How are the ancient rhymes of China classified?

(1) Jiang Yang Jiangyangyun includes three vowels in Mandarin: ang, iang and uang. Zhongzhou rhyme is exactly the same as Mandarin, and the rhyme is the same as Zhongzhou rhyme, regardless of the songs in North and South. (2) East-West homology includes words in Mandarin with ong and ONG as vowels, as well as words in Mandarin with B, P, M, F and W as initials and eng as vowels. According to the rhyme of Zhongzhou, it belongs to the eastern homonym, and all of them are pronounced as Feng, Pang, Meng, Fang and Huang. The pronunciation of Zhongzhou rhyme with oriental rhyme is the same as that of Mandarin, and the rhyme is the same as Zhongzhou rhyme regardless of north and south. (3) Xiao Hao Xiao Hao Yun includes the vowels ao and iao in Mandarin. The rhyme of Zhongzhou is exactly the same as that of Mandarin, and the rhyme is the same as that of Zhongzhou, regardless of north and south. (4) Ma Jia Ma Jia rhyme includes the words with vowels A and ia in Mandarin. The rhyme of Zhongzhou is exactly the same as the pronunciation of Mandarin, and the rhyme is the same as that of Zhongzhou, regardless of north and south. (5) All-to-all-to-all-to-all-to-all-to-all rhymes include words with vowels ai and uai in Mandarin, as well as words with initials J and X and vowel ie in Mandarin. According to the rhyme of Zhongzhou, they are all read as Zhai and Sai. The pronunciation of Zhouyun in Julaiyun is the same as that in Mandarin, while the vowels of Suzhou are all ei. The pronunciation of borrowing rhyme has always been based on Zhongzhou rhyme in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the net line and ending rhyme in the Southern Song Dynasty are also based on Zhongzhou rhyme, while Shengdan is close to Suzhou pronunciation. Familiarity varies from official students, pheasant students, towel students, Zheng Dansheng and iron egg students, and from the mood of lyrics. (6) Car snake rhyme includes words with J and X as initials (both classified as Lai rhyme) and ie as finals in Mandarin, and words with zh, ch, sh and R as initials and E as finals in Mandarin, which are classified as car snake rhyme according to Zhongzhou rhyme, such as "covering, driving, snake and provoking" as branches, qi and E Shi. In this rhyme, the pronunciation of Zhongzhou rhyme is generally the same as that of Mandarin, but the melody is the same as Zhongzhou rhyme regardless of the north and south. (7) Pigeon Rhyme includes words with ou and iu vowels in Mandarin. The pronunciation of these words in Zhongzhou is the same as that in Mandarin, and the corresponding U-endings need to be pronounced as yu (fish, a vowel of Chinese pinyin, and then represented by V), that is, ov and iv. In the Northern Song Dynasty, except for the open lines and endings, Zhongzhou rhyme can be used, and the South and North songs of other trades (including the South songs with open lines and endings) all follow Suzhou pronunciation. (8) Guoluo rhyme includes words in Mandarin with uo as the vowel, as well as words in Mandarin with G, K and H as the initials and E as the vowel, which are classified as Guoluo according to Zhongzhou rhyme, such as "Song, Ke and He" pronounced as Guo, Kuo and Huo. The pronunciation of the words Zhongzhou rhyme is roughly the same as that of Mandarin, while Suzhou pronunciation has vowel ou (that is, the pronunciation of dove by rhyme is equivalent to Zhongzhou rhyme). Regardless of north and south music, music strictly abides by Suzhou sound. (9) True words and rhymes include words with vowels such as en, in and un in Mandarin. Most of the characters in Zhongzhou rhyme are pronounced the same as those in Mandarin. Only the words with initials zh, sh, ch and un can be pronounced as vn. The melody of true rhyme is the same as that of Zhongzhou, regardless of the north and south songs. It is forbidden to change some words into "quasi (true), chun (Chen), shun (Shen), dun (Deng), LUN (Lun) and Zun (Zen)". (10) Gengting's rhyme includes the vowels of ing and eng in Mandarin, and the pronunciation of Zhongzhou rhyme is the same as that in Mandarin. Suzhou Yingeng Pavilion rhymes are all pronounced as true rhymes, that is, ing and eng are pronounced as in and en. No matter the north and south music, Suzhou