Category: Computer/Network>> Software
Problem description:
I graduated from a technical secondary school and studied computer applications, and I only learned a little bit. , now my sister asked me to learn the software genesis, but I have never heard of this software. Will it be difficult to learn? So troublesome. Got it, can you help me?
Analysis:
The word Genesis itself means: creation; origin; occurrence, generation
Genesis is a computer-aided manufacturing software for circuit boards. It is developed by It was developed by Frontline, a joint venture between Israel's Orbotech and Valor, and it is constantly developing more functions. It also allows you to develop and design functions that suit your own specifications.
There are many computer-aided manufacturing software for circuit boards similar to Genesis2000, such as CAM350, V2000, GC-CAM, U-CAM, ParCAM, etc., but compared with Genesis2000:
1. The function is not as powerful as Genesis2000. The most outstanding thing is that Genesis2000 can automatically correct many errors.
2. It is not as easy to learn as Genesis2000 and is difficult to learn.
3. It is not as easy to operate as Genesis2000, but Genesis2000 is more intuitive.
Because Genesis2000 has so many advantages, it is widely used by many large and small circuit board factories and optical painting companies. Those who cannot afford the genuine version are willing to use pirated versions. What must be made clear is: our training is not to teach you how to design circuit boards, but to process the circuit boards designed by others with Genesis2000 according to the machine capabilities of the factory, and provide certain tools (such as various Film, drill tape, gong tape, etc.), which is convenient for production and plays an auxiliary manufacturing role. In other words, what you are learning is within the scope of CAM, not within the scope of CAD.
Generally speaking, when a circuit board factory receives an order from a customer, the customer will provide his own sample information in the form of a computer file. We modify the original data file provided by the customer to make it convenient for our factory. The machines produce circuit boards that meet customer requirements.
For example: the drilling machine in the drilling department first reads the drilling file into the machine, and then drills holes according to the content of the drilling file. Suppose the customer requires that a certain type of hole be drilled to 40mil on a certain model of circuit board. Sometimes the drilling machine in the factory cannot read the drilling file provided by the customer, so it cannot directly use the customer's original file for production. Even if the hole is drilled sometimes The machine can understand the original drilling file provided by the customer. It is not possible to drill only 40 mil directly. Since the subsequent steps after drilling the hole in the circuit board production process will add copper to the hole wall, the final result will only be Less than 40mil. Based on the above reasons, we can enlarge the hole and then output the drilling file into a file that can be read by the drilling machine in the factory. This is the role of computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), to help with actual production.
Film is used in the exposure process, which is similar to photographic films in daily life. The exposure process is to print the circuit image on the film onto the copper surface, and then etch away the unnecessary copper with potion, leaving Useful copper to form lines. Film is drawn with a light plotter, so how does a light plotter draw it? It is based on the content of the light painting file, and the light painting file is actually the data output we made using Genesis2000. Our data is modified based on the original data provided by the customer, but when modifying Taking into account the machine capabilities of the factory. According to the process, film can be divided into inner layer film, outer layer film, solder mask film and text film.
Film is a film that has an image after being exposed to light. It can be understood as the negative you get after taking a photo, except that the image above is not a human face, but a line image. Of course, its size Bigger than your photographic film.
A light painting file is a computer file used by a light plotter to draw film. You can’t touch it with your hands. It is stored on the computer and can be provided to the light plotter in some way. The content of the code can be read by the machine, and it tells the machine how to control the light exposure to form an image.
The drilling file (also called drill tape) is also a computer file. You cannot touch it. It contains the sequence of drill bits used by the drilling machine, the size of the drill nozzle, and the drilling position. etc.
Genesis2000 uses the Valor Genesis 2000 CAM system, which can make the CAM operation process into multiple standard modules according to different layers and material specifications, automate analysis, edit data processing, reduce manual errors and Increase work efficiency.
1. D-code and Gerber are automatically input to avoid the risk of manual input errors.
2. Compare the original Net list with the working Net list to avoid human errors caused by CAM design.
3. On line DRC (Design Rule Check) throughout the design process, which can prevent functional signals from being changed, and line width and spacing signals will not change due to editing.
4. PCB Gerber can be analyzed and checked, such as:
(1) PWR GND is broken or short-circuited
(2) Whether drilling holes are missing
< p> (3) Whether the solder pad is missing(4) Whether the solder mask is missing
(5) Whether the solder pad extends beyond the solder mask surface
(6 ) Whether the text or solder mask touches the solder pad
5. Process errors are automatically compensated by the computer.
6. Characteristic impedance, multi-layer overlap, automatic calculation and analysis.
7. The CAM workflow is programmed and there is no quality difference due to different engineers. After the data is converted, it is transmitted to peripheral process network equipment, such as laser plotters, molding machines, drilling machines, computer network testing equipment and automatic comparison optical machines, all under computer numerical control.
