Qi Lu Deng, a vernacular novel in Qing Dynasty, is a rare warning. Li Hai's works in Qing Dynasty. 108 times. Li was born in Songzhai Village, Zhanhe District, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province today. The book tells the story of Tan Shaowen, the son of a scholarly family, who fell and lost his family business, and the prodigal son returned to revive his family business. There are extensive and vivid descriptions of bureaucratic politics and education in feudal society, as well as the social conditions and customs of market society at that time, but there are also many feudal sermons.
(clear. Lvyuan Li is now in Nanjing Library) Life stands at two ends of success or failure. The reasons for success or failure are divided in youth, with honest or shallow qualifications, serene or light temperament, communication or serious loneliness, etc. It leads to a different road and shines on the lost people in the world.
It was written by Lvyuan Li, a native of Henan who was almost contemporary with The Scholars and A Dream of Red Mansions.
The novel Qi Lu Deng, with more than 700,000 words, 108 times, was unique in the Ministry at that time. However, this
After the manuscript came out, until the 1920s, books were circulated in rural areas of Henan in the form of notes, but few people knew about it, and it didn't happen.
The attention of readers and academic circles. Beginning in the 1920s, a printed version of "Qi Lu Deng" appeared, which began to become a reality.
Academic research in the sense.
The purpose of this paper is to review the research on Qiludeng in the past 80 years since the 1920s, in order to provide dinner for readers.
I hope it will be helpful to the further study of Qiludeng.
1
19 18 The Commercial Press published Jiang Ruizao's Textual Research on Fiction, and its eight-volume edition recorded a "Qi Lu Deng".
Quote "Queming Notes" cloud:
Lvyuan Li, a senior in my hometown, wrote Qi Lu Deng with a chapter of 120. Although it is purely born out of A Dream of Red Mansions, it describes people.
Love in all its forms is also a unique story. Cherish your offspring, at the same time, be pro-old, and there is no artificial magazine that values money and righteousness.
Ok, then do a big article that is beneficial to the world, and it is also a great pity to leave only three or five books in the hinterland.
This is the earliest known record of "Qi Lu lamp" in this century. What he called "pure from a dream of red mansions"
"Of course, there is no basis. As for the reason why" Deng "has not been widely circulated, it is not that no one has done so.
Release. However, this description at least shows that scholars are interested in this novel. In 1930s, Sun Kai
China's first popular novel bibliography recorded Qiludeng, and Kong Youjing's Historical Materials of China's Novels also copied Xiao.
Said textual research "materials.
1924, Qingyitang, Luoyang, published "The Story of the Stone, the Road Lights", *** 105 times, which was preceded by a preface and Zhang's article.
Violet's "Postscript" introduces Lvyuan Li and his "Qi Lu Deng" and gives a high evaluation. This is "Qi Lu Deng"
The first printed edition of this book is of great significance in the history of the spread of "Qi Lu Deng". However, like Zhang Qinglian,
"Postscript" said: "I was in a hurry and didn't tidy up. If I only rely on the original, it would be a big mistake. " Therefore, the book "Hai Jian"
Lu fish, which can be seen everywhere, has not been widely circulated so far because of its small print runs. 1927, Beijing Pushe (Jingshan Bookstore) opened.
At first, the school books of Feng Youlan and Feng Brothers and Sisters were printed and published. Unfortunately, I only printed the first book 26 times, but I didn't see the rest. simple
In front of the typesetting edition of the publishing house, there is a long preface written by Feng Youlan, which analyzes the ideological content and artistic gains and losses of Qiludeng.
Comprehensive evaluation. Feng Youlan said in the preface: "Street lamps are too channelized, which is really a big problem.
Fortunately, most of what Lvyuan Li wrote in the book is just the opposite of the above "this meaning" ... his Taoist teacher.
A pen, which has the ability to describe things, contains many thorns. Feng Youlan's "Qi Lu Lantern"
When all kinds of social life have made fair and objective comments, appreciate the language of the novel (especially the river
The application and representation of southern dialects. In the same year, Feng Youlan also compiled Lvyuan Li Palace Shi Chao;
In front of the typesetting, there is a biography of Lvyuan Li written by Dong Zuobin, which preliminarily researches the date and chronology of Lvyuan Li's birth and death.
Certificate and arrangement. Feng He's two articles can be said to be the earliest academic-worthy Li Law in the last 80 years.
The research results of Garden and Qiludeng are groundbreaking contributions.
Due to the appearance of printed books, it provided convenience for researchers, so academic circles began to publish research papers.
Table, but there are not many valuable monographs. Among them, it is worth noting that there are articles by Guo Shaoyu and Zhu Ziqing. Guo Shaoyu
1928 first published a paper entitled "An Introduction to Qilu Deng" in the 25th issue of Volume 5 of Literature Weekly.