music is strictly observed, and Mandarin pronunciation is strictly prohibited. (1 1) Gu Mo ancient ink rhyme includes words with u vowels in Putonghua, and Zhongzhou rhyme is pronounced the same as Putonghua. Only two special words "Mo" can be pronounced in Mandarin, while Zhongzhou rhyme can only be pronounced in mother tongue, "Suo" in Mandarin, and Zhongzhou rhyme can only be pronounced in Su Nian. Suzhou Yingu mode rhyme is exactly the same as Ge, both of which are Ou rhyme. Music regardless of north and south, strictly abide by Suzhou music. (12) The rhyme foot of "sentence reading" includes the vowel V in Mandarin, as well as the initials zh, ch, sh, R and vowel U in Mandarin. These words, such as "Zhu, Chu, Shu and ru", are pronounced as zhv, chv, shv and RU according to the rhyme of Zhongzhou. In this rhyme department, the pronunciation of Zhongzhou rhyme is generally the same as that of Mandarin, and the pronunciation of North and South songs is the same as that of Zhongzhou rhyme. Zhou Deqing's Rhyme of the Central Plains is indistinguishable from Juyu and should be distinguished from Rhyme Notes. (13) Rhyme includes most words with syllables of "Zhi", "Chi" and "Shi" in Mandarin (a few of them belong to machine rhyme), and all words with syllables of "Zi", "Ci" and "Si". The pronunciation of Zhongzhou rhyme is the same as that of Mandarin, and the rhyme of Zi, Ci and Si is the same as that of Zhongzhou rhyme in both North and South songs. In the north, the rhyme of Zhongzhou is used, while the songs in the south follow the rhyme of Suzhou pronunciation, with the pronunciations of zhri, chri and shri. Pay attention to these words when singing. The special pronunciations of "er, er, er" in Mandarin belong to Zhongzhou rhyme, and the pronunciation is ni. However, due to the great changes in language, Qu's pronunciation can only be pronounced as er in modern language, regardless of North and South songs. (14) Computer micro-rhymes include words in Mandarin where the vowel I does not belong to the rhyme division. In Putonghua, some syllables should be classified as words of knowing, being late and being yes, and in Zhongzhou rhyme, the Suzhou sounds of these words belong to "knowing as" rhyme, such as "knowing, being late and being". However, the difference between these words here and the rhyme is that the Southern Song Dynasty, which belongs to the "Ruru" of the Su sound in the rhyme, comes from the Su sound, while these rhyming words are not. The special pronunciation day (day) in Putonghua is also divided into rhymes according to Putonghua, but Zhongzhou rhymes slightly, Beiqu rhymes according to Zhongzhou rhymes, and the characters in Nanqu belong to entering rhyme, which needs to be distinguished. (15) Grey rhyme includes words with vowels ei and ui in Mandarin. The pronunciation of Zhongzhou rhyme is the same as that of Mandarin, except that occasionally there are some words, such as Lei in Mandarin, and Zhongzhou rhyme is equivalent to the pronunciation of Yangzhou Mandarin, pronounced as lui, but in any case, these words are still classified as gray rhyme, but the vowel is ei or ui, and Zhongzhou rhyme is different from Mandarin. The rhyme of grey rhyme follows Zhongzhou rhyme, regardless of North and South songs. In Zhou Deqing's Rhyme of the Central Plains, there is no distinction between Wiki and Hui Hui, so the two rhymes of ancient composers are also linked. Now we should separate them from Yunzhu as much as possible. (16) Hanshan's cold rhyme includes words with initials A but no B, P and M in Mandarin, as well as some words with initials J, X, Y and ian, such as "Jane, leisure and eye", which are pronounced as Jan, xan and an according to Zhongzhou rhyme. In this rhyme, all vowels in Suzhou are pronounced ein. The northern tune of Quyin is always dominated by Zhongzhou rhyme, while the final tune of the net line and Nanqu is also dominated by Zhongzhou rhyme, while Shengdan is close to Suzhou rhyme. The degree of intimacy varies from official students, pheasant students, towel students, Zheng Dansheng, and iron egg students, and from the feelings of lyrics. (17) Xiantian Xiantian rhyme includes words with ian as vowel in Putonghua (except those classified as Shan Leng rhyme), and words with J, Q, X and Y as