Second, according to the building structure, floors, plane layout, basic conditions, etc. There are mainly the following forms:
1, strip foundation, mainly used for multi-storey brick-concrete buildings;
2. Independent foundation, mainly used for multi-story frame structure and steel structure.
3. Pile foundation, mainly used for high-rise buildings and buildings with insufficient foundation bearing capacity;
4. Raft foundation is mainly used for buildings with insufficient foundation bearing capacity, underground buildings with civil air defense projects or underground garages;
5. Box foundation is mainly used for high-rise buildings.
Extended data:
1. Independent foundations (single foundations).
① Independent foundation under column: Independent foundation is the main type of column foundation.
(2) Independent foundation under the wall: Independent foundation under the wall is a foundation form adopted to save foundation materials and reduce earthwork excavation when the upper soil is soft and there is a good soil layer in depth.
Second, strip foundation.
① Strip foundation under the wall: Strip foundation is the main form of load-bearing wall foundation. When the load of the superstructure is large and the soil quality is poor, reinforced concrete masonry can be used, and the reinforced concrete strip foundation under the wall is generally not ribbed; Conditions of ribbed strip foundation: the compressibility of foundation is uneven in the horizontal direction, in order to increase the integrity of foundation and reduce uneven settlement.
(2) Reinforced concrete strip foundation under the column: When the foundation is weak and the load is heavy, it can be made into a reinforced concrete strip foundation to enhance the integrity of the foundation and save costs.
3. Cross foundation under the column: A high-rise building with heavy load can be made into a cross foundation if the soil is weak.
4. Raft foundation: If the foundation is weak, the load is heavy, the cross foundation still can't meet the requirements, or the spacing between adjacent foundation grooves is very small, reinforced concrete can be used to make the whole raft foundation. According to different structures, it can be divided into two types: flat plate type and beam plate type.
5. Box foundation: Its main feature is high rigidity, which reduces the additional stress at the bottom of the foundation, so it is suitable for some important buildings with thick soft soil layer, large load and small building area. At present, box foundations are mostly used in high-rise buildings.
Foundation refers to the enlarged part of the wall or column of a building based on foundation buried underground. The design and detection of foundation is an important part of the work of architectural engineers.