59. Stand still (stunned look) (same as above) 60. Uncle's death (sudden) (same as above) 6 1, communication. Can't stay long (ibid.) 65. Fang Qi is far from Haimen, just like Yinxian (when ...) Watching the Tide. Only the "enemy ship" was burned by the fire and died with the waves (go, go) (ibid.) 67. Looking back, it appeared in Whale Wave Wan Ren (flashing) (ditto) reasonable (wise) (ditto) 70. Although, for me, the public loss plate is a ladder (even so) (ibid.) 7 1, waiting for Chukou to go to Song Cheng (invasion) (ibid.) 72. I don't care about the situation, but I have my own modality (all without exception). Hooked up with (Mingming) (ditto) 76. On the day when the king of Qin was scratched and knelt down to thank (apologize), Sui Tang lived up to his mission 77. The people upstairs were exchanging bread crumbs, or standing aside (busy) (sometimes) "two short articles. Mountain City "78 is wide enough occasionally. To) Chen She 79, Chen Sheng, Guangwu are all in the same position (Editor) (same as above) 80. Although there are thousands of miles of ability (even if) Ma Shuo 8 1, the strategy is not according to its way, food can't be used as much as it can (driving, whipping with a whip) (according to, according to, along) (law, here refers to the habit of horses) 8000. I don't know the strangeness of Xishan (I didn't know it before). Accumulate (overlap) (ibid.) 84. Swim from the beginning (from now on) (same as above) 85. He who has a pavilion is near the spring (near). The cloud returned to the cave. However, those in the past (as above) 89. If you get rid of the cage (swan), Travels of Man Jing 90. The wheat field is shallow (long hair on the neck, which is not described as high wheat seedling here) (as above) 9 1. Leave it (give up) (leave) chapter 2 of Mencius. Get the news. (used) (used) (same as above) 94. Sign with color, input sound, and then use metaphor (test) (understanding) (same as above) 95. Rebuild Yueyang Tower and increase its old system (at that time) (scale) "Yueyang Tower" 96. Don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself (because) (ditto) Retirement is also worrying (being an official in the court) (not being an official in the court) (ditto) Classical Chinese (polysemy) (in alphabetical order) 1. An: 1. How to be an official in the imperial court II. Support (provide food and clothing) 2. Humble: 1. (Written by predecessors, The Story of Yueyang Tower) 2. Yes. At one time, all the wonderful things were ready for "ventriloquism". Get ready. I have to prepare to do "Stone Gull" in the morning. Be: 1, influence (in the afterlife) 2. The same as "wearing", wearing (full embroidery) 5. Be contemptuous: 1, the border (there are two monks in Shu who are "learning") 2. Mean and short-sighted. (Twilight City Yueyang Tower) 2. Despise (Don't underestimate the "model") 3. Small thickness. As thin as a money lip "trap") 8. Strategy: 1, push. (Ma Shuo before Policy) 2. Whipping and driving away. (The policy is not based on its mode "Ma Shuo") 3. Record. (Biography of "Mulan Poetry" by Ce Xun) 4. Strategy. (idiom "helpless") 9. Length: cháng 1, length. The length of the ship is about eight minutes. The story of the nuclear ship) 2. As opposed to "short". (Beishi bought a whip "Mulan Poetry") 3. Long-term health I hope people live a long life. ) 4. forever. (The deceased has long been known as the "stone gull") 5. ZH ǐ ng, ranked the largest (Mulan has no eldest brother ("Mulan Poetry") 6. ZH ǐ ng, the team leader. (Guangwu, the first official, was named "Chen She Family") 10. He said: 1. He stood up and cooperated (he said he was too angry/couldn't say he had heard it before) 2. He praised (the ancient emperor called it energy) 1 1. Cheng: 65438. Then hegemony can be achieved and the Han Dynasty can flourish) 12. Punishment: 1. Suffering (punishing the northern part of the mountain "Yugong Mountain") 2. Punishment: 13. Pool: 1. Riding a horse (willing to gallop thousands of