8. Write Genesis DFM automated programs (SCRIPTS) to process data efficiently and quickly.
Analysis of the source code of various CAM files (such as drill tape, gong tape, Gerber files);
Understanding the source code of Genesis 2000 ERF files and their modifications;
Understanding and writing Genesis 2000 Hook programs;
Personalized modifications to the codes for various Genesis 2000 operations to improve work efficiency and adapt the software to your current work;
Genesii 2000 Script program basic knowledge and general writing, etc.
Introduction to Genesis2000 features
1. Clear management interface, intuitive and simple way to save each material number.
2. The information is highly confidential, and you need to enter your username and password every time you start it.
3. Independent and systematic input and output.
4. The data structure exists in the form of a two-dimensional table, accurately describing the lamination method, the board structure and the layer attribute definitions.
5. The Wheel module and Symbol are stored in a centralized manner, making it easy to call them at any time in any environment.
6. The humanized graphics editing window and control panel allow targeted modification of parts within the forming area.
7. Extremely sensitive to the attributes of graphic elements, and can automatically modify and check in an orderly manner according to various needs.
8. The debugging parameters can be modified arbitrarily, and the best solution for its operation can be manually changed according to different needs.
9. The automatic and fast edge banding program saves you the trouble of sorting the edges of the board.
10. Safe and efficient drilling and gong edge programs. The gong program can be easily and automatically added according to the defined gong cutter size and compensation direction.
11. Automatically arrange according to different film sizes, saving film costs and increasing its utilization
12. No matter how many positive and negative layers are stacked, they can be placed on the same logical layer.
Genesis' powerful editing and modification functions:
Data reading
1. It supports up to 20 reading formats, such as: Gerber, Gerber274X, Dpf, Dxf, Plt, Excellon...
2. You can adjust the reading format by yourself, then preview its graphics, and perform wheel editing on the D-code of the Gerber file. The built-in module can convert the same Various types of D-code are identified, reducing the number of compilations and saving time.
Definition of layer attributes
1. Layers can be arranged according to the combination of the board, different layer attributes can be defined, and divided by color. Layers can be added or deleted at will. , copy and move.
2. Originals, single PCS work drafts, SET concatenations and PANEL can be placed independently. Each *** system can be browsed and previewed, and can be related to each other according to certain rules to achieve virtual typesetting.
Editing windows and tools
1. The simple and convenient interactive panel makes human-machine communication more direct. Commonly used tools and safety instructions are placed on the right side of the window for easy access. .
2. The panel has clear layers, coordinates can be monitored at any time, and the status bar can clearly display the current operating status and parameter values ??of the graphic data.
3. The edit bar of the main menu has general editing (move, rotate, mirror, copy, delete, append, restore) and extended editing (extend, proportional enlargement, line movement without changing the angle or Length, graphic transfer between layers, size and shape can be changed at will).
4. The attributes of graphics and elements can be freely converted, adjusted and replaced at will, positive and negative polarities can be converted into each other and the definition of work shaping can be achieved.
5. The detailed and powerful selection function can perform single selection, continuous selection, area selection, irregular area selection, network selection, and inverse selection; it can also compare the selection between reference layers and layers. Interleave, relate, cover, and be covered; it can also be added and added based on polarity, attributes, shape and size; there is also the choice of large copper sheets, etc.
6. Whether it is measurement or image generation, you can capture the end points, intersection points, edges, networks, skeletons, center lines, center points and forming borders of graphics.
7. The graphic elements can be listed one by one, and the number, size, shape, and polarity can be seen at a glance. Targeted graphics can be highlighted and updated selectively.
8. Area segmentation and filling, you can segment, cut and fill graphics inside or outside the board.
9. Professional line drawing, filling and text mark, exist in various ways.
10. Line width and line spacing can be fully adjusted, line-to-line connection and chamfering, box enlargement and reduction, and copying and pasting of any image are convenient and fast.
Drilling modification and inspection
1. Map diagrams and hole point diagrams can be converted to each other and completed in one go. The powerful drilling manager can modify VIA holes, PTH holes, and NPTH Hole compensation, adjustment, highlighting, tool merging and position track indication of each hole.
2. According to the distribution attributes of the inner and outer layers, you can check whether the electrical performance of the holes is connected, and you can also report the number and location of near holes, heavy holes, splayed holes, and each type of hole. And judge whether the distance is too close to the edge of the board.
Inner layer modification and inspection
1. Make different modifications and optimizations to the positive and negative films of the inner layer, and manually set the minimum isolation RING edge you need according to different apertures. and the optimal RING edge.