Comparing Qiludeng with A Dream of Red Mansions and Scholars, the conclusion is: "Qiludeng also exists.
Enough to surpass A Dream of Red Mansions and The Scholars. "Guo Shaoyu praised" Lvyuan Li can often talk about it.
The reason, should make people don't think it is often talked about in the above table. The meaning is clear but the words are not old, the words are not old, and the meaning is not clear.
Yes This is his difficulty as well as his success. This success is all due to his elite thinking and calmness.
This pen is enough to control this boring subject. "At the end of the same year, Zhu Ziqing was published in General, Volume 6, No.4.
Wrote an article "Qi Lu Deng", thinking that China only has Qi Lu Deng and "Dream of Red Mansions".
Department can be called a real novel. Zhu Ziqing's views are roughly the same as Guo Shaoyu's, especially on the "bifurcation".
Deng's achievements in plot structure were highly praised, pointing out: "The book is watertight, round as a circle, and not bloated."
And "Structurally, it is China's only real novel." Zhu Ziqing said at the end of the article
If I estimate the total value of this book, I think it is second only to A Dream of Red Mansions, but comparable to The Scholars.
Keep in sync with each other. "In addition, on April 23rd, 1928, an anonymous article was published in Ta Kung Pao Literature Supplement.
The article "Comment on Qiludeng" praised the characterization, social life description and language of Qiludeng.
Yang, that's the best work of writing realism. Xu Yunuo not only helped Feng Youlan collect information about Li Lv.
The information about the Garden and Qiludeng was also published in Qiludeng (Volume 1) and Tomorrow (Volume 4) (Volume 1928+0 1).
> and Mr. Lvyuan Li's legacy, August 1929, 14, No.8 of Tomorrow, published Summer in the Corner (its
I) ",published in 1929, 10, tomorrow, Volume 2, 10, Summer Notes in the Corner (Part II).
The textual research on Qi Lu Deng and He proves that Qi Lu Deng unintentionally made a profound attack on Bagua Wen and Confucius and Mencius.
At the same time, it also points out the shortcomings of the author's lack of real life experience, which leads to the emptiness of novel description
Guo Shaoyu, Zhu Ziqing and others only read the first book of Pugu typography for 26 times, but failed to read the whole book. Their views
Of course, there is room for discussion, but it represents the general view of "Qi Lu Deng" in academic circles at that time, which is the book.
The influential research results of Qiludeng in the early 20th century. Unfortunately, Luoyang Qingyitang has a printing operation.
Too few, the typesetting of the park club has not been completed; In the next forty or fifty years, although some people spoke highly of the novel Street Lamp.
Li Minxiu, for example, praised Qiludeng as an "open modern civilian literature" in the preface of Zhongzhou Literature Collection.
The first sound ",but few people in academic circles have conducted in-depth and comprehensive research on it, and" Qi Lu Deng "seems to be facing the fate of being buried.
There is no embarrassing situation.
2
Until the 1960s, Luan Xing, a scholar from Henan Province, devoted himself to the study of the notes of Qiludeng and collected some materials.
Related to the research materials of Qiludeng. Luan Xing spent ten years' energy and finished Qi Lu Deng in 1970s.
Proofreading work, and compiled into a book "Deng Research Data". Because it was not easy to publish at that time, until 1980,
It was only by Zhongzhou Calligraphy and Painting Society (now Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House) that Qiludeng was published, 1982.
Research data of Qilu lamp. Luan Xing takes Qi Lu Deng, the banknote of the last years of Qing Qianlong, as the original, and refers to other books (see records).
Ming and Deng banknotes, Republic of China engraving, Qingyitang interpretation printing, Piaoshe printing * * *1species), and the revised edition is
108 times, with more than a thousand comments, on slang, dialect, appellation, naming system and ancients, ancient books, historical events,
Three religions and nine streams, Tibet tourism, etc. , have been annotated and carefully checked, which has brought great convenience to readers. Qi Lu Deng
The research materials of this book are divided into three parts: biography of Lvyuan Li, poems and notes of Lvyuan Li, and old notes of Qilu Deng.
Then there is the appendix: Lvyuan Li's 8 1. This book provides information about Lvyuan Li's family life, friends,
The collection of precious materials such as the writings and research of Qiludeng is relatively complete and the arrangement is reasonable.
, and indicate the source in detail, which is welcomed by researchers.
After the publication of Luan Xing's commentary "Qi Lu Lamp", it immediately aroused enthusiastic response in Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province and Hongkong.
Guangming Daily and Wen Wei Po in Chinese mainland, United Daily News in Taiwan Province, Wen Wei Po in Hongkong,
Ta Kung Pao, New Evening News and other newspapers all use the classic vernacular novel Qi Lu Deng, which has been buried for more than 200 years.
