Ancient social etiquette knowledge: address etiquette and modesty
1. Self-proclaimed: stupid, humble, humble, minister, servant, Mongolian, incompetent, inferior, inferior, inferior.
2. The emperor claimed to be lonely, widowed, embarrassed and indifferent.
3. Ancient officials claimed to be: Xiaguan, Last Guan and Xuli.
This scholar calls himself a pupil, a late student, a late student, a poor talent and a corrupt official.
To others, people usually call their wives humble, mean, wife and mountain.
6. Call your son a child, a dog and a puppy.
7. Call your daughter, daughter, daughter, etc.
8. Women call themselves concubines, slaves, etc.
Many courtesy titles are conventional, such as:
? Home? Words. Used to address others as senior or older relatives. For example, call the father the father, respect the family, be strict with the family, and be a gentleman; Call my mother my mother and my family; Call brother: brother; Call your sister's sister; Uncle: Uncle.
? Give up? Words. Used to refer to others who are relatives of their elders or descendants. For example, call a younger brother: younger brother; Call elder sister: elder sister; Give up a nephew: call it a nephew; Call relatives: give up relatives.
? Small? Words. Call yourself or someone or something related to yourself humbly. For example, men humbly call themselves younger brothers among friends or acquaintances; People with low status call themselves: villains; Call yourself a shop modestly: a small shop.
? Old? Words. Used to belittle oneself or something related to oneself. If you say you have no culture, you are a redneck; Old people humbly call themselves: old; Young people refer to their own faces: old faces; The old woman humbly calls herself: old woman.
? Dare you? Words. Take the liberty of asking someone else. If used to ask each other questions: dare to ask; Used to ask someone to do something: dare to ask; Used to trouble the other party to do one thing: dare to trouble.
? Stupid? Words. Used as a courtesy title for self-assertion. For example, call yourself younger than yourself: silly brother; Tell me your opinion: my humble opinion.
? Stupid? Words. Something used to weigh yourself for others. For example, address your own words or calligraphy and painting modestly: the words are not well written; Humble your own article: clumsy, clumsy; Humble opinion: Humble opinion.
? Oh? Words. Used to belittle oneself or something related to oneself. If you call yourself modest: I am a man; Humble your surname: my surname; Humbly call your own home and place: our place; Call your school humbly: our school.
? Mean? Words. Used to belittle oneself or something related to oneself. If you call yourself modest: I am; Humble your opinion: contempt: humble your opinion: humble opinion.
Second, your respectful name
1. For the emperor: Long live the saint, the son of heaven, the holy driving, your majesty, your majesty.
2. to the general: under his command
3. Use honorific terms, honorific terms and honorific terms for each other or their relatives.
Order: Your father (opposite father), your mother (opposite mother), your brother (opposite brother), your son (opposite son), your love (opposite daughter), respect: used to refer to people and things related to each other.
Respect (the other parent), the public, the monarch and the government (the other father).
Zuntang (the mother of the other party) respects the relatives (the relatives of the other party), the life (the orders of the other party) and the meaning (the meaning of the other party).
Xianjia (referring to the other party) Xianlang (the other party's son) Xian Di (the other party's brother)
Jen: Call those friends who are older than themselves my good friends. Call a superior person a benevolent person.
4. Call the old man a husband. After the Tang Dynasty, my father-in-law was called my father-in-law, also known as Mount Tai. The wife and mother are the mother-in-law, also known as Taishui.
5. Add before the title? First of all? The table is dead and used as a title of respect for a person of high status or an elderly person. Calling for the dead father: the first exam, the first father. The name is dead mother: virtuous words, virtuous words. The dead and the talented: sages. The late emperor.
6. Your courtesies to ministers are: Qing and Mourning Qing.
7. For people with noble moral character and superior wisdom? Saint? Show respect? Confucius? For what? Saint? ,? Mencius? For what? Yasheng? Du fu? For what? Poet saint? And then what? Saint? Mostly used for emperors, such as? Holy? 、? Divine driving? .
Third, the special title
1. People's titles: Buyi, Limin, Sublime, Sublime and Mang.
2. Bo (Meng) Zhong: The ranking order of brother and brother. Bo (Meng) is the eldest, Zhong is the second, Uncle is the third and Ji is the fourth.
