Song Huizong Evonne (1082 ~ 1 135), son of Zhe Zongdi, used to be Duan Wang. In the third year of Fu Yuan (1 100), Zhezong acceded to the throne, and he was childless. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), he was transferred to Qinzong and proclaimed emperor for 26 years. As a monarch, he is politically fatuous and corrupt, greedy and absurd at home, and weak and incompetent at abroad. He is a ruler who brings disaster to the country and the people. However, he is an outstanding artist and can write poems. His book "Xuanhe Palace Ci" has been lost, and his neighbor compiled "Song Huizong Poetry"; Meticulous calligraphy, a school of its own, is called "thin gold style", which has been handed down from the Mohist dynasty as "thousand-character volume"; Good at painting flowers, birds and landscapes, exquisite and subtle. There are rich secrets and achievements in art, and many works have been handed down, occupying a place in the history of China painting.
A large number of paintings by Song Huizong and Evonne are recorded in historical documents. He once said to his deputies, "I have spare time, but I am good at drawing ears." It can be seen that he really put a lot of effort into painting. As far as the works handed down to this day are concerned, the quality is high, and some people may call him an epoch-making master. Its large number is also very prominent among painters in the Song Dynasty. According to preliminary statistics, Evonne's important works are still circulating at home and abroad, totaling more than 20. The question is, how many of these handed down works are Evonne's own? The art world has always held different views on this issue.
Song Caize's "Talk about Tiewei Mountain" said: "The emperor (Evonne) above Danqing was good at Lingyi, so it is not known which famous hand was given to many people." In other words, most of the famous painters at that time were recruited into the Royal Academy of Painting, all of them painted for the emperor, and some of them were even unworthy of their names. Hui Zong was in office for more than twenty years, during which he was particularly interested in and attached importance to the Academy of Painting and absorbed a large number of talents, so the Academy of Painting in the Northern Song Dynasty was the most prosperous period in Chinese history. Sadly, many painters need to ghostwrite for the romantic emperor and become royal painters. As an emperor, Evonne had no sense of shame in the process of encroaching on others' achievements, but took it for granted.
Yuan Hua Jian said, "Xuanhe Ruilan has accumulated hundreds of books, which takes a lot of time, so what's the harm?" If the people in the painting academy had followed their example, they would have printed their ears long ago. However, Hui Zong is a pro-author, and he can expect this. "In the historical records, Zhao Ji once regarded the animals and flowers plundered from all over the country as' the blessing of the world, which can be auspicious', and painted one after another, with 15 paintings as a volume, which was as tired as thousands, and was called" Xuanhe Ruilan Collection ". How can such a huge album, including more than 10,000 paintings, be painted by Evonne alone? Obviously, most of them are ghostwriters of painters in the painting academy, and sometimes they need to "provide imperial paintings" specially. Many of these paintings were written by Evonne, but not necessarily by him. " The Pictorial Herald said that Evonne's original work was "in sight", but it didn't explain the characteristics of Evonne's calligraphy, nor did it give examples, so it was inevitable to brag.
Wang Yuan Yun wrote a poem called "Pomegranate Map in Song Huizong": "If you talk about the beauty of painting from life, you need to be summoned in front of the Golden Horse Gate." That is to say, Evonne's paintings are full of people grasping knives, and many works, Evonne just put his own inscription on the paintings. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial painting inscribed by Evonne and the imperial painting inscribed by Evonne on others were recorded in the Secret Pavilion and the Record of Zhongxing Pavilion, respectively, but later generations still have various doubts.
Modern people have also done a lot of analysis and textual research on Evonne's paintings handed down from ancient times. Here is a brief introduction.
For example, Mr. Xie inferred the authenticity of his painting from the inscription. Listening to songs is hidden in the palace of the Qing Dynasty, and Hu Jing's Notes on the Western Qing Dynasty is said to be a self-portrait of Evonne. In the painting, Evonne is playing the piano, and Minister Cai Jing is listening. In the upper right corner of the screen, there is the word "Listening to Songs" inscribed by Zhao Suo, and in the lower left corner, there is the oath of "One Man under the Heaven" and the seal of "Imperial Book" in Zhu Wenyi. There are poems inscribed by Cai Jing, paintings handed down from generation to generation, and more than one painting with Cai's title, such as Wen Hui Tu, Jiang Xuegui Ji Tu and Yu Ying Tu, all with Cai's title. It can be seen that the inscription on the emperor's brush at that time seemed quite random. The problem is that the content of this poem is very different. The poem inscribed by Cai in "Listening to Songs" is: "Singing calls for the tune of the stove, asking questions loosely, and there is a breeze. Look down on the trial and be affectionate. It seems to be an instant hit with no strings attached. " In this poem, Cai did not praise the emperor's brush. However, the title of "Snow Water Returning to the Map" is "Your Majesty's Brilliant Pen of Dan Qing", and it says: "Cover your mind." Cai also wrote disgusting eulogies such as "Your Majesty, moving heaven and earth with virtue" and "The magic of pen is beyond measure". It can be seen that the last two paintings should be original works of Zhao. If it is a ghost painting, Cai Jing dare not praise it so much, because for an emperor who is good at painting, if he gives too much praise to ghost painting, he will be suspected of satirizing the emperor.