2. Automatically delete independent PAD, plastic spider legs, adjust at will.
3. You can choose to modify the area within the forming line, within the visual window and all areas. After the program is finished running, the modified content and unmodified content will be reported one by one.
4. Automatically check and isolate PAD, area lines, line width, line spacing, etc.; automatically fill micro holes and gaps, automatically correct the position of PAD for drilling, and add teardrops.
Check the outer layer modifications
1. Define the SMD according to the properties of the green oil window PAD, and adjust the parameters according to your own requirements. You can enlarge the PAD, reduce the PAD, winding, Change the shape, cut areas that do not meet the spacing, and then report the results of the action (can be displayed in split screens according to size)
2. Run the automatic line inspection function to detect the line width of the line distance, hole ring size, distance from NPTH hole to copper, distance from PAD to PAD, distance from PAD to line, distance from copper to board edge, number and location of endpoints, PAD, lines, arcs, gaps with the network, etc. .
Green oil modification and inspection
1. Define the optimal value of the RING ring of the PAD according to the green oil coverage and the spacing parameters and bridge size required to prevent oil leakage and copper exposure, < /p>
Automatically run the green oil modification program to automatically enlarge and automatically reduce the PAD, and the results will be reported for value evaluation.
2. The powerful green oil inspection function can detect the opening of the hole, the opening of the PAD, the distance from the green oil to the tin, the distance from the opening PAD to the PAD, small gaps, and plugged holes. etc.
Typesetting and arrangement
1. Powerful fully automatic or manual can form any virtual typesetting method according to the cutting size. After arrangement, single or multiple orders can be processed. Only copy, delete, move, mirror and rotate edits automatically.
2. For films of different sizes, each layer can be arranged to achieve an optimal arrangement to reflect the film utilization.
Data output
1. Manually specify the path, which can output dozens of different formats such as: Gerber, Cam, Drawing, Drill/Rout, Laser, Drill, Plotters... .
2. The output also provides rotation, mirroring, proportional lengthening or shortening, polarity reversal functions, etc.
To sum up, the powerful functions of GENESIS2000 are beyond the comparison of ordinary CAM software.
Genesis2000 CAM Process Automation
CAM Process Automation
Although CAM systems are increasing in the PCB industry, why are there still many manufacturers unwilling to automate the process? ? Some believe that their existing CAM software is sufficient and does not require automation. Others lack focus, fail to define what processes need to be automated, or fail to produce the automation software they need. There is no doubt that some leading manufacturers are already enjoying the great benefits brought by process automation, including increased production capacity, improved data quality and shortened training time.
The first question to ask is: Why is automation needed?
Why can’t a CAM system come with all the automation features I need and I just have to press the right buttons to automate? It's easy to answer these questions. No one in the world does the same thing in the same way. Each manufacturer uses CAM systems in very different ways. For example: when arranging boards, each manufacturer uses very different symbols, targets, characters, etc., and places them at different positions on the edge of the board. This is why CAM systems can only provide basic functions for users to add these materials without automated functions.
Benefits brought by CAM process automation
Increased output: No matter how many layers of boards are arranged, automation can shorten the one-hour board layout time to three minutes.
Data quality: All data are processed in the same way.
Operator training: When most of the processes have been automated, training a new operator is an easy task. Workflows and processes are defined within the software, allowing operators to complete complex processes with just a few decisions. What are the requirements for good automation? Obviously, if the CAM system provides script function, we can complete basic automation. The degree of automation that can be achieved depends entirely on the quality and quantity of data that can be stored in the CAM database. For example, if you want to divide the data in a certain drilling layer into via holes and non-via holes, it will be easy as long as the database can already classify via holes and non-via holes. Just write the script to copy all vias from the drilled layer to the new via layer. This step can be repeated to create the non-via layer. A good CAM system allows users to define different parameters for drilling and other data, such as hole diameter, coordinates, etc. It can also distinguish different material numbers based on different customer names, operators or time limits. These are all necessary data for a good automation program. The automation programmer can easily obtain the correct data from the database.
How does Script work?
The easiest way is to use line-mode commands; text-form commands can replace every mouse action in the CAM system. If you want to open a material number, you can use COM open_job, job=12022. The "COM open_job" in the first part tells the system what to do (in this example it means opening the material number). The second part tells the system what data to process (in this example, the material number name is 12022). In the same way, if you want to add a 100mils disk at the coordinates (4.6; 4.4), you can use the command: COM add_pad,x=4.6,y=4.4,symbol=r100,polarity=positive to achieve it. In order to help automation programmers find the required functions from thousands of instructions provided by the CAM system, the instruction recording function can record all executed actions and then convert them into line-mode format. Programmers can use They become automated content.