3. Appellations between different friends:
Poor friends: friends you made when your status was low.
Friendship in Jin Lan: Friendly and close friends like brothers.
A friend in need: a friend who shares weal and woe
Forget the turn of the year: friends of different generations and ages.
Friends of the opposite sex who grew up together.
Cloth friend: a friend who associates as a civilian.
A friend in need: a friend formed when encountering hardships.
Knowledge of Ancient Social Etiquette II: Birthday, the year, month, day and hour of a person's birth, each with two words and four with eight words. According to these eight words, we can calculate a person's fate. In case of major events, eight characters need to be calculated. In the old custom, when engaged, both men and women exchange Geng cards with birthdays on them. The two sides ask each other about the fate of the birth, yin and yang, to determine whether they can get married, and whether it is good or bad.
Basic introduction
In order to get the correct time of birth, ancient people used sundial instruments to measure the most accurately during the day. When the clock time is man-made average time and regional standard, it must be calculated according to solar terms (ecliptic)? Depending on the solar time difference? According to the place of birth? Local longitude time difference? In order to get the real astronomical time of birth.
In the almanac, there are basically annual and daily branches, while monthly and hourly branches can be calculated according to the annual and daily branches.
Push-and-discharge method: push out the monthly stem and branch from the annual stem. See 1 chart and monthly table. If the annual stem is a or self, then the stem in the first month of that year is C Yin; If the annual stem is B or G, the stem in the first month of that year is Wuyin; If the annual work is C or Xin, the work in the first month of that year is Geng Yin; If the annual stem is Ding or Ren, then the stem in the first month of that year is Ren Yin; If the year's work is the Reform Movement of 1898 or the year's work in the first month of that year is Jiayin.
Purple stone: 23 o'clock? 12: 59 am
Ugly time: 1? 2: 59 a.m.
Yin Shi: Three o'clock? 4: 59 a.m.
Shi Mao: Five o'clock? 6: 59 a.m.
Chen Shi: Seven o'clock? 8: 59 a.m.
Shi Si: Nine o'clock? Noon 10: 59
At noon: 1 1? Afternoon 12: 59
Not yet: 13? Afternoon 14: 59
Shen Shi: 15? 16: 59 pm
You Shi: 17? 18: 59 pm
When: 19? 20: 59 p.m.
Shihai: 2 1? 22: 59 p.m.
Knowledge of Ancient Social Etiquette III: Wedding Etiquette The ancient wedding ceremony, from ancient times? Six gifts? : It evolved from one move, two names, three Najib, four moves, five invitations and six weddings. Although there are many changes in the wedding form now, is it traditional? Six gifts? The main contents of basic preservation. In today's society, people prefer Chinese weddings. Integrating these traditional etiquette into their own wedding celebrations will highlight their own personality characteristics and taste style. Let's introduce some ancient marriage knowledge.
1, Nacai
It was the first stage of the wedding, and I planned to reach an agreement and pay a deposit. The procedure is: the man's family asks the matchmaker to propose marriage to the woman's family. If the woman's family does not refuse, she will prepare a small amount of gifts to formally propose marriage. There should be geese in the financial resources, which is the so-called? Faint gift, geese used for lucky draw? . So, that's why? Canon? Gift.
Step 2 ask the name
The ceremony in which the man's family asks the matchmaker to ask the woman's surname, date of birth, and time to get married, commonly known as? Post? . Asking about gifts evolved from asking about birthdays to later asking about birth mother's identity, family status, property, physical health and so on. In fact, the ceremony of asking names involves two issues, one is the fate of divination, the yin and yang of the date of birth of men and women, and the other is social status and property.
3. Najib
Naji is a ceremony to inform the woman of the good results of family divination and marriage after asking her name. It is often called engagement now. After asking the name, the man's family listed the woman's birthday and the son's birthday, and invited Wu? Fortune telling? Seek good luck (commonly known as? Horoscope? At the same time, the man's family also prepared gifts for the woman's family to decide to get engaged. Old-fashioned wedding rings, jewelry, colored silk, gift cakes, incense sticks, pigs and sheep are commonly used. People also call this a ceremony? Small employment? 、? Engaged? .
