Li Ang (809-840), Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty, was the second son of Emperor Mu Zong, and his maternal virginity was dedicated to the Empress Xiao. Born on October 10th in the fourth year of Yuanhe, he was granted the title of King of Jiang in the first year of Changqing, and his first name was Han. On December 8, the second year of Baoli, Jingzong was killed. The eunuch Liu Keming and others corrected the decree and ordered Hanlin scholar Lu Sui to draft a posthumous edict and use Jiang Wang Li Wuquan to engage in military and state affairs. Liu Keming and others also wanted to replace the eunuchs in power, that is, the "four nobles" among the eunuchs: privy envoys Wang Shoucheng and Yang Chenghe, and lieutenants Wei Congjian and Liang Shouqian. Seeing that their own power was involved, Wang Shoucheng and other four people discussed and decided to welcome Jiang Wang Li Han into the palace with guards, and mobilized the army and flying dragon soldiers to attack the traitors. They killed Liu Keming and others, and King Jiang Li Wu was killed by the rebels. Wang Shoucheng and others discussed with Wei Chuhou, a Hanlin scholar, and adopted Wei Chuhou's suggestion: Jiang Wang Li Han used "teaching" to announce to China and foreign countries that the civil strife had been quelled. The ministers persuaded Jiang Wang to advance, and the Empress Dowager enthroned Jiang Wang as the emperor. On the twelfth day, Li Han, king of Jiang, ascended the throne as emperor and was renamed Li Ang, who was Wenzong. In February of the next year, it was changed to Yuan Taihe. >When Wenzong was the prince, he was well aware of the problems between the Mu and Jing dynasties. After taking the throne, he abandoned extravagance and became frugal. Three thousand maids were sent out; five eagles and dogs were released except for hunting; items for the palace were provided according to the regulations of Zhenyuan; more than 1,200 redundant staff in the provincial teaching office, Hanlin, and superintendents were cut; all government offices were stopped to add food and clothing; Yumafangchang and the Pitian occupied by Biezhuqian Valley in recent years were all assigned to the relevant government agencies. All the embroidery and carvings requested from various places during the reign of Emperor Zong were discarded. During the reign of Emperor Jingzong, he only sat in court once or twice a month. Emperor Wenzong restored the old system and went to court on a single day. He summoned the prime ministers and ministers to visit political affairs, summoned the officials to be appointed, and stayed in court on odd days. Wenzong's first administration was quite successful, and the government and the public congratulated each other, thinking that peace was expected. However, Wenzong was faced with a situation of declining national power and numerous problems. The separatist rule of vassal towns, eunuch dictatorship, and crony warfare have always troubled him. >In March of the second year of Baoli, Li Quanlue, the commander-in-chief of Henghai Festival, passed away. After his son Li Tongjie was good at taking over, he bribed neighboring towns in order to inherit the position of commander-in-chief. The imperial court remained indifferent for a year. In May of the first year of Taihe (827), the imperial court appointed Wu Chongyin, the envoy of Tianping Festival, as the envoy of Henghai Festival, and Li Tongjie, the envoy of Yanhai Festival. In July, Li Tongjie was exempted from the imperial edict. Wuning Jiedushi Wang Zhixing asked Li Tongjie, and the court agreed. In August, Wenzong cut Li Tongjie's official title and ordered Wu Chongyin, Wang Zhixing and others to lead an army to attack him. Chengde Jiedu envoy Wang Tingcuo and Wei Bo Jiedu envoy Shi Xiancheng both assisted Li Tongjie. It was not until April of the third year of Taihe that Li Tongjie was pacified. The rebellion had just subsided, but another mutiny broke out in Weibo in June. Shi Xiancheng, the Jiedushi envoy, was killed, and He Jintao, the envoy of Fengdu Zhiwuma, was retained. However, Li Ting, the Jiedushi envoy of Weibo appointed by the imperial court, was rejected. He Jintao attacked Li Ting in the seventh month, and Li Ting was defeated. The