After the establishment of this association, German shepherd dogs began to breed in a planned way on 1899. It was bred by grazing dogs in Germany and South Germany at that time, in order to get high-level talented working dogs. In order to achieve this goal, the German shepherd dog standard was established. This standard involves not only the physical characteristics of dogs, but also the personality characteristics of dogs.
German shepherd dog is moderate in size and slightly malleable; Strong, with strong muscles and strong bones; Play in harmony. The important proportion data is that the male dog is 60-65 cm tall and the female dog is 55-60 cm tall. Body length must exceed body height 10%- 17%. Characteristics German shepherd dogs must have good self-defense ability, strong nervous system balance ability and absolute selfless dedication. At the same time, it must maintain a good natural instinct, unless this instinct needs to be limited by human beings. German shepherd dogs must also be full of mental state, light and agile; Must have courage and courage, as well as tenacious struggle and fighting instinct, he must also have a strong possessiveness. These are the most essential requirements for German shepherd dogs. Only with these conditions can it become a faithful companion of human beings and shoulder the responsibility of defending, guarding and grazing. German shepherd's head should be wide and coordinated with the whole body, and the length of the head should account for about 40% of the body height. But the head shape should not be clumsy and unclear, especially not too long. From the overall appearance, the head skin must be dry and elastic, and there should be no wrinkles and loose skin. The distance between the ears must be moderate, the ratio of the forehead to the tip of the mouth should be 50/50, and the width of the forehead must be the same as its length. The skull from the ear to the tip of the nose must have a smooth curve, and there should be a clear partition between the skull and the nose and mouth. The upper and lower parts of the forehead must be well developed. The nose and mouth must be straight, although this may not be as good as the dog's wish. Lips must be firm and elastic, with good wrinkles and black color. The nose must be black.
Oral cavity German shepherd dogs must have strong, well-developed, healthy and complete teeth, all of which should be 42. In addition, the German shepherd's mouth must have a scissors-like bite force, in other words, the bite of the upper and lower teeth can form a scissors-like structure. At the same time, the upper jaw must be able to cover the lower jaw. The edge position of the upper jaw refers to the upper and lower layers of the upper and lower teeth in front of the dog. The upper and lower layers cannot completely form a closed line, but the upper teeth can cover the lower teeth, and the upper and lower teeth form a scissors-like closed state. In addition, the jawbone must develop well, so that the sheepdog's teeth can develop normally. Eyes German shepherd's eyes are moderate in size, almond-shaped, slightly inclined, and can't have protrusions. The darker the eyes, the better. The frivolous and reckless eyes of sheepdogs are not satisfactory, which has considerable damage to the dog's expressive force. Ears German shepherd's ears are moderate in size, hard and straight in texture, wide in roots and long on the dog's skull. The ear is always in an upright state, facing the sound target, and the ear width is open to the front. A slight tilt of a dog's ear can be considered a defect. If the dog's ears can't stand upright and droop, this is a very serious defect. In addition, dogs can turn their ears to the back when running. Collie sheepdog must have a strong neck, good muscle tissue, especially throat, and should not have redundant and loose skin. The included angle between the neck and trunk is 45 degrees. The trunk German shepherd should have a smooth quilt line, starting from the nape of the neck and passing through the well-developed shoulders that can form a straight line, and there should be no visible protrusions. A dog's back must be strong and strong with good muscle tissue. The waist should be wide, well developed and have good muscle tissue. Hips must be long, slightly inclined downward, at an angle of 23 degrees with the horizontal plane, especially the top should be smooth without any protrusion, forming a natural transition with the starting point of the tail. The chest of a German shepherd must have a proper width and roundness, and be long and obvious. The depth of the chest should account for 45% of the total height of the dog. German shepherd's ribs must have a proper curvature. Too round and peaceful will be regarded as a defect. Tail The tail of a German shepherd should have thick hair at the lower part of the tail, and the length should reach at least the claw joint, and the ideal length should reach the middle of the claw bone. When the tail is at rest, it should bend slightly, like a saber. When the tail