4. Zheng Na
Parents above male and female invite some relatives and friends to conclude an engagement ceremony, and the man pays the money to the woman's house, and the engagement is established. This is one of the most important procedures in the Six Rites. This is because the bride price is mostly money, cloth and silk, and the gift money is mostly auspicious, and the quantity is double taboo. At this point, the relationship between husband and wife was established.
5. Please make a date
A ceremony in which the man's family and the woman's family agree on the date of marriage. After the marriage, the man and the woman negotiate the date of the late marriage. If the woman's family refuses, it is up to the man's family to decide. Mention the date? 、? Send it to heaven? . In ancient times, when choosing a date, a fortune teller was asked to determine the so-called? Jiri? And most of them are double dates. Although modern customs are preserved, memorable days are the main choice. At this stage, at the wedding ceremony, the woman's family should prepare a dowry, mostly pairs of bedding, clothes, cabinets, pots and barrels.
Step 6 welcome in person
From the ceremony when the newlywed husband went to the woman's house to marry the bride, to the day when the wedding was scheduled, the newlywed husband took the wedding team to the woman's house to marry the bride. Welcome back, the newlyweds hold a ceremony to pay homage to the bride. Is this a tradition? Three obeisances? Ceremony. After that, I hosted a banquet to entertain the guests. After the banquet, what was the excitement? Make trouble in the bridal chamber? Activities. At this point, the woman entered her husband's family and became a full member.
Knowledge of ancient social etiquette 4: the gift of walking and meeting 1. Walking gift
The ancients also paid attention to the handling of interpersonal relationships in walking, so they had the gift of walking. Used in ancient times? Polite? That is to say, when people with low status walk in front of people with high status, they must bow their heads and pay tribute to people with high esteem with one small step, that is? Polite? . What else is the walking etiquette? Can't walk in the middle, can't stand at the door? The principle that you should not walk in the middle of the road, but should walk beside it; Don't stand in the middle of the door This not only shows respect for the venerable person, but also avoids pedestrians.
Second, the ceremony of the meeting.
People should be warm and polite when meeting each other every day. There are certain rules on how to meet people with different identities. For example, general greetings and upward bows. Bowing ceremony is the most common meeting etiquette. The way is to put your hands together (usually your right hand is clenched and your left hand is placed above your right hand) and raise it to your chest, standing without leaning down, indicating general courtesy. If you are a guest, when you sit down in the door, the host and the guest salute each other politely and humbly. You are bowing at this time. What is it called? Concession? .
Bowing is the same as making a fist with both hands, arching and pressing down again, while lowering your head and leaning forward slightly. Bowing is a common etiquette in daily life. In addition to the above social occasions, people often bow to thank, congratulate, apologize and entrust others to do things. People with high status often bow to people with low status in return.
Bowing ceremony has a history of two or three thousand years. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, people of the same age have adopted it when they meet and communicate. The ancients expressed their respect for others in a self-deprecating way through stylized etiquette.
Ancient social etiquette knowledge 5: The record of drinking etiquette and wine virtue was first seen in Shangshu and The Book of Songs. Confucianism holds that drinkers should be virtuous and not extravagant. Offering wine to worship God and respecting the elderly and guests are all manifestations of virtue, so Confucianism is not opposed to drinking. "History? Wine patent embodies Confucianism, which can be summarized as follows:
? Only drink sacrifices, and only drink when offering sacrifices;
? Don't drink frequently without easy wine, and drink less and save money at ordinary times;
? Holding collective drinking and prohibiting people from gathering to drink;
? No indulgence, no drinking.
There are four main steps in ancient drinking etiquette: worship, sacrifice, vomiting and death. Specifically, it is to make a gesture of worship first to show respect; Then pour a little wine on the ground to thank the earth for its richness; Then taste the wine and be full of praise; Finally, I raised my glass and drank it. The wine ceremony must be observed, otherwise it will be suspected of making trouble.
At the banquet, the host will propose a toast to the guests? Ask for a reward, and the guest will return it to the host? That's strong. You have to say a few words in a toast. Guests can also toast each other? It's called travel pay. Sometimes you have to take turns toasting people? Order wine. Ordinary toasts need three cups, both the toaster and the toaster? There are no seats standing.