Genesis Command Recorder
Now you have commands that can be executed within the script. This script is only valid for this specific material number; at this time, you need to generate a script that can be used for every material number. This is why the script language was created. You need to create some variables, do some calculations, write some if-then-else sentences; and generate some loops, directories, arrays, and so on. Let me give you a simple example written in C-Shell script language to give you an idea: The following program can read the layout size from the database, and then set the distance between the lower left corner and the upper right corner of each layer to 0.5mil from the edge of the board. Place a 100mil disc in place.
DO_INFO -t step -e $JOB/$STEP ## Read useful information from the database
MATH x1 = $gPROF_LIMITSxmin + 0.5 #### Calculate X and Y coordinate
MATH y1 = $gPROF_LIMITSymin + 0.5 #### Add 0.5 to Xmin and Ymin
MATH x2 = $gPROF_LIMITSxmax - 0.5 #### Add to Xmax and Ymax Subtract 0.5
MATH y2 = $gPROF_LIMITSymax - 0.5 #### The results are stored in the x1, y1, x2 and y2 variables
### Display the calculated sum of each layer on the coordinates
### Add a 100 mils disk
foreach layer ($gLAYERS_LIST)
COM display_layer,name=$layer,display =yes,number=1
COM work_layer,name=$layer
COM add_pad,x=$x1,y=$y1,symbol=r100,polarity=positive
COM add_pad,x=$x2,y=$y2,symbol=r100,polarity=positive
end
C-shell Script example
Which script language should be used? You can use any programming language as the script language. But what is most generally accepted is the interpreter program rather than the program that needs to be compiled. Interpreted programs can be executed directly; but compiled programs (like C, C++, Java, etc.) must be translated (compiled) into machine language before being executed. They're difficult to learn, don't have a line-mode editor, and are therefore a script language that's hard to get people interested in. There are different script languages ??on the market that you can consider: C-shell, Tcl/Tk, Perl and Python (there are many other languages, which I will not discuss here). C-Shell is recognized as the easiest language to learn. It has very simple and limited instructions, enough for you to write most automated programs. Occasionally you need other small tools like awk or sed to help, but overall, C-Shell's standard tools meet general requirements. You can also use Genesis' table functionality and included GUI to design the user interface. Other programming languages, such as Perl, Python and Tcl/Tk, are more powerful, each providing similar tools and capabilities. I could write another ten pages comparing their pros and cons, but that would just get us lost; in the CAM automation programming language, they are all pretty much the same. These three languages ??provide better tools: such as arrays and subroutines, and can also generate user interfaces that allow users to pre-enter parameters and selections. Examples of user interfaces generated in Tcl/Tk. What tasks can be automated? In theory, you can automate every step of CAM from input to output. The problem is that there are too many things to consider. The process is often changed, the input data changes, and even worse, special circumstances often arise, and all of this was not considered when the program was originally written. The easiest first step to automate is repetitive processes, which can be defined as flow charts with fixed steps and how to perform each step. Typical steps include:
? Generate layout
? Calculate copper area
? Generate overlay
? Intra-layer analysis ( for quotation or mass production)
? PCB editing
? Network comparison
? Output to different formats
? Database management and others
To simplify the process, you can start from a single script in the CAM process. Then connect each small script to the workflow, and the CAM engineer only needs to execute it in the correct order. You can also prevent them from pressing the wrong keys at the wrong time. Even if some processes require manual processing, script can open the correct screen and display the relevant layer data in advance. When the manual processing is complete, the script only needs to run a checker to confirm that the manual processing has not caused new design and network problems. The following example (Figure 4) is a typical CAM material number input process. The button on the left is the action that the operator must perform. This action
is linked to the script to perform the required intervention or non-intervention process.
When the process is completed, the color of the button's chassis will change, and the operator's information and execution time are automatically recorded. You can use Genesis's workform to design the user interface or continue to use Tcl/Tk's interface design tools. Enter process example. Hook program scripts can be linked to each executed command. These small scripts are called hook programs. They can be activated by special commands (such as: open material number, add drawing plate or save material number, etc.), and these hook-ups can change the behavior of the command. For example, we can hang a script that requires the operator to enter a password on the command to open the material number, which can control the operator's permissions when opening the material number. Another example: a small script that runs a network check can be hooked up to the command to store the material number. This can ensure that the network of the material number is correct before saving. If there is a deviation in the network, the system will refuse to store the command and require the operator to check the network.
Summary Many PCB manufacturers have successfully completed the automation of most CAM processes. Every day, they continue to invest in automation. Investments in programmer training and automated maintenance have paid off in significantly increased throughput, leading to better, faster, and more accurate CAM processes and products.