Syria used to be the core of the Arab Empire, but now Damascus, the capital of Syria, is famous. Damascus saber is famous in history. Even the modern Damascus saber, its quality reputation is by no means inferior to the Swiss saber. The Middle East itself is a gathering place for Arabs, and once established a powerful Arab empire. However, in the13rd century, it was wiped out by the Mongols in the Western Expedition. After the decline of the Mongols, the Middle East was occupied by the Ottoman Empire of Turkey. It was not until modern times that Syria became a colony of the European power France, and it was not until 1943 that Syria became truly independent and established its own government.
Arab countries in the Middle East have a similar fate after independence. Apart from some monarchies, political powerhouses like Syria and Iraq, Egypt and Libya rule this country. Most of these political strongmen came from the military and were influenced by the western military. Generally speaking, they don't combine politics with religion like Saudi Arabia and Iran. When they were young, they all took part in politics with the dream of reviving Greater Arabia. When power comes to hand, it will monopolize power and implement personal dictatorship and high-handed rule. Syria merged with Egypt in 1958 for the great Arab cause, and the two countries separated in 196 1 year soon after. Today, Bashar al-Assad of Syria inherits the presidency from his father, Assad Sr. It is very interesting that this was produced by a referendum.
Syria is similar to Iraq in Saddam's time, that is, Saddam belongs to Islamic Sunnis, but most people in Iraq are Shiites, and the minority dominates the majority. The situation in Syria is worse than that in Iraq. Contrary to Saddam's Sunnis, President Assad is a Shia, and there are even fewer Alawites among Shiites. Alawites account for only 10% of the Syrian population, which can be said to be an absolute minority. But it is this population proportion structure that has allowed the Assad father-son regime to rule Syria for nearly half a century. Although Saddam Hussein and Assad are both Arabs, they once risked their lives for the great Arab cause. However, the relationship between Syria and Iraq is like an enemy. During the eight-year war between Iran and Iraq, Syria has always supported Iran against Iraq.
20 1 1 The so-called "Arab Spring" launched by the United States, and political powerhouses such as Ben Ali, Mubarak and Gaddafi. For many years, he has been relying on military police to maintain state power and stepped down in the "color revolution" instigated by the West. A large-scale conflict broke out in Syria, and the Assad regime was once in jeopardy. Because of the interweaving interests of the major powers in the Middle East, the Assad regime received strong support from Russian Putin in the struggle. The Assad regime turned the corner and dodged a bullet. With the support of Russian, Iranian and Shia forces, Syria has now recovered more than 90% of its territory. Despite this, there are still many contradictions and sects in Syria. It is difficult for the Assad regime, which belongs to the Allawi minority, to achieve national reconciliation, let alone the support of the majority. What Syria is facing now is the need for long-term stability, because the war has been seriously damaged and it will be rebuilt after the war.