The east-west cat alley is 585 meters long and 7 meters wide. Both ends of Maoer Hutong are connected with the bustling streets, and cars of various colors shuttle from time to time inside. Under the dense forest and vagina, fashionable sports cars and ancient tricycles crisscross between the red doors and gray walls, vaguely revealing the extraordinary status of Maoer Hutong. Siheyuan; siheyuan;?quadrangle?dwellings
Maoer Hutong The existing quadrangle Maoer Hutong is located at the intersection of Dongcheng District. Existing quadrangles are: Maoer Hutong No.5, Maoer Hutong No.9 (Keyuan), Maoer Hutong1(Wenyufu), Maoer Hutong 13 (Feng's former residence), Maoer Hutong No.21(former site of Wenchang Palace in Zitong Temple), and The starting point of Maoer Hutong also intersects with the famous Nanluoguxiang. There used to be the famous Ju 'er Hutong, the military plane records and the mansion of Rong Lu, a college student. There is a famous smoky alley on the tail, and the stone lions that have climbed are still well placed in front of 1 1 Hutong and Houhai; Old walls, green trees; China's long and strong culture of Beijing flavor has been melted into the air.
Wenchang Temple 1 (only a monument inscribed by Liu Yong) is now a residential building.
Courtyard No.5, near the east entrance of Hutong and Zhumen Dahe, is a typical quadrangle in Qing Dynasty, but the door is always closed.
The gate of 13 has been changed into home, and a door has been opened next to it. From the outside, you can't see how magnificent the yard is. During the Republic of China, Feng, the president of Beiyang government, was forced to retire and lived here, and died in this courtyard a year later. Buildings from the Republic of China are still preserved in the courtyard.
No.38 B is the main service reception facility of Dongcheng Youth Art Museum: No.38 is Huifuda Hotel;
43 B is hailishe teahouse; Shogunate Raz Indian restaurant;
Courtyard 45 was once the prefect's yamen of the Qing Dynasty and the Ministry of Security of the Republic of China. After liberation, it was changed to the central experimental theater, and there was a staff dormitory in the hospital. A tower built in the 1980s is out of harmony with the surrounding quadrangles. The prefect's yamen was long gone.
Wenyuzhai
Located at No.7-13, Maoer Hutong, it is a mansion with five courtyards connected in parallel, with a total area of 1 1000 square meters. It has a large scale, accurate layout and complete pavilions, which is very rare in existing private houses. The "Keyuan" in this house is a national key cultural relic protection unit, but the protection scope includes four other houses.
Keyuan
Completed in the 11th year of Xianfeng (186 1). It is about 97 meters long from north to south and 26 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of about 4 acres. It is divided into front and back houses, the front yard is centered on marshland, and the back yard is centered on rockery, which are independent of each other and connected by the promenade in the east. There is a main hall in the front yard, a main room in the backyard, facing south, and a small hall in the west wing, which is in balance with the eastern corridor.
The buildings in Keyuan are all gray tiles, and the walls are mainly fair-faced brick walls, which are relatively simple and without white powder. Pavilions and pavilions are all red columns, and corridors are green columns. Su-style color painting was made on the beam Fang, but it was not completely paved, only decorated at the hoop head and core bag. The whole garden has obvious concepts of central axis and right frame. Elegant layout, exquisite architecture, exquisite rocks, winding pools, and many precious ancient trees such as pine, locust and mulberry. The whole garden is well preserved so far, and it is a masterpiece of private gardens in Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty.
Hutong primary school
Maoer Hutong Primary School in Dongcheng District, Beijing is located at No.3, Maoer Hutong 17, Dongcheng District, Beijing.
Maoer Hutong Primary School was founded in 1950 10. With the support of the government, Fang Peiting and other enthusiastic teachers founded Xinmin Primary School to recruit children who did not go to school.
195 1 year, the government officially named it "Maoer Hutong Primary School in Dongcheng District". Zhao's first principal.
1960, the Education Bureau appointed Comrade "Hong Haier" Liu Ping, the first member of the Red Army in the Long March, as the principal.
1966, the Education Bureau appointed Hu Yanhua, a first-class teacher, as the principal. After the Cultural Revolution, 1978, Zhang Dezhong was appointed secretary and principal by the Education Bureau.
In July, 20001year, Zhou was transferred to our school because of his work needs, and officially took over the post of principal at the end of the same year.
Secret radio station
No.2 Maoer Hutong was once the secret radio station of the Ministry of Industry of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Central Bureau. During the War of Liberation, under the leadership of Liu Ren, the Ministry of Industry of Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Central Bureau sent personnel to Beiping to establish a secret radio station, one of which was located at No.2 Maoer Hutong.
Zhao Zhenmin, underground party member, is in charge of the No.2 secret radio station of Maoer Hutong. Zhao Zhenmin used to work in Jizhong Army Division, and was sent by Liu Ren to Tianjin 1943 to do underground work, and was responsible for copying the plain telegram of Yan 'an Xinhua News Agency. 1July, 946, was sent to Beiping as a local operator.
In Peiping under Kuomintang rule, communication equipment was strictly controlled. In order to get the equipment, the underground party opened a "Long Yun electrical materials Tour" in Xisi North Street. Zhao Zhenmin works as a buddy during the day and assembles transmitters with Betty, another underground party member, at night.
The work discipline of underground radio stations is very strict. The work of telegrapher, interpreter and traffic police is strictly separated, and the two sides are not in contact with each other. The operator is only responsible for sending and receiving telegrams. Translators are responsible for translating telegrams into passwords or passwords into messages. Telegrams are written in secret, and the traffic police know neither the content nor the radio