1, Liu bang
Liu Bang (256 BC 1 1 24th of the month-65438 BC+25th of April, 095) was the founder of the Han Dynasty, one of the great pioneers of the Han nationality and culture, and an outstanding politician, strategist and conductor in the history of China. He made outstanding contributions to the development of the Han nationality and the reunification of China. ?
Liu bang was born in a peasant family, and he was open-minded and did not care about production. Qin was then the curator of Surabaya Pavilion in Pei County, and died in Mangdang Mountain for releasing criminals. Shortly after the Chen Sheng Uprising, Liu Bang rallied 3,000 children to respond to the Uprising, captured Peixian and other places, called Pei Gong, and soon defected to Xiang Liang, where he served as the prefect of the Party and County, sealed the Hou of Wu 'an, and commanded the military forces of the Party and County.
In 206 BC 10, Liu Bangjun entered Pakistan, and Zi Ying, king of Qin, surrendered to Liu Bang. The Qin Dynasty perished. Liu bang abolished Qin's harsh laws and made three chapters with Guanzhong elders.
After the Hongmen banquet, it was named Hanwang, ruling Bashu and Hanzhong areas. In the early period of Chu-Han War, there were many defeats and wars. However, he knew people well, paid attention to training, gave full play to the talents of his subordinates, paid attention to uniting forces against Xiang Yu, and finally turned defeat into victory.
After defeating Xiang Yu, he unified the whole country. On February 28th, 202 BC, Liu Bang ascended the throne in Dingtao, with Chang 'an as its capital, which was called the Western Han Dynasty in history.
After he acceded to the throne, he eliminated Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu, Zangcha and other governors with different surnames, and divided the land into nine governors with the same surnames. On the other hand, the establishment of rules and regulations, the adoption of a relaxed rest policy to govern the world, the demobilization of soldiers to return home, the exemption of corvee, the emphasis on agriculture and the suppression of business, the restoration of broken social economy, and the stability of feudal rule order.
It not only appeased the people, but also contributed to the rich cultural foundation of the Han Dynasty. Adopt the pro-Xiongnu policy, open the market with Xiongnu, and ease the relationship between the two sides.
In BC 195, Liu Bang was shot by a flowing arrow because of his crusade against Ying Bu rebellion. Later, he became seriously ill and collapsed in the same year. His temple name is Mao, Emperor Gao of posthumous title? .
2. Liu Heng
Liu Heng (203 BC-BC 157), namely Emperor Wendi (reigned 180 BC 157), the fourth son of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, his mother Ji Bo, the younger brother of Emperor Wudi, and the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.
/kloc-in 0/96, after Emperor Gaozu put down the rebellion in Chen Yi, he made Liu Heng the acting king. He is tolerant and peaceful and keeps a low profile politically. After the death of Emperor Gaozu, Lv Hou was in power, and Zhu Lu held the military and political power of the imperial court.
Before his death in A.D. 180, Qiu He, the prime minister, wiped out all Lu, and welcomed Dai Wang to Beijing as emperor and emperor of China.
After Emperor Wen ascended the throne, he vigorously built water conservancy, dressed simply and abolished corporal punishment, which made the Han Dynasty enter a prosperous and stable period. At that time, the people were rich and the world was well off.
When Liu Heng was the acting king, there was a queen with four sons. Shortly after Liu Heng proclaimed himself emperor, these four sons died one after another, and Liu Qi, the son of Dou, was the longest and the most popular among other sons.
Three months after Liu Heng ascended the throne (in the first month of the first year of Emperor Jingdi), Liu Qi was made the Crown Prince, and in March of the first year, Dou was made the queen. The rule of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty and his son Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty is collectively called the rule of Wenjing? .
When Emperor Wendi was in power, there were some problems, such as the excessive influence of vassal states and the Huns invading the Central Plains. Emperor Wen of Han adopted an attitude of serving people with virtue.
Morally, Emperor Wendi personally tasted medicine for his mother and was deeply filial. In June of the seventh year of Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty collapsed in Weiyang Palace in Chang 'an and was buried in Baling.