In addition, Wen Hui Tu has a poem written by Evonne: "Wen Hui Tu: Confucianism and Lin Huaguo are the same in ancient and modern times, chanting and flying, waking up drunk. The Toastmasters are all newcomers, and it is still very happy to see Xiong Wen when painting. " Cai Jing's poem "Harmony" says: "If you don't have a hall, eight people will return to the middle way. Eighteen scholars in those years, whose economics is the best, is really ridiculous. " Mr. Xie thinks that if this painting was written by himself, why did he use the tone of "I still like to see it when painting"? This is obviously the tone used when reading other people's works, including the title "Wen Hui Tu" written at the beginning, and it is not like the title painted by yourself. Cai Jing's harmony poems are in the upper left corner of the painting, far away from the upper right corner and Evonne's poems, while Cai Jing's poems only rhyme and the emperor's poems, which extend Evonne's poems and flaunt that they are better than the Tang Dynasty at that time, but the emperor's brush doesn't have a word. This is consistent with the poetic style of "listening to the piano". Therefore, listening to the piano is not a real pen, or a ghostwriting, but the work of the painter of the Academy of Painting was satisfied by the emperor, so he wrote a poem, while Cai Jing was just a propositional poem, so he didn't praise the painting itself.
Evonne's paintings, such as bamboo bird, willow crow, egret, pipa mountain bird, autumn bird with golden shadow, four birds, dragon stone and apricot parrot, all have a common artistic theme, that is, to pursue a beautiful and meticulous sketch, with gentle pen and vivid image. Therefore, most of the above works should be written by Evonne, but some of them are still controversial.
Although there are poems inscribed by Evonne in "The Golden Rooster of Lotus" and "The Bird Map of Mount Mera" collected in the Palace Museum, they are both masterpieces handed down from generation to generation by Evonne. But from the point of view of brushwork, it seems that Evonne doesn't have that kind of pen feeling and ink meaning in his bones. Similarly, the figures, landscapes and bamboos in "Listening to the Qin" and "Wen Hui" are also different from the above handwriting, and they are actually "imperial paintings".
"Painting Guide" also said that Zhou Yizhuan, a painter of Xuanhe Painting Academy, "promised to imitate Tang paintings". In other words, the painter Zhouyi painted the paintings of the Tang people for the emperor, which shows that copying some works of the Tang people is also unreliable. For example, Evonne's "Copying Zhang Xuan's Map of Tao Ren" and "Lady You Chuntu of the State of Guo" are not Evonne's original works. The former brushwork is redundant and not smooth; The horseshoe painted by the latter is unremarkable, which is quite different from Evonne's artistic technique.
Mr. Xu Bangda said in "An Introduction to the Appraisal of Ancient Calligraphy and Painting": "The strangest thing is that almost 80% or 90% of Song Huizong Evonne's paintings were ghostwritten by the masters of the Academy at that time. He never tires of entertaining others, because most of the picture frames are left in the palace for his own appreciation-the famous Collection of Xuanhe Ruilan has accumulated to several thousand copies. Although it is named as "Imperial Painting", "Imperial Painting" and "Imperial Book", in fact, those "Imperial Painting" are not handwritten. I really don't understand what he is.
Mr. Xie defended it: "There is a conjecture that these paintings are by no means' ghostwriting'. As a matter of fact, Evonne's paintings don't represent Huang Ran. Therefore, these imperial paintings, which didn't mention the author's name, seem to be the creations of students from the "Third Academy", or the monthly exam works, which were inscribed on the paintings after being selected by Evonne, showing the emperor's favor. However, being said to be' ghostwriting in dyeing' is beyond the dignity of an emperor who is good at painting! " (Preface to Complete Works of Song Huizong and Evonne)
In a word, among all the works with Evonne's "imperial paintings", it is difficult to distinguish which paintings are Evonne's and which are not. At the same time, I'm afraid it's hard to completely guess why Song Huizong is so self-deceiving.