miles) 2. Drive (catch up) (the public will gallop) to arrive (mute the Zhejiang Pavilion to teach sailors every year) 4. Generate (planned out) 15. Remarks: 1. Decline (I was told to do a lot of things in the army) 2. Language (never slightly degraded) 16. Times: 1. Guangwu always goes to Chen She's house. Stop during a trip or March. (in the middle of the temple next to Wu) 17. Y: 65438+ (deserved) 2. should be (reward rate for being a "model" of the three armed forces) 3. (Now stay away from it) 4. Face it, face it. Mulan's Poem of Mulan was woven by every household. Value, existence. (At that time, all counties and counties were persecuted by the "Chen She family" of Qin officials). Resist. (unstoppable) 19. Road: 1, road. There will be heavy rain and the road will be blocked. The Chen She family) 2. Morality. (If there is no way to cut, kill Qin) 3. Method. The policy is not to follow the old road of "Ma Shuo". Say, say. 20. Get: 1, can (can't have both) 2. Get, get (so you can't get) 3. Being the same as "virtue", I am grateful (knowing the poor helps me) 2 1. Wait: 65438+. Table Most (Equal Rain) 22. Enemy: 1, attack (afraid of being attacked by your own enemy "wolf" before and after) 2. Enemy (cover the "wolf" that lures the enemy) 23. Hang: 1, hang (show me the king's tomb) 2. Comfort (let's all hang up) 24 Crossing (flying over mountains) 25. End: 1, right end of the screen (left hand holding scroll end) 2. Correct (its human viewing end is silent) 26. Evil: 1, how (evil can be undisciplined) 2. Aversion (more evil than the dead) 27. Fa: 67。 Be appointed (Shun Fa is between Mu and Mu) 4. Call for duty (900 people are suitable for defending Yuyang) 5. Opening (wild incense) 6. Hair (a flash of hair, all good things are ready) 7. Fā, hair (yellow hair drooping happily) 28. Fan: Yes. The next three points today are "models") 2. Distribution. The debate in Cao Gui must be divided into two parts. Unit of length. (about eight minutes long, there is a strange "nuclear ship") 4, fèn, duty, duty. (Loyalty to Your Majesty is also a model) 3 1. Serve: 1. Serve (wives and concubines) II. Accept and carry out (an order from danger) 3. Support (I don't know whether the service of mouth and body is equal to that of people) 32. No: 65438+ Fú, the first word of the sentence (from the husband/from the wife) 3. Husband (starting from her husband's voice/Luo Fu has her own husband) 4. The general name of adult men, called (who bears the burden of three husbands) 34. Fu: 1, along, along (and then help to the road "Peach Blossom Garden") 2. Auxiliary (if you enter, there will be no legalist school) 3. Give it a gentle brush (by hand). Fu: 1. Bless, bless (God bless) 2. Good things (why not be blessed) 37. Fu: 1. Rich (and warehouse) more (rich family and good horse) 38. More: 1, again-(that is, more scratching each other's eyes) 2, further (drunkenness is more pillow-lying) 3, mutual (celebration) 4, again-(by going up a storey still higher) 5, more (returning with sorrow and joy, although we drown our sorrows with wine) 39. Gou: 1。 Express hope (no hunger and thirst) 40. Solidity: 1. The original (curing everyone's injured Zhong Yong) 2. Stubborn, stubborn (solidify your inner "Gong Yu Mountain") 3. Certainty, certainty (and wake are impregnable) 4. Consolidate (consolidate the country without risking mountains and rivers) 5. Be safe. The original text (review the past and learn the new/two wolves are neck and neck) 2. Deliberately (Huanhou Valley makes people ask/the old road is difficult to distinguish) 3. Reason, reason (the public asked why) 4. So, therefore (I am stupid) 42. Gu: 1, looking back (Gu Ye has a wolf in the wheat field) 43. View: 1, see (viewing the victory of husband baling) 2, scenery, scenery (this is the grand view of Yueyang Tower) 44. Crown: 1, ranked first (talent ranked first) 2. Hats (Dongpo for those who are crowned in the middle and have many stubborn people) 3. Men's bar mitzvah (all crowned) 