The lyrical poem "Come Back and Come Back" is not only a symbol of the turning point in Yuanming's life, but also the peak of creation that expresses the consciousness of retreat in the history of Chinese literature. The following is an appreciation of Tao Yuanming's "Return and Come Back" that I compiled for everyone. Welcome to refer to it ~
"Return and Come Back"
When you go back, the countryside will be ruined. Hu Bugui! Since you regard your heart as a servant, you are ridiculed and melancholy, and you are alone in sadness? You realize that there is no admonishment in the past, and you know that you can pursue those who are coming; in fact, you are not far off when you are lost, and you feel that what is now is but what was wrong yesterday.
The boat floats lightly in the distance, and the wind flutters and blows the clothes. I asked Zheng Husband about the way forward, and I hated the faintness of the morning light. Nai looks at the house and runs with joy. The servant boy welcomes you, and the child waits for the door. The three paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still remain. When I brought my child into the house, there was a bottle full of wine.
Introduce the pot and drink to drink by yourself, gaze at the courtyard to enjoy your face; lean against the south window to express your pride, and look at your appearance and ease your knees. The garden is made interesting by wading in the sun, and although the gate is set up, it is always closed; we help the elderly to rest, and sometimes they straighten their heads and look around. The clouds come out of Xiu without intention, and the birds know when they are tired of flying. The scenery is about to enter, and the lonely pine lingers around.
Come back and come back, please pay attention and never travel again. The world is against me, how can I ask for my words again? Love words from relatives please me, play music and write books to soothe my worries. The peasants told me that spring was coming and that something would happen in Xichou. Or a life-carrying carriage, or a solitary boat.
It is both graceful and graceful to find gullies, and also rugged to pass through hills. The trees are flourishing and the springs are beginning to trickle. When I get all the good things, I feel grateful for the rest of my life.
That’s it! How long will it take to live in the inner world again? I can’t decide whether to leave or stay, so why not let alone what else I want? Wealth and honor are not my wish, and I can’t expect an imperial hometown. If you have a good time, you can go alone, or plant a stick and work hard. Climb Donggao to soothe the whistle, and compose poems near the clear stream. Liaochenghua has returned to the end, and Lefu's destiny has returned to ridicule!
Appreciation:
In the first year of Yixi (405), Emperor Yixi of Jin'an, Tao Yuanming abandoned his official position and returned to his fields, and wrote "Return to Return" "Xi Ci". This lyrical poem not only marks the turning point in Yuanming's life, but also represents the pinnacle of creation that expresses the consciousness of retreat in the history of Chinese literature.
The full text describes the author's situation on the way back to his hometown and after arriving home, and imagines his future life in seclusion, thereby expressing the author's disgust for the officialdom at that time and his yearning for rural life. On the other hand, it also reveals the poet's negative thought of "happy to fate".
Yuanming started offering wine to the state in the 18th year of Taiyuan (393) of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, and then served as Peng Zeling in the first year of Yixi. In the past 13 years, he served several times as an official and retired several times. Yuanming had political ambitions, but the political society at that time was extremely dark. In the second year of Emperor Yuanxing's reign (403), the warlord Huan Xuan usurped the Jin Dynasty and called himself Emperor Chu. In the third year of Yuanxing, another warlord, Liu Yu, raised troops to attack Huan and invaded Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. By the first year of Yixi, Liu Yu completely controlled the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At this time, it was only fifteen years since Huanxuan usurped the Jin Dynasty. Along with these usurpations came countless massacres of dissidents and unjust wars. Yuanming loved freedom by nature, but the officialdom at that time was extremely decadent, flattering superiors and arrogant subordinates, doing random things, and losing all shame. An upright scholar had no place in the political society at that time, let alone realizing his ideals and ambitions. After thirteen years of twists and turns, Yuanming finally fully understood this. The fundamental opposition between Yuanming's character and political society destined him to make his final choice - to retire into seclusion.