imperial court deployed troops to Hebei for three years, but was unable to provide any supplies, so it had to compromise. In August, He Jintao was ordered to serve as Wei Bo's envoy, and the three prefectures of Xiang, Wei, and Chan were returned to him. >In February of the fourth year of Taihe, there was a military uprising in Xingyuan. Jiedu envoy Li Yi, judge Zhao Cunyue, Yajiang Wang Jingyan, and judge Xue Qi were all killed, and Li Yi's family was massacred. In March, Wen Zao, the envoy of Jiedu of Shannan West Road, took office and arrived at Baocheng, where Xingyuan was located. When he met Wei Zhizhong, the general of Xingyuan, who was returning his army, Wen Zao conspired with him to kill the rebellious army. He advocated the execution of the rebellious Yang Yuan and Li Li. Yi's murderer. In the first month of the fifth year of Taihe, Lulong's army rebelled instigated by deputy military envoy Yang Zhicheng. Jiedu envoy Li Zaiyi and his son fled to Yizhou. The governor of Mozhou was killed. Prime Minister Niu Sengru blindly tolerated Lulong, believing that Lulong had not been owned by the state since Anshi. , Yang Zhicheng got it today, just like Li Zaiyi got it before, regardless of their disobedience to the court. Therefore, in February, Yang Zhicheng was appointed as the queen of Lulong, and in April, Yang Zhicheng was appointed as the governor of Youzhou. In October of the eighth year of Taihe, Yang Zhicheng was driven out by the rebel army again. The military envoy Shi Yuanzhong took charge of military affairs. In December, Shi Yuanzhong was appointed as Lu Long's rear guard. >In November of the eighth year of Taihe, Chengde Jiedu envoy Wang Tinggong died. His son Wang Yuankui was sent to stay in the army. Wang Yuankui was different from his father and was very polite to the court. In the first month of the ninth year, Wang Yuankui was appointed as the Chengde Festival Envoy. In June of the second year of Kaicheng (837), the army in Heyang was in chaos, and Jiedushi Li Yong fled to Huaizhou. This is a vassal town in the mainland. The imperial court ordered General Zuo Jinwu and Li Zhifang to be the governor of Heyang. In August, Li Zhifang quelled the rebellion. In September of the third year of Kaicheng, Zhang Pan, the envoy of Yiwu Jiedu, died. The army wanted to appoint his son Zhang Yuanyi. After observing and staying, he disagreed and was killed. He also killed more than ten generals. The imperial court ordered Li Zhongqian to be the military governor of Yiwu, but the army did not accept it. The imperial court dismissed Li Zhongqian for this. In the final settlement of the issue of Yiwu, Wenzong's approach was more appropriate: the prime minister advocated the use of troops. Wenzong believed that Yiwu was small and poor, and half of its military resources depended on the state. "If you rush to Yiwu, you will do nothing, and if you slow down, it will change on its own." "(Volume 246 of "Zizhi Tongjian", three years after Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty was established). He also appointed Zhang Yuanyi as governor of the state, and issued an edict that as long as Zhang Yuanyi left Dingzhou (the area governed by Yiwu Town), those who rebelled against Yiwu would be pardoned. In November, Zhang Yuanyi left Dingzhou and the incident was settled. >It can be seen that during the reign of Emperor Wenzong, chaos continued in the vassal towns. The imperial court still had the power to command the vassal towns in the interior, but was completely unable to control the vassal towns in Hebei. It could only compromise, appease, and even win over the vassal towns through promotions and promotions. Wenzong was founded by eunuchs, and he was well aware of the dangers of eunuchs taking advantage of their power. In March of the second year of Taihe, Wen Zong personally planned and promoted the officials, and Liu Bi took countermeasures, saying that the eunuchs would cause harm. He believed: "Your Majesty should worry first. The palace will be changed, the country will be in danger, the world will fall, and the sea will be in chaos." He pointed out that "Langsi holds the power to abolish and establish the emperor, and the emperor will not be able to rectify his end, so your majesty will not be able to rectify his end." Beginning." These words struck a chord with the eunuchs and deeply touched Wenzong.