3. Liu Qi
Liu Qi (the fifth day of the twelfth lunar month in 188 BC-the first month of14 BC/0/year), the eldest son of Han Jingdi (reigned from 157 BC to14 BC/year), and the filial piety queen (filial piety queen) 16, Emperor Xiaojing of posthumous title was buried in Yangling.
During Liu Qi's reign, he carried out the policy of "cutting vassals", divided the vassal states into fiefs, put down the "Seven-Country Rebellion", consolidated centralization, and diligently governed the country, continued to pursue the policy of "saving the people", developed production and reduced taxes.
Emperor Han Jingdi played an important role in the history of the Western Han Dynasty. He inherited and developed the career of his father, Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and together with his father, he initiated the "governance of cultural scene". And laid the foundation for his son Liu Che's "Hanwu Prosperity" and completed the transformation from Wendi to Wudi.
4. Liu Che
Liu Che (BC156-March 29th, 87 BC), namely Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the seventh emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was a politician and strategist.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (before 1, 4 1-87 years), the Chinese and foreign dynasties, the system of secretariat of history and the procuratorial system were established politically, and the law of commendation was promulgated to strengthen the autocratic monarchy and centralization.
Economically, measures such as leveling, compensation, calculation and suing were adopted to cast five baht, which made the government monopolize the operation of salt, iron and wine and suppressed the influence of wealthy businessmen. Culturally, it "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone" and established imperial academy.
Externally, Emperor Wudi adopted an expansion policy. In addition to fighting the Huns for years, it also broke Fujian and Vietnam, South Vietnam, Weishi Korea and Dawan, hollowed out the western regions, opened up the Silk Road and opened up the southwest.
In addition, there are some measures, such as creating a year number and issuing a calendar in the early days. However, he believed in magic, boasted about luxury and resorted to military tactics, which led to the crisis of rule and the outbreak of witchcraft in his later years. Later, because of the frustration of external expansion, it was awarded the "Imperial Decree of Wheel Platform".
In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (87 BC), Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty collapsed in Zuo Wu Palace at the age of 70 and was buried in Maoling.
5. Liu Xiu
Liu Xiu (65438 BC+65438 BC 10 BC+March 29th, 05 -57 BC), namely Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (reigned in 25-57 AD), was born in Jiyang Palace, Jiyang County, Chenliu, and was born in Caiyang County (now Zaoyang City, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province). China was the first emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the temple name "Shizu" and posthumous title "Guangwudi".
At the end of the new dynasty, the country was divided and the world was in chaos, and Liu Xiu, a Han civilian, took advantage of Nanyang County. In the third year of rehabilitation (25 years), Liu Xiu openly broke with the rehabilitation regime and proclaimed himself emperor in Chiaki Minami Pavilion in Xiang County. In order to show Liu's revival, he still takes "Han" as his country name, which is called "Eastern Han" in history.
After 12 years of unified war, Liu Xiu eliminated the separatist forces in Kanto, Longyou and Xishu successively, ending the warlord melee and separatist situation that lasted for nearly 20 years since the end of Xinmang.
In his thirty-three years in office, Liu Xiu carried out political reform on the central official position, reorganized the bureaucracy, streamlined the organization, and gave preferential treatment to the heroes. Liberate productive forces economically, recuperate and vigorously develop the economy.
Culturally, carry forward Confucianism and respect honesty. The Eastern Han Dynasty was also praised by later historians as "the most beautiful and prosperous period of Confucianism" (Sima Guang and Liang Qichao) in the history of China.
On the fifth day of February in the second year of Jianwu Zhongyuan (57 years), Liu Xiu died in the front hall of Nangong at the age of 62. After Liu Xiu's death, his son Liu Zhuang succeeded to the throne. On the fifth day of March of the same year, Liu Xiu was buried in the original mausoleum, and went there with the temple name of Shi-zu and posthumous title Guangwudi, who was later called Guangwudi.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Monarch of Han Dynasty