Slope roof form-common form
Sloped roofs are widely used in buildings, mainly including single slope type, double slope type, four slope type and folding type. Double slope and four slope are widely used. The gable protruding from the top of the double-slope roof is called hanging mountain; A gable with a flat roof is called a hard mountain. The four corners of the traditional four slopes in China are inclined, which is called the Temple of Heaven. The main ridge extends and two mountain flower faces are formed on both sides, which is called inclined mountain. The tile line intersects with the sloping roof in the form of pyramid roof, and the treasure roof is often arranged at this point.
Slope roof The slopes of a double-slope or multi-slope roof intersect, and the horizontal intersection line at the top is called the positive ridge; The oblique line that the inclined planes intersect to form convex angles is called oblique ridge; The diagonal line that the inclined planes intersect to form a concave angle is called an inclined gutter. A sloping roof without a positive ridge is called a rolling shed roof. Hard hilltops, suspended hilltops and resting hilltops can all be made into roll-shed roofs.
In addition, the sloping mountain, Ding Dian and pyramid roof can also be arranged in the form of double eaves as required.
Form of sloping roof-structural form of sloping roof
There are two structural forms of sloping roof: purlin roof and non-purlin roof.
1, purlin roof structure
Purlin roof structure takes purlin as the main supporting structure of roof. Purlins are also called purlins. Purlins are beams placed on gable roof trusses to support the roof, and roof panels or rafters are laid on purlins as the load-bearing foundation of the roof. Reed foils, reed mats and other materials can also be used to replace the roof panels.
A) purlin type
The purlin spacing and purlin cross-section are related to the thickness of roof slab and the cross-section size of rafters, which need to be determined by calculation. Purlins are divided into wood purlins, reinforced concrete purlins, thin-walled steel purlins and steel truss purlins according to the materials used.
When using wooden purlins, attention should be paid to the corrosion protection of the shelving place. Generally, concrete blocks should be placed on the shelving point, and the ends of purlins should be coated with asphalt.
rafter
When the purlin spacing is large, and the roof panel should be laid directly on the upper part, the rafters can be erected perpendicular to the purlin direction. Rafters are generally made of wood, with a spacing of 360~400mm and a cross section of about 50 mm * 50 mm
C) roof slab
When the purlin spacing is less than 800mm, the roof panel can be directly nailed to the purlin; When the purlin spacing is more than 800mm, the rafters should be erected on the purlin first, and then the roof panel should be nailed on the rafters.
2, no purlin roof structure
Purlin-free roof is a prefabricated reinforced concrete roof slab as the main load-bearing structure, also known as slab roof. The method is to put the precast reinforced concrete roof slab directly on two gables or two roof trusses. Above to do insulation layer, waterproof layer, protective layer, common plate roof has the following practices:
A) roofing tile laying
Due to the need of fire prevention or modeling, the roof panel must be tiled. First, the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow slab or trough slab is laid on the roof truss, and then covered with tiles.
B) hanging wallas and tiles
Tile hanging plate is an inverted T-shaped precast reinforced concrete member composed of purlin, roof panel, tile hanging strip and inclined ceiling. The basic forms are single-rib, double-rib and special-shaped rib hanging tile wrenches. Hanging tiles are fixed with gables and roof trusses, and the base can be covered with mortar or embedded steel bars. This kind of roof is simple in structure, labor-saving and material-saving, economical in cost, but easy to seep, so it is mostly used in simple buildings.