It is an excellent essay with an orderly ending. The first half of the chapter, from "My family is poor" to "So I asked for it", briefly describes my tortuous experience of becoming an official because of my family's poverty. Among them, "Friends and relatives often persuaded me to become a senior official, and I was very happy", and "Peng Ze went home hundreds of miles away, and the benefits of the public land were enough to make wine, so he asked for it." They wrote about the real joy he had when he became an official in the past. Yearning shows the frank nature of the poet. From "Ji Shao Ri" to "November of the Year of Yi Si", the second half of the painting describes the reasons why he decided to abandon his official position and return to the fields. "Natural in nature, not the result of hard work" is the fundamental reason for abandoning office. After serving as an official for several times, the poet knew that becoming an official for the sake of "self-service" would mean losing oneself and "deeply ashamed of one's life ambitions". Therefore, "although hunger and cold may cut off", we will never want to "go against ourselves and get sick" again. Although the language is gentle, the will is as strong as gold and stone, and there is no turning back. As for "removing himself from office" due to the death of his sister, it is only a superficial reason. The preface is a reflection on the path of the first half of life. Ci is Yuanming's imagination and yearning for a new life when he left officialdom.
"Come back, come back, the fields will never come back!" These two sentences are like a warning to oneself, which expresses the profound understanding of life. In the poet's deep consciousness, pastoral is the root of human life and a symbol of free life. The decay of the countryside means the loss of roots and the loss of freedom. Coming back is the call of the countryside. It is also the call of the poet’s nature. "Since you take your heart as a slave, you feel melancholy and sad alone." This means that you make your mind a slave of your body. Since you are the one who suffers, why should you be melancholy and sad alone? Just let the past go. The poet's attitude towards life is solid. "When you understand the past and don't admonish it, you know that you can catch up with what is coming. It's not too far to go astray, and you realize that what you are now is but what you were yesterday was not." The past cannot be undone, but the future can be grasped. It is a mistake to become an official, but it is not too late to return to seclusion. This "enlightenment", "knowledge" and "awareness" show that the poet has grasped himself and gained new life. "The boat is sailing far away, the wind is blowing and the clothes are blowing. I ask my husband the way forward, and I hate the dim light of the morning." These four sentences describe the poet's imagination of returning home by land and water, day and night. The boat is so light and the wind is blowing the clothes, I can see the relief of abandoning the official position.
The morning light is dim, and I wish I could not see the road, but I see that my heart is like an arrow returning home. This is the rush to freedom out of prison. Even Lu Xing asked the pedestrians, that little thing was real and gratifying.
"I looked at the house and ran with joy. The servants welcomed me, and the children waited for the door." When he saw the door of his house, he ran with joy. The forty-one-year-old poet is still so innocent. The boy servants greeted him happily because the poet regarded him as a "son of man" and "met him kindly" (Xiao Tong's "Biography of Tao Yuanming"). The children are waiting at the door because their father is with them from now on. From this grand welcome arrangement, the image of the poet's wife can be clearly seen. "His wife Zhai is also able to work hard and be a comrade with him" (ibid.). Behind the cheering children is her quiet and joyful smile. "The three paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still remain. When you bring your children into the house, there are bottles of wine." Seeing that the paths he often walked when living in seclusion were already desolate, the poet suddenly felt regret for entering the official career by mistake; The pines and chrysanthemums in the deserted path also make the poet happy that his own nature still exists. If you bring a child into the house, you will see that your wife manages the home and takes care of the children, and is capable and virtuous. There was wine in the bottle, which was clearly the warmth of his wife. What a warm family, this is a guarantee of seclusion. "Introduce the cup to drink for yourself, gaze at the court to enjoy your face. Lean against the south window to express your pride, and it is easy to rest your knees when you look at your appearance." Drinking makes you happy, and your humble room is easy to settle down. It describes the poet's contentment and long-term happiness. Looking squinting at Tingke and leaning proudly against the south window, it describes the poet's loneliness and arrogance.