Ancient social etiquette knowledge 6: banquet etiquette 1. banquet
In ancient times, banquets were called seats, which were named after the seats. So-called? Feast? , that is, reed -pu woven fabric laid on the ground, and? Seats? Did you put it in? Feast? At the top, the material is finer fabric or leather. The circumference of the feast is 10 feet and 6 feet. According to the Book of Rites, the emperor's seat is five-fold, the vassal seat is three-fold, and the doctor is heavy. Exquisite seats are decorated with silk.
Second, the seat position
During the Qin and Han dynasties, people sat on the floor when reading, entertaining guests, drinking and other daily activities. Their sitting posture is not sitting cross-legged, but squatting (j? ), that is, the knees are on the ground, the soles of the feet are up, the upper body is straight, and the posture is like kneeling, but the hips are sitting on the heels, so it is also called kneeling.
In ancient times, there were usually four people at a banquet, one in each direction. Located? Don? The banquet at the banquet is more formal, and the seats are generally facing south, so the guest of honor is in the north, while the host, deputy guest and host are in the east, south and west respectively, and the west seat is the last seat. And located in? Room? Banquets in the hotel are private, and most of them respect the east, so the guest of honor is in the west, the guest of honor, the deputy guest and the host are in the north, south and east respectively, and the east seat is the last seat.
Third, the ceremony before eating.
Before dinner? Take a picture? . Taking pictures is to fasten your belt, adjust your skirt and dress neatly; Washing is washing hands and gargling. Grasping food with your hands is an ancient habit, and your hands should be clean. This is not only a requirement for health, but also a necessary condition for self-cultivation. To this day, we still insist on washing our hands before meals, which is in the same strain as the ancient ceremony.
Fourth, put food.
The food at the banquet should follow the etiquette. Officials and nobles enjoy the privilege, rich in food, neatly arranged, and eat with a tripod (cooker, three feet and two ears). For example, the princes used eight baskets of Jiuding (guǐ, utensils, round mouth and ears), and the Qing and Shang doctors used seven pots and six baskets. What else is there? Doctor eight beans (high seat board) doctor six beans? Wait a minute.
The ancients, like the present, were all right-handed, so put (z? , meat), vegetables, soup, wine, acyl (xο, vinegar), sauce and other convenient things on the right hand side, and put the dishes (xi? O, meat with bones), pickles, roasted vegetables, onions, rice and other relatively troublesome foods are placed near the left hand. The ancients lived on cases, each with one copy, which was different from later generations. What is the key to its establishment? That is, food should be properly placed.
Five, eat
Before eating, symbolically recommend ancestors to make sacrifices, which are called sacrifices, or sacrifices and weekly sacrifices. Diet order: eat before drinking, eat vegetables before eating meat, and eat fruit after meals.
Of course, it depends on the gestures or actions of the host after sitting, and you can't eat it rashly. This is still the etiquette that should be followed today. Banquets of emperors, princes and nobles, and music. The common music at that time was ringing bells. In addition, the meat cooks provide food in a split position, forming a spectacular eating scene. In the process of eating, it is also indispensable for the host and guest to choose auspicious words to toast. This is actually the same as the speech and toast at today's banquet, and it is also a toast to friendship and health. In the past, the host used wine to entertain guests. This is called? Dedication? Give a plum (sweet wine), guests can't drink it all, just taste it. What's the name of persuading customers to drink? Pay? . What is the name of the guest's toast to the host? Hey? (Zu? )。 What is the name of drinking without reward? Hey? (Ji? O). In ancient times, there was a custom of punishing each other with wine, called? Floating? .
Six, tableware
By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the custom of grasping food was less and less, and tableware and wine utensils had been fully popularized. Nowadays, bowls, plates, lamps, cups, pots, spoons, knives, forks and chopsticks in tableware have become common things in people's homes. What did you say later? What about rice? Probably because during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, chopsticks were mainly used to hold vegetables, and they were not as widely used as chopsticks in later generations. In addition, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, food containers were mostly made of pottery and wood by ordinary people, while the aristocratic class was made of copper, lacquer, jade and gold.
Seven, taboo