45. Light: 1, carry forward (with light as the first emperor). Who shall we go home with? 2. Go home (when tourists go home) 47. Pass: 1. Passing by (the book of Han Taiwei, the ancient capital of Qin and Han Dynasties) 2. Here we are (and Sun Quan of Lu Su advised us to study) 3. Make mistakes (people always pass) 4. Beyond, than (the situation is just right) (the evil wind whistling "Yueyang Tower") 2. Hao, alias. (Therefore, since the date, the meaning of drunkenness is also "Drunk Pavilion Preface") 3. Hao, country name. (The serial number is Chen She family in Zhang Chu) 4. Hao, call. 50. Also: 1. Go home (with his wife "Yang Lezi's wife") 2. Xuán, the same as "Xuan", turn around, turn around (and go to Bian Que to see Cai Huangong) 5 1. Suffering from: 1. Worry, anxiety (and suffering from no host and celebrity and travel/and suffering from people who have no desire to succeed) 2. Suffer from (not catching a cold) 3. Deal with ... think this is a disaster ... it's a disaster (fellow villagers suffer) 0000000000 1 smart (you don't like it) 53. Or: 1, sometimes (eating one or doing everything in a hurry) 2. Some people (or killed jiaozi/or thought they were dead or dead) 3. Maybe (or different) 54. Extremely: 1, at the end, exhausted (. Verb (the most oriental taste) 4. Extremely, most (the first extreme is narrow) 55. Silence: 1, calm (visual silence) 2. Silence (loneliness and no one) 56. Plus: 1, more (and the mountain does not increase) 2. Benefits (what are the benefits of ten thousand minutes for me) Less reporting and more reporting (Fu Gan Ye Jia) 57. Period: 1, including (like a voice falling in the middle) 2, for a while (standing in the room) 3, participating (and why) 4, being in the middle (Fu Shuo is held between buildings) 5, period (orderly between dangers) 6, quantifier (ten thousand rooms in the palace) separated (and then separated from outsiders) 8, secretly (. See: 1, with "now" (the road turns to the stream and suddenly sees it) 2. Introduction (Hu can't see me in the king) 3. Call, receive (and then see the public transport board/Cao Gui, see) 4. Visiting (Mozi) noun (commanding a general at that time) 2. Lead (and then command a general to command Jingzhou's army) 3. Will (the general will fight) 4 Help (help the general go abroad) 5. Meaningless (palace envoy drives general) 60. Angle: 1. Musical instrument played (honking horn) 2. Blow the horn (at an angle) even (don't cut it in sequence) 62. Do it: 1, no (bear the meat in the middle/forest water) 2. Get everything (benefit the South China Sea) 3. Do one's best, as far as possible. Just: 1, approaching, the trend (this person can see, but can't see) reaches 3, even if it is 64. Stay: 1, pass (stay 10 days) 2, stay (stay time is not long) 65. Lift: 1, spread (even death) 2, launch (even raising a child) 3, be promoted (Guan Yiwu raised in the city) 4, participate. All, all (with answer) 2, with (each modality) 67. Decision: 1, judgment (Confucius can't decide) 2, respectively (meaning difficult to decide) 3, flatly (so I decided to give up) 68. Absolute: 1, isolated 2, extreme (brilliant thinking) steep 69. Open: 1, spread out (the forest blooms at sunrise) 2, clear up (not even open for a month) 3, open (open a small window on the side) 70. It can be: 1, probably (the height can be two meters/there can be hundreds of fish in the pond) 2, and it can be (pearls can be counted). Sorrow (why not) 72. Music: 1, having fun in it ... (the joy of satrap) 2, making a sacred tree ... happy (the joy of bells and drums) 3, fun (the joy of not knowing others) 4, joy, happiness (tourists go, birds sing happily) 73. Category: 65438+ favorable (weather is not as good as geographical location) 2. Sharp (soldiers don't admit defeat/holding sharp weapons) 3. Think about it ... profitable (father is profitable) 4. These materials are very good (beneficial to the South China Sea). You can try.
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