"The garden is immersed in the sun to make it interesting. Although the door is set up, it is always closed. We help the elderly to rest, and sometimes they straighten their heads and look out." The poet's mind and life have been isolated from the world and turned to nature. open. Walking in the garden every day is endless fun. Leaning on a stick, swimming or resting, always looking up into the distance, only the high sky and vast nature can accommodate the poet's arrogance. "The clouds have no intention of coming out of Xiu, and the birds know when they are tired of flying. The scenery is about to enter, and the lonely pines are caressing and lingering." The description of these four sentences obviously has far-reaching meaning. Ye Mengde of the Song Dynasty commented on the first two sentences of "Records of a Summer Vacation": "This is where Tao Yuanming comes from. Unless you really have this situation in your mind, you can't talk about it." The cloud "comes out" without intention, and the bird "flies tiredly" and "knows to return" ", indeed it is a metaphor for the poet's journey from being an official to retiring to seclusion. The following two sentences from the Qing Dynasty Tao Shu's annotation of Mr. Jingjie's Collection: "The min and Jin Dynasties are about to end, and they know that there is no time to do anything. They want to live in the rocks and hide in the valleys, staying away from the chaos, so that the common people can complete the withered festivals. "The sun is dim and setting in the west. Regardless of whether or not he feels pity for Jin Zuo, lingering on the lonely pine obviously symbolizes the poet's upright ambition. In this poem, "pine chrysanthemum", "tingke" and "lonely pine" are mentioned. In one article, there are three compliments. "I am coming back, asking for a break and a long journey. The world is contrary to me, so what can I ask for when I come back to talk to you." Since the poet is out of tune with the world, what else do he want to travel for? "Love words from relatives are pleasing to the ear, and music and music are used to calm down worries. Farmers tell me that spring will come, and they will have something to do in the west." Love words from relatives, and farmers talking about crops, are so sweet and true. I will no longer hear the annoying words about "you should wear a belt to see the official". In addition to music and music, nature is also a wonderful book that can’t be read endlessly, not to mention that it is spring full of hope. "It may be a carriage or a solitary boat. It is both graceful and graceful to find ravines, and also rugged to pass through hills."
Driving by boat, deep into the mountains and rivers, the mountain roads are deep and secluded, and the mountain roads are rugged, all of which arouse people's interest. . "The trees are flourishing, and the springs are trickling and beginning to flow. When all good things are harvested, I feel that my life is over." Nature is full of vitality and rhythm, which makes people happy and encouraging, but also makes people sigh with emotion. All things are flourishing and it is youthful, but I am almost old. "It's over, how long will it take to live in the inner world? I don't have to leave or stay as I please, why don't I care about what I want to do." Reflecting on the limitation of life, the more precious freedom becomes. You don’t have many years to live, so why not obey your heart’s wishes and why seek outside the world? “Wealth and honor are not my wish, and the imperial hometown cannot be expected.” The imperial hometown is the fairyland, which refers to the world of immortals in Taoism. In fact, it can also refer to the West in Buddhism. Pure land. Wealth and fame are not what I want, and the world on the other side is not trustworthy either. From this we can see through Yuan Ming’s philosophy of life. He not only denied secular political society, but also abandoned the religious world beyond. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when scholars were enthusiastic about official positions and Buddhism and Laoism were prevalent, his state of mind was not unsophisticated. His approach to life is serious and worldly. He wants to find the meaning of life and realize the value of life in his own life. "I wish I could go there alone, or plant a staff and work hard. I can climb to Donggao to soothe my whistle, and write poems by the clear stream." These four sentences are a concentrated description of the poet's ideal life. When the weather is nice, you go out, when the farm is busy, you cultivate, when you climb high, you scream, when you are near the water, you write poetry. Labor, nature, and humanity constitute the poet's full and fulfilling life. "The talk of multiplication will be exhausted, and the destiny of the happy man will return to ridicule." The last two sentences are a high-level summary of the poet's philosophy of life. "Book of Changes·Xici" says: "Happy Heaven knows destiny, so there is no need to worry." Transformation and destiny both refer to the way of nature. Let your life always conform to the way of nature, that is, you have realized the meaning of life. This is enough to be happy, this is happiness, and there is no doubt! This is a transcendent state, and at the same time it is down-to-earth.
"Come Back and Come Back" is a lyric poem in the style of poetry. The source of Ci style is "Chu Ci", especially "Li Sao". The realm of "Chu Ci" is the tragic realm of enthusiastic use of the world. The realm of "Returning to Lai Ci" is the transcendent realm of retreating from the world. Traditional Chinese scholars were educated in Confucianism and took active use of the world as their life ideal. In a historical era of extreme political darkness, the ideals of scholars could not be realized, and even their lives were not guaranteed. At this time, abandoning officialdom and returning to seclusion had real meaning. Its meaning is to refuse to cooperate with dark forces and to raise the spirit of independence and freedom. Tao Yuanming was the first person to truly, profoundly and comprehensively express this sense of seclusion through poetry.
This is the important significance of "Gui Gu Lai Xi Ci" in the history of Ci and literature.
During the Song Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, "Come Back and Lai Xi Ci" was rediscovered and reunderstood by people. Ouyang Xiu said: "There are no articles in Jin Dynasty, only Tao Yuanming's "Return". Song Xiang said: "Taogong's "Return" is the swan song of articles in the north and south." He evaluated the important position of this poem in the history of literature. Li Gefei said: "The poem "Returning to the Lai Ci" is as smooth as flowing out from the heart, but there is no trace of an axe." Zhu Xi said: "The meaning of the poem is vast and desolate. Although it has the sound of Chu, it does not express the disease of frowning. ” (the above quotation can be found in Tao Shu’s annotated edition) points out the true, natural and harmonious style of this poem. These comments by Song people are in line with reality.
Reading "Come Back and Coming Back" does not give people a sense of relaxation, because behind the poet's seeming carefreeness is a kind of sadness and helplessness. In essence, Tao Yuanming was not a pure hermit who only liked to travel around the mountains and rivers without paying attention to current affairs. Although he said that "his nature loves mountains and hills," deep down he wanted to benefit society. When Mr. Lu Xun talked about Tao Yuanming, he said: "In terms of poetry, in addition to "Seeing Nanshan leisurely" that the commentator admired, there are also "Jingwei holding a small tree will fill the sea, punishing the sky and dancing with the dead, and the strong will will be strong" His expressions like "King Kong's Angry Eyes" prove that he is not in a state of wandering all day and night. We feel the weight of these angry words.
Is the description of the scene in "Returning to the Ci" real or fictional? Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "The "Preface" says that the "Ci" was written in November, still in mid-winter; if it is a retrospective , directly recorded, are there any words such as "the trees are happy and prosperous", "all good things come at the right time", etc.? There are also "farmers tell me that spring is coming, and there will be something to do in the west", or "planting sticks and working hard" "Waiting for personnel? It is self-explanatory that it was imagined before returning." (See Qian Zhongshu's "Guan Zhui Bian" 1225~1226, Zhonghua Book Company, 1979) In this way, the first major writing feature of this article is. Imagine. The author is not writing about the scene in front of his eyes, but the scene in his imagination and the scene in his heart. So, is there any difference between writing about the scene in your heart and the scene in front of you? The scene in front of you is what you see. The scene comes first and then the text. The text and scene are consistent, and the emphasis is on truth; the scene in your heart is the scene of creation. , Follow what your heart likes, follow your emotions. When you see a scene in your heart, you may not have the scene. If you have a scene, it may not be true. It is just a lyrical expression.
The language of this article is very beautiful. The poems are mainly six-character sentences, with three-character sentences, four-character sentences, seven-character sentences and eight-character sentences in between. They are catchy and have melodious rhythm. The sentence is lined with the words "zhi", "yi", "er", etc., which is soothing and elegant. Sometimes words with overlapping sounds are used, which has a strong sense of music. For example, "The boat is far away and the wind is blowing, and the clothes are blowing", "The trees are blooming and flourishing, and the spring is trickling and starting to flow." Use more dual sentences, whether they are positive or negative, they are just right. The description is combined with lyricism and discussion. Sometimes it depicts scenes, sometimes it is lyrical, and sometimes it is discussion. It has scenery, emotion, reason, and interest.
Finally, although Tao Yuanming retired to the countryside, regardless of whether his approach was positive or negative, he was different from the working people after all. Whether he wrote "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" or "Returning to the Fields", it was actually a phenomenon of that era, and he was not the only one to retreat to the countryside. However, his seclusion created a writer and formed a literary style that will shine brightly in the history of Chinese literature and illuminate for thousands of years. Ouyang Xiu said: "There are no articles in the Jin Dynasty, only one piece of Tao Yuanming's "Return and Come Back"." Although this is an exaggeration, it can show its status in the history of literature.