Publication, a novel buried for more than 200 years, re-lit the street lamp, known as
A dream of red mansions and other titles were reported, so some scholars published articles in various newspapers or academic journals.
He published a research paper and had a heated discussion on the Qiludeng.
three
198 1, 1982 and 1984 held three "crossing street lamps" activities in Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Kaifeng, Henan Province.
At the symposium, Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House edited and published two books, Qiludeng, in 1982 and 1984 respectively.
Series, including some papers submitted by the previous two academic seminars and articles by some famous scholars. In addition, scattered in
There are also many papers in various journals. According to incomplete statistics, it was published in various newspapers and periodicals from 1928 to 1983.
There are about 1 10 research papers (including a few reported articles) about Qiludeng. These documents are of great significance to the land separation
The life thought of the garden, the ideological tendency and artistic achievements of Qi Lu Lantern, such as structure, characters, language, etc.
A comprehensive and in-depth discussion was held. There are also scholars who specialize in the educational ideas expressed in novels, or who study novels.
This paper makes a detailed textual research on Kaifeng's urban economy, the description of related operas and folk customs during Kanggan period in Qing Dynasty.
. Because of the complexity and richness of Lvyuan Li's thought, scholars' research involves
The scope is also wider, forming different views.
These different views are mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, Qi Lu Deng is both ideological and artistic.
It's a mediocre work, which can't compare with The Scholars. Secondly, I think Qi Lu Deng is very good.
China's ancient novels are equal to The Scholars. The third view is more peaceful, that is, "dispel doubts and doubts"
Street lamps are not as good as first-class masterpieces such as A Dream of Red Mansions and The Scholars. It should be a second-rate work, but it is still relative.
Successful, has its unique style.
People who hold a negative view can question the theory of "burying" in Lan Ling's article (see On a Street Lamp (1)).
) is the representative. Wen Lan believes that Lvyuan Li's "creative thought" is indeed the traditional realistic spirit in China's ancient novels.
The great retrogression greatly developed the original enlightenment factors in Jin Ping Mei, created a novel of human nature, and made it a manifestation of human nature.
The development of human novels "diverges to the wrong road", and "street lamps" really want to publicize orthodoxy and put this kind of
Decadent thoughts are regarded as the beacon of life ","As the object of literary appreciation, Qiludeng is quite lacking.
Artistic attraction can make people read happily ","It is an ancient novel with mediocre ideas and mediocre art ",and
The same is true of "The Story of Awakening Marriage". "As far as their ideological backwardness and artistic mediocrity are concerned,' they are equal and have their own differences.
Short and long, it is difficult to distinguish. They are the products of the same creative trend of thought and the mixture of the development of "human novels"
Turbulence is mixed with more sediment and decay. "Its evaluation is so low that there may be no second person among the scholars at that time.
If you hold a positive view, you can look at Zhang Guoguang's long article "Educational Poetry and Social Custom Painting in Ancient China" (
See "Qi Lu Deng Lun Cong ①" as the representative. This article is largely to refute Lan Ling's theory of "burying".
Questioning, subtitled "A New Theory of Qiludeng" and "A Query Comment on Burial Theory". Zhang Wen vs. Wen Lan
Severely criticized, and made a positive evaluation of "Qi Lu Deng". Zhang Wen believes that "Qi Lu Deng" is a
Lvyuan Li is not only a novelist, but also a thinker and educator.
Home ",praised" Deng "as" China ancient genre painting "and pointed out that" Deng "is in
He has made outstanding achievements in artistic structure, characterization, language use and characterization, and thinks that "although the author
But it mainly uses realism to depict characters, but sometimes romanticism is not excluded. "Zhang concluded:
Qi Lu Deng is an ancient vernacular novel with high ideological level and artistic achievements, Jing Hua Yuan.
The breadth of feudal social life and the depth of exposing the ugly nature of ghosts at that time exceeded the former (red
Yan Meng ")". Zhang Wen suggested that for this "excellent classical novel buried for more than 200 years", "parents"
It seems to be possible to read ","young people can read ","people who study the history of literature need to read "and" because it is true.
Even if it can't catch up with the later Dream of Red Mansions, it is a valuable ancient novel newly excavated.
Driving force, but enough to dwarf scholars. " Such a high evaluation was also rare in the academic circles at that time.
Yes As for the middle point of view, it can be represented by the articles of Ren, Fan Ning and others. Ren Fangqi in Random Talk
The article "Qi Lu Deng" (see "Qi Lu Deng Lun Cong") thinks that "if scholars and".
A Dream of Red Mansions is classified as first-class, so Qiludeng cannot but belong to second-class. Because of ideas and art
Compared with the first two films, it is greatly inferior, but it also makes a positive evaluation of the achievements of Qiludeng, pointing out that,
After all, Qiludeng is a masterpiece. The author has deep social experience and rich knowledge in all aspects.