initials and uan as vowel in Putonghua. If it is classified as Xian Tian Yun according to the rhyme of Zhongzhou, the vowels are pronounced as van, for example, "Juan, Quan, Xuan and Yuan" are pronounced as jvan, qvan and xvan. It also includes some words in Mandarin with initials zh, ch and finals uan. According to the rhyme of Zhongzhou, they are also classified as Tian Yun in Xi 'an, pronounced as van. For example, "Juan" and "Zhuan" are both zhvan and chvan. The Suzhou pronunciation of this rhyme is the same as that of Suzhou spoken language, that is, ian is the vowel and ue van is the vowel. The northern tune of Quyin is always dominated by Zhongzhou rhyme, while the final tune of the net line and Nanqu is also dominated by Zhongzhou rhyme, while Shengdan is close to Suzhou rhyme. The degree of intimacy varies from official students, pheasant students, towel students, Zheng Dansheng, and iron egg students, and from the feelings of lyrics. (18) Huanhuan Huan Yun includes words with uan as vowel in Mandarin (except words classified as) and words with b, p and m as initials and an as vowel in Mandarin. According to Zhongzhou rhyme, Huanhuan rhyme is classified as Huanhuan rhyme, and vowels are also pronounced uan. For example, the words "semi, pan and man" are pronounced buan, puan and muan. The Suzhou pronunciation of the rhyme is similar to that of Suzhou spoken language, and the vowel is close to ue. The northern tune of Quyin is always dominated by Zhongzhou rhyme, while the final tune of the net line and Nanqu is also dominated by Zhongzhou rhyme, while Shengdan is close to Suzhou rhyme. The degree of intimacy varies from official students, pheasant students, towel students, Zheng Dansheng, and iron egg students, and from the feelings of lyrics. (19) As a closed rhyme corresponding to mountain cold rhyme, sword fairy has an am vowel. This kind of pronunciation of Zhongzhou Rhyme is relatively old, and it is only reserved in Fujian and Guangdong dialects. Rhyme, like Suzhou pronunciation and Mandarin pronunciation, all healthy immortals will be considered as mountain cold rhyme, that is, vowels are also an. (20) Xian Lian, as a closed rhyme corresponding to Xian Tianyun, has an iam vowel. This kind of pronunciation of Zhongzhou Rhyme is relatively old, and it is only reserved in Fujian and Guangdong dialects. The pronunciation of Qu Yun and Suzhou dialect is the same as that of Putonghua, and Xianlian has always been regarded as a fairy, that is, rhyme is also Ian. (twenty-one) invade the closed rhyme corresponding to the real rhyme. The vowels are em, im, um, vm. The pronunciation of Zhongzhou rhyme is relatively old, and it is only preserved in Fujian and Guangdong dialects. Rhyme is the same as Suzhou pronunciation and Mandarin pronunciation. All vowels are considered as true rhyme, even vowels are pronounced as en, in, un and vn. Because the actual use of Qu Yun is between Zhongzhou rhyme and Suzhou rhyme, there are the following rhyme rules in the actual lyrics: 1) Jiang Yang, Dongtong, Xiao Hao and Ma Jia are extremely strict and do not commit each other; 2) Hanshan and Jianxianyang are actually rhymes, Xiantian and Xianlian are actually rhymes, and Wen Zhen, Geng Ting and Yan are also rhymes; 3) Due to the habit of using rhyme in actual lyrics, the three rhymes of Qujia Hanshan, Xiantian and Huan Huan in ancient times can be contradictory to some extent; 4) He Ge passed the charge when filling the southern song and tried to divide the charge when filling the northern song; 5) When filling in the loud part of Beiqu (used at the end of the net), the pigeon rhyme can be devoted to the rhyme; 6) Juyu, Gu Mo, Wiki and Hui Hui can follow the ancient rules in the Northern Song Dynasty without filling in the Southern Song Dynasty; 7) Words with knowing, late and tense syllables in machine rhyme can be used in rhyme division, and some can't; 8) When filling in the Shengdan tune of the Southern Song Dynasty, all rhymes can be guilty of gray, and the first rhyme can be guilty of car snakes. Bibliography: 1. Central Plains Rhyme by Zhou Deqing in Yuan Dynasty; 2. Rhyme and Pearl by Shen Chengxian in Qing Dynasty; 3. The first chapter of Wang Shoutai's Kunqu Melody; * Most of the content is extracted from Kunqu Rhyme by Mr. Wang Shoutai.