Translation
My family is poor and cannot support ourselves through farming. There are many children, there is no food in the rice vat, and there is no solution for everything needed to maintain life. Most of my relatives and friends advised me to become an official. I also had this idea in my heart, but there was no way to get an official position. It happened that there were officials who were going out on envoys. The local officials regarded it as a virtue to cherish talents. My uncle also helped me because my family was poor, so I was appointed to be an official in a small county. At that time, the society was in turmoil, and I was afraid of becoming an official in a distant place. Pengze County is a hundred miles away from home, and the grain harvested in the public fields is enough to make wine for drinking, so I asked to go there. After a few days, I felt nostalgic for my hometown. Why is that? Nature is allowed to take its own course, which cannot be forced; although hunger and cold come urgently, if you go against your original intention and become an official, you will feel pain both physically and mentally. In the past, when working for officials, they all used themselves for food. So I felt melancholy and felt deeply ashamed of my lifelong ambitions. After waiting only one more year, he packed up and left overnight. Soon, my sister who married into the Cheng family passed away in Wuchang. I felt as urgent as a galloping horse to mourn her, and I asked to be relieved of my official position. From the second month of autumn to winter, I worked for more than eighty days. Because of his resignation, his wish came true and he wrote an article titled "Going Back". This time is November of the Yisi year (the first year of Yixi, the reign of Emperor Jin'an).
Go home! The countryside is almost deserted, why not go back? Since my soul is at the mercy of my body, why am I so frustrated and sad alone? Recognize that the mistakes of the past are irreversible, and know that there is still time to make amends for the future. It is probably not too far away that you have indeed gone astray. You have realized that what you are doing now is right and what you did in the past was wrong. The boat floats gently on the water, and the breeze blows the clothes. I asked pedestrians about the road ahead, but unfortunately it was just getting light.
When I just saw my humble home, I was so happy that I ran over.
The servants came to greet him happily, and the children waited in front of the door or in the yard. The path in the yard is almost deserted, but pine trees and chrysanthemums are still growing there; when I take the children into the house, the wine bottles are already filled with wine. I picked up the flask and glass and poured myself a drink, looking at the trees in the garden (which made me) look happy; I leaned against the south window to express my pride in the world, knowing that this small place would easily make me feel at ease. Walking in the garden (alone) every day becomes a pleasure. The door of the small garden is often closed; I walk around with a cane and rest, and I always look up at the distance (sky). White clouds naturally floated out from the mountain peaks, and the tired birds also knew how to fly back to their nests; the sun was dim and the mountains were about to set, but I couldn't bear to leave, and I lingered with my hand on the lonely pine.
Go back! Let me cut off all contact with the outside world. Everything about them is contrary to my interests, so why should I drive out to pursue them? Talking with relatives and friends makes me happy, playing the piano and reading can make me forget my sorrow; the farmer told me the news that spring is coming, and he will go to the fields in the west to cultivate. Sometimes I drive a small car with a cloth cover, sometimes I paddle a small boat, not only to explore the deep ravines, but also to walk through the rugged hills. The trees are flourishing and the springs are flowing slowly. (I) envy that all things coincide with the season of prosperity and growth, and lament that my life is coming to an end.
Forget it! How long can the body remain in heaven and earth? Why not just do whatever you want and let nature take its course? Why are you so restless and where else do you want to go? Wealth and honor are not what I seek, and there is no hope of ascending to the immortal world. Cherishing the beautiful scenery in those good times, I would enjoy it alone, or I would use my stick to weed and cultivate; I would climb up the eastern hillside and sing loudly, singing poems by the clear stream; I would just let nature change me until the end of my life. Le'an Destiny, what else is there to doubt?
Preface Notes
(1) Farming is not enough to support oneself: plowing: plowing the fields. Plant: plant mulberry. since. Give: supply. Self-sufficiency: Provide for one's own life.
(2) Childishness fills the room, but there is no grain in the bottle: childishness: refers to children. filled. Bottle: refers to a pottery container used to hold rice, such as a bèng (bèng) or an urn.
(3) The capital for life has not been seen: Shengsheng: It is still said to maintain a living. The former word "生" is a verb, and the latter word "生" is a noun. Capital: by virtue of. Skills: This refers to the ability to make a living.
(4) Chief official: County official with a higher position. Refers to petty officials.
(5) Tuoran: casual appearance. Youhuai: The heart is moved (referring to the idea of ??becoming an official).
(6) Mitu: There is no way.
(7) There will be things happening in all directions: It happens that an envoy is going to another place. Will: coincidentally. Sifang: means to go everywhere
(8) Princes: refers to the governors of states and counties.
(9) Jia Shu: refers to Tao Kuí (kuí), who was Taichang Qing at that time. To: because.
(10) See: being.
(11) Storm: refers to the melee between warlords. Quiet: peaceful.
(12) Fear: fear. Servant: serve.
(13) Pengze: County name. In the east of today's Hukou County, Jiangxi Province.
(14) Juanran: the look of missing someone. The feeling of returning (yú): the mood of going back.
(15) He: What. Principle: Principle.
(16) Qualitative: nature. Jiao Li: artificial and reluctant.
(17) Cut: urgent. Go against oneself: go against one's own conscience. Diaobing: refers to suffering from mental pain.
(18) Taste: once. From personnel: engaged in personnel exchanges during the official career. Refers to being an official.
(19) Dietary self-indulgence: driving oneself to satisfy the needs of food and drink.
(20) Disappointment: Frustrated.
(21) Ju: hesitant, hesitant. Wang: wait and see. Yimin (rěn): One harvest from public fields. Min, the grain is ripe.
(22) Lianshang: pack up. Xiao: starry night. Pass away: leave.
(23) Xun: Soon. Cheng's sister: Married to the younger sister of the Cheng family. Wuchang: present-day Echeng County, Hubei Province.
(24) Feeling: the mood of mourning. In: Like. Jun Ben: In a hurry to go to the funeral.
(25) Zhongqiu: the eighth month of the lunar calendar.
(26) Matter: Resign. Shun: go smoothly. Heart: wish.
(27) Yisi Year: The first year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an.
Text Notes
(1) Go back to Laixi: It means "go back." Come, particle, meaningless. Xi, modal particle.
(2) The countryside will be deserted: The countryside will be deserted, why not go back? The fields are deserted. Hu, same as "he", why.
(3) Since the heart is the slave of the form: let the mind be the slave of the body. It means that you did not want to be an official, but in order to avoid hunger and cold, you became an official against your original intention. Heart, will. Shape, form, refers to the body. servitude, servitude. It means that the action or behavior has been completed, so it can be interpreted as "once".
(4) Xi melancholy but only sad: why is it sad and frustrated. Xi, He, why. A melancholy and frustrated look.
(5) Understanding the past and never admonishing it: Realizing that past mistakes (pointing to officialdom) are irreversible. Remonstrate, admonish, dissuade.
(6) He who knows what is coming can be chased: Knowing what will happen in the future (referring to seclusion), there is still time to make amends. Remonstrate, dissuade, and restore. Chase, remedy.
(7) It’s not too far to go astray: It’s probably not too far to go astray. If you are lost, point it out and become an official.
(8) is: correct. Not: Error.
(9) The boat is far away with a light float (yáng): the boat floats gently on the water and moves forward. Far away, wandering and wandering. To, table modification. Yang, flying, describes the brisk movement of a ship.
(10) Ask Zhengfu about the way ahead: Ask pedestrians about the distance ahead. Zheng Husband, pedestrian.
(11) Hate the faintness of the morning light: Unfortunately, the sky has just brightened. Hate: Regret. Xiwei, the sky is dim.
(12) Looking at the house: I just saw my own house. Yes, then, then. Look far away. House, a house with a horizontal wooden door, refers to a simple house. Heng means "horizontal". Yu, eaves, here refers to the residence.
Zai (zai) Xin Zaiben: Happy and running at the same time.
(13) Child: young child.
(14) The three paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still remain: The paths in the yard are almost deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still grow there. Three paths, alleys in the courtyard. After Jiang Xu (xǔ) in the Han Dynasty lived in seclusion, he opened three paths under the bamboo in the courtyard, allowing only a few friends to come and go. Later, Sanjing became the name for the hermit's residence. Just, close.