swings up, its curvature will increase. It is forbidden to change the shape of sheepdog's tail by surgery. Forelegs The front legs of the German Shepherd must be absolutely straight from any direction, and the legs must be balanced from the front. The scapula and the upper arm must have the same length, developed muscle tissue and close bone connection with the body. The ideal angle between the scapula and the upper arm should be 90 degrees, but an angle of about 1 10 degrees is generally acceptable. At the same time, the elbow must be closely connected with the body, but there must be a distance to stand and move. The length of the wrist must be 65438+ 0/3 of the length of the front leg, and its included angle with the front leg is about 20-22 degrees. Moreover, the wrist should not be too straight, nor should it have an included angle (above 20-22 degrees), so as not to affect the endurance of the shepherd dog. Claw German shepherd's claws are round, toes should be close together, and there should be a semicircle arch. There should be plenty of foot pads under the claws, which can be wear-resistant and can't have crispy skin. Dog nails are short, thick, strong and black. The position of the hind leg bone of the hind leg extends to the back of the sheepdog. Seen from the back, the bones of the hind legs on both sides should be balanced, the length of the upper and lower bones of the thigh is similar, and the included angle between the two bones is about 120 degrees. The thigh must be strong and have good muscle tissue, and the claw joint must be strong and firm, located on the vertical line of the hind claw. Gait The basic gait of German shepherd dog is that the front of right foot and the back of left foot are alternately lifted, walked or trotted. To achieve this gait, the dog's limbs must be balanced on both sides of the body. In the process of paddling forward, the hind legs of the dog should reach the midpoint of the dog's body, and the distance between the two hind legs and the front legs must be equal. At the same time, the back line of the dog's body has no obvious change when paddling forward. The height of the German shepherd dog adapts to its limbs. Only in this way can the dog make a big leap and look relaxed. When the dog rushes forward, the head is forward, the tail is slightly upturned, and the movement is balanced, and an arc is formed from the tip of the ear through the back until the tip of the tail. The skin is firm without any wrinkles. The standard body hair types of German shepherd dogs are divided into surface body hair and lower body hair. The surface body hair must be thick, straight and hard, and covered densely. Hair on the head, ears, claws and legs must be long and thick. The hair of the hind legs can form a hair-rich area similar to "pants". Color German shepherd's coat color should be yellow and black, accompanied by cloud-like black hair, and the back and face are also black. Furthermore, the ribs of a sheepdog can be white, but this color is not ideal. The dog's nose hair must be completely black, and there is too little black hair on the face, too little black hair around the eyes, and light or white nails and tail tips should be regarded as pigment deficiency. The sheepdog's lower body hair should be light gray. White is not allowed. Height and weight
Male: The height is 60 ~ 65cm and the weight is 30 ~ 40kg.
Female: Male dog, height 55-60 cm, testicle weight 22-32 kg, must have paired testicles and well developed scrotum.
Defects Any deviation from the above standards will be regarded as the defects of German Shepherd, and the severity of the defects can be confirmed by the recognition grade.
Serious defects deviate from the feeding standard of the above sheepdog, which affects the practicality and appreciation of the sheepdog, and are regarded as serious defects of the sheepdog. In addition, the sheepdog's hypopigmentation, overweight, laxity and laziness, loss or deficiency of orientation ability and paw dysplasia will also be regarded as serious defects.
Ear defect: the ears on both sides of the skull are too low, the ears are soft and the tips of the ears are rolled up.
Other defects
1, fragile personality, excessive tension, nervous roar.
2. It has been proved that there are serious hip diseases. 3, single howling, crying, testicular malformation.
4. The tail and ears are deformed. 5. The dog is hurt. 6, the dog's teeth are incomplete.
7. The dog's paws are incomplete. 8. Exceeding or below the normal height standard of German shepherd (1cm).
9. albinism.
10, if the dog's head hair is white (of course, if the dog's nose hair and eye hair are still black, then recognize it. )
1 1, long-haired dog. The hair on the head is soft, long and loose, especially the hair on the inside and outside of the ear is too long, the hair on the back of the front and rear legs is too long, and the hair on the lower part of the tail is too long. )
12, a long-haired dog with no fur at all. The dog's hair hangs down from the middle of his back to his sides. /showtopic-299884.html