..... Therefore, the author has nothing to do with national politics, imperial examinations and social customs in the middle of Qing Dynasty. ...
No detailed discussion and description was given in detail, thus expanding readers' horizons and enriching people's knowledge.
Knowledge is of profound significance for understanding the spiritual outlook of China society in the18th century. So, in China,
It should be given a certain position in academic history. "Fan Ning's" Qiludeng Theory "(see" Qiludeng Theory "
Cong (2) also thinks that "the ideological theme of the whole" Qi Lu Deng "is not brilliant and the characterization is not very successful."
But it recorded the ideological situation of the middle and lower classes in China feudal society in the18th century, involving a wide range of life …
... readers can see that feudal society is a complete hell on earth. "In fact, Ren Wenhe model essay.
The affirmation mainly lies in the cognitive value of Qi Lu Deng, but I don't agree to regard it as a first-class masterpiece.
.
Whether it is positive or negative, it reflects the academic concern and enthusiasm for "Qi Lu Deng".
This is undoubtedly a good phenomenon for the study of Lvyuan Li and Qi Lu Deng. Unfortunately, however,
In the late 1980 s, this lively situation full of academic atmosphere gradually calmed down. Until today, although China
From time to time, mainland academic circles have published papers about Lvyuan Li and Qi Lu Deng, and Du Guichen published them in 1992.
Lvyuan Li and Qiludeng (Liaoning Education Publishing House) did not become an influential academic after all.
Research hotspot.
four
At the same time, the academic circles in Taiwan Province Province, China and Hongkong, China also cleared the scene of Qiludeng to a certain extent.
Attention. When the annotated edition of Luan Xing School was published, it seemed that the enthusiasm of Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong was higher than that of the mainland, and it was also evaluated.
Almost unanimous praise and affirmation. In the 1980s, at least four publishing houses in Taiwan Province Province published Qiludeng.
Compared with the mainland. But the research papers published by scholars are relatively calm and peaceful. As published in 1983 1.
On June 13, Wang Xiaolian's article "Rediscovery and Re-evaluation of Qilu Lantern" in China Times, Taiwan Province Province said: "This is
This novel that has been buried for more than 200 years is quite readable, but at best it can only be compared with another similar novel.
Phantom "is equal; It is a bit exaggerated to list it as the three major novels of the Qing Dynasty with A Dream of Red Mansions and The Scholars.
Exaggerated. "In addition, China ancient literature graduate students in Taiwan Province Province have taken Deng as the research object.
Research object, writing a paper. For example, Chen Cuifen, a master student of China Literature Institute of Taiwan Province Provincial University, and China Studies Institute of Fu Jen Catholic University.
Zheng Zailiang (Korea), a graduate student of the Graduate School, wrote his dissertations on "The Study of Crossroads" at 1986 and 1988 respectively.
Get a master's degree. After Zheng Zailiang returned to Korea, he published a paper at the China Novel Research Society in his own country.
Newspapers and other publications have aroused the interest of Korean scholars. It is worth mentioning that in 1986, Taiwan Province Normal University Bookstore Co., Ltd.
Our company published Wu Xiuyu's book Lvyuan Li and His Study of Qiludeng. Wu Xiuyu is full of enthusiasm for this work, and once
I arrived in Henan five times and went to Guizhou twice to collect information and visit scholars. After five years of cold and heat, I wrote this book with more than 300,000 words.
Work. The book is divided into seven chapters, which tells the story of Lvyuan Li's family background, life and writings, as well as the spread and writing of "Qi Lu Deng".
Scene, ideological content, creative art and other aspects, made a comprehensive and detailed investigation and discussion, informative, can be
It is said that it has surpassed any previous research work on "Qi Lu Deng". This is the first article published in China to study Qi Lu Deng.
Monographs, but it doesn't seem to attract the attention of Chinese mainland people.
Looking back at the research of Qiludeng in the past 80 years, we can find that the academic circles in China are generally interested in Qiludeng.
The evaluation of him is not high, mainly because he thinks that his thoughts are old-fashioned, Taoism is strong, he specializes in preaching and does not have anti-feudalism.
Wonderful, but it reflects a wide range of life and description, such as characterization, language use, plot structure and so on.
The achievements made are still affirmed to a certain extent; During this period, there were two times except1920s and1980s.
It seems that few scholars are willing to make an in-depth study of Qiludeng.
For a novel with a unique personality, The Stranded Lamp seems a little regrettable. but
It is said that Li Yannian, a Ph.D. student in Chinese Department of Nanjing Normal University, wrote his dissertation on "Qi Lu Deng" on 1998.
Get a doctorate. This is undoubtedly good news. I hope more scholars will study harmony.
Street lamp, in order to promote the comprehensive, in-depth and development of the study of China's ancient novels.