(15) Yingzun: full cup.
(16) Quotation: Bring it. 觞(shāng). Xiao (miǎn) Tingke Yiyiyan: Looking at the trees in the yard, I feel very happy. Xiao, look sideways. Here it means "just take a look". Ke, branch. To: for. Make the face look happy.
(17) Expression of pride: Expression of pride and contentment. Ao means proud of the world.
(18) It’s easy to judge one’s appearance: I feel very comfortable living in a simple hut. Check, understand. A small room that can only accommodate two knees is extremely small.
(19) Walking in the garden every day becomes a pleasure: Walking in the garden every day is a pleasure of its own. To involve, to get involved, to go.
(20) Help the elderly to rest (qì): Go out for a walk with a cane and rest anytime and anywhere. Ce, leaning on it. Support the elderly with a cane. rest, rest. Wandering and resting means not having a fixed place, just walking around and resting.
(21) Always raise your head and look far away: always raise your head and look into the distance. To correct, to lift. Ya, far.
(22) Yun Wuxin comes out of Xiu (xiù): Clouds naturally emerge from the mountains. Unintentionally, unintentionally. Xiu, a mountain with caves, here generally refers to a mountain peak.
(23) Jingyi (yì) Yin is about to enter: the sun is dim and the sun is about to set. Scenery, daylight. Yiyi, dark appearance.
(24) Caressing the lonely pine and lingering: Wandering with the lonely pine in hand. Wandering: hovering, wandering, lingering.
(25) Please stop dating to stop traveling: Stop communicating, stop interacting with people, and cut off communication. It means that we no longer have anything to do with the officialdom.
(26) The world is contrary to me, so what can I ask for when I come back to ask: The world is contrary to what I think, what else can I try to explore? Driving, driving, here refers to traveling by car to pursue what you want. Words, particles.
(27) Love words: intimate words.
(28) Chunji: Spring has arrived.
(29) Something will happen in Xichou: Farming will begin in the fields to the west. Having something to do refers to farming matters. Things, here refers to farming. Domain, field.
(30) Or life scarf car: Sometimes a small car with a curtain is called. A carriage, a small carriage with a curtain. Or, sometimes.
(31) or 湣(zhào) Guzhou: sometimes rowing a small boat. 棹, the original meaning is oar. The noun here is used as a verb, meaning to paddle.
(32) Looking for ravines: passing through deep and winding valleys. Slim and graceful, with a deep and winding appearance. Gully, ravine.
(33) It is also rugged and passes through the hills: walking through uneven mountain roads.
(34) The trees are flourishing: the vegetation is lush. Xinxin and Xiangrong both mean lush vegetation.
(35) Trickle: The flow of water is subtle.
(36) When I get all the good things, I feel that my life is over: I envy all things in nature that grow and flourish in time as soon as spring comes, and I lament that my life is coming to an end. Kindness, joy, envy. The trip is about to end.
(37) It’s already over: Forget it! The particle “矣” is used together with “hu” to strengthen the exclamation tone.
(38) How long does it take to stay in the shape of the universe? (hé) You don’t have to decide whether to stay or leave: How long can you live in this world? Why not follow your own wishes and care about life and death? Metamorphosis, parasitism. Within the universe, between heaven and earth. Huo, He. Be willing to do whatever you want. To stay or go refers to life and death.
(39) What more could Hu want to say: Why is he so uneasy and where do he want to go? Not to mention, uneasy look. Go.
(40) The imperial land cannot be expected: the fairyland cannot be reached. Imperial Township, Immortal Township, the place where gods live. Expectation, hope, attainment.
(41) Cherish the good times and go alone: ??Cherish the good times and go out alone. To cherish, to cherish, to cherish. The good time refers to the spring when everything is in season as mentioned above. Go out alone, go out alone.
(42) Or plant a cane and work hard: sometimes use a cane to weed and cultivate seedlings. Plant, stand, support. Weeding, weeding. To cultivate the soil.
(43) Climb to Donggao (gāo) to roar: Climb to the high ground to the east and roar loudly, Gao, high ground. Howl, a long and clear sound coming from the mouth. Shu, let go.