Wenzong was always concerned about the execution of Xianzong and Jingzong and the rebellion against the party. Regarding the eunuchs' monopolization of power and expansion of power, Wang Shoucheng, the lieutenant of the Shence Army Guards, was particularly tyrannical and used power and bribes. Wenzong was unable to stop it and was very sad and tried to solve the eunuch problem. . Emperor Wenzong once discussed privately with Song Shenxi, a Hanlin scholar, about the issue of eunuchs who exercised power and were domineering. Shenxi of the Song Dynasty was born as a Jinshi, and during his reign he was "prudent, cautious and clean, and did not follow party affiliation" (Old Tang Book, Volume 167, "Song Shenxi Biography"). Seeing that Song Shenxi was loyal, cautious and trustworthy, Emperor Wenzong asked Song Shenxi how he should deal with Wang Shoucheng and other eunuchs. Song Shenxi advocated that eunuchs with high power and high positions who oppressed the emperor could be gradually removed. Emperor Wenzong asked Song Shenxi to discuss with the court officials to remove the powerful officials. >In June of the fourth year of Taihe, Emperor Wenzong promoted Shenxi of the Song Dynasty to the position of Shangshu Youcheng. In July, he promoted Zhang Shi. Shenxi of the Song Dynasty introduced Wang, the minister of the Ministry of Personnel, as Jing Zhaoyin, and informed him of Wenzong's secret decree to kill the powerful eunuchs. Wang leaked his plan. After Wang Shoucheng and his party Zheng Zhu knew about it, they began to make preparations. In February of the fifth year of Taihe, Zheng Zhu instigated Doulu, the Marquis of Shen Ce, to falsely accuse Song Shenxi of seeking to establish King Zhang. Li Chou, king of Zhang, was Wenzong's younger brother and had a reputation as a virtuous man. On the 29th, Wang Shoucheng reported this false accusation to Wenzong. Wenzong was originally jealous of King Zhang, so he believed what he said and became angry. Wang Shoucheng wanted to send 200 cavalry to massacre Song Shenxi's family. He was dissuaded by Feilong Army envoy and eunuch Ma Cunliang. That day was the ten-day holiday for officials (on the third tenth day of each month, one day off every ten-day period), Wen Zong sent the envoy to summon the prime minister, but Song Shenxi was not summoned. In Yanying Hall, Wenzong showed Wang Shoucheng's memorial, and all the prime ministers were stunned for a moment. Wenzong ordered Wang Shoucheng to capture Doulu Zhu and Wang Shiwen, a close attendant of Song Shenxi, and interrogate them in prison. Wang Shiwen escaped. On the second day of the third lunar month, Shenxi of the Song Dynasty dismissed his prime minister and became the right concubine. No one among the prime ministers dared to defend the case. Only Dali Qing Wang Zhengya and others asked the foreign court to verify the case. On the fourth day of March, the prison was completed, and the ministers requested that the prison affairs be handed over to the foreign court for review. Emperor Wenzong refused, and the ministers refused to retreat. He believed that Song Shenxi was already the prime minister, so it would not be like this! Zheng Zhu was afraid that the false accusation would be discovered, so he gave Wang Shoucheng advice and demoted Song Shenxi and Zhang Wang Li Couo. This shows that Wenzong did not trust people and had no insight. >After Song Shenxi was demoted, the eunuchs became even more tyrannical. Wenzong seemed tolerant on the surface, but in reality he couldn't bear it. He also knew that Song Shenxi was wronged and was still ready to kill the powerful eunuchs. Zheng Zhu (who advanced through medical skills) and Li Xun (who advanced through oral argument and power), who relied on Wang Shoucheng to get close to Wenzong, guessed what Wenzong meant, and Li Xun repeatedly expressed his dissatisfaction with the eunuchs. Wenzong thought that Li Xun and Zheng Zhu were talented and could plan big things with them; and because Wang Shoucheng was close to the emperor, the eunuchs would not suspect them, so they made plans with them. Li Xun and Zheng Zhu took it as their duty to kill the eunuchs.