(44) Let’s go through the journey of life naturally. Chat: For now. Multiply and transform, following the changes of nature. Ending: to death. End means death.
(45) Lefu’s destiny returns to Xi Yi: Le’an’s destiny, what else is there to doubt? Reply: There is also. Doubt: Doubt.
Creation background
In the first year of Yixi (405), Emperor An of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming abandoned his official position and returned to his fields, and wrote "Come Back and Come Back". Tao Yuanming began to serve as an official at the age of 29. He served as an official for thirteen years. He always hated officialdom and longed for the countryside. When he was 41 years old in the first year of Yixi, he served as an official for the last time. He served as the magistrate of Pengze County for more than 80 days and then resigned and returned home. He never became an official again. According to "Book of Song·Biography of Tao Qian" and Xiao Tong's "Biography of Tao Yuanming", Tao Yuanming returned to seclusion out of dissatisfaction with the decadent reality. At that time, a postal supervisor from the county came to Pengze for inspection, and the officials asked him to greet him with a belt as a sign of respect. He said angrily: "I don't want to bow down to a village boy for five buckets of rice!" He immediately resigned from his post and wrote "Come Back and Come Back" to clarify his aspirations.
Tao Yuanming started offering wine to the state in the 18th year of Taiyuan (393) of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty, and became the magistrate of Pengze County in the first year of Yixi. During these 13 years, he served several times as an official, and several times Go into seclusion. Tao Yuanming had political ambitions, but the political society at that time was extremely dark. In the second year of Emperor Yuanxing's reign (403), the warlord Huan Xuan usurped the Jin Dynasty and called himself Emperor Chu. In the third year of Yuanxing (404), another warlord Liu Yu launched an army to attack Huan and invaded Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. By the first year of Yixi (405), Liu Yu completely controlled the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At this time, it was only fifteen years since Huanxuan usurped the Jin Dynasty. Along with these usurpations came countless massacres of dissidents and unjust wars. Tao Yuanming loved freedom by nature, but the officialdom at that time was extremely corrupt, flattering superiors and arrogant subordinates, doing random things, and losing all integrity. An upright scholar had no place in the political society at that time, let alone realizing his ideals and ambitions. After thirteen years of twists and turns, Tao Yuanming finally fully understood this point. The fundamental opposition between Tao Yuanming's character and political society destined him to make his final decision - to retire into seclusion.
Title
This article was written when the author resigned from Peng Zeling and returned home in the first year of Emperor Yixi of Jin'an (AD 405). It is divided into two sections: "Preface" and "Ci". It is a stylistic name similar to "Fu". The "Preface" explains the reasons why he became an official and why he resigned from office. "Ci" expresses the determination to return to the fields, the joyful mood when returning to the fields, and the fun after returning to the fields. "Gui Qu Lai Xi" means "go back", and "Lai" and "Xi" are modal particles.
Through the praise of pastoral life and the praise of labor life, the author expresses the infinite joy of breaking away from officialdom and the infinite fun of retreating to the countryside, expressing his yearning and love for nature and secluded life. Narration, discussion, and lyricism are cleverly combined; it embodies emotions in the scene, is sincere and full of interest; the writing is concise, the writing style is fresh, the syllables are harmonious, rich in musical beauty, and the structure is rigorous and thoughtful.
About the author
Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), whose courtesy name was Yuanliang, changed his name to Qian in his later years and whose courtesy name was Yuanming. His nickname is Mr. Wuliu, his private nickname is Jingjie, and he is known as Mr. Jingjie in the world. A native of Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). He was an outstanding poet, poet, and essayist from the late Eastern Jin Dynasty to the early Liu Song Dynasty. Known as "the sect of reclusive poets" and "the originator of the pastoral poetry school". He is the first literary giant in Jiangxi. He once served as Jiangzhou Jijiu, Jianwei Army Joiner, Zhenjun Army Joiner, and Pengze County Magistrate. His last official career was as Pengze County Magistrate. He abandoned his post after more than eighty days and retired to his countryside. He is China's first pastoral poet and is known as "the sect of reclusive poets in ancient and modern times". He has "The Collection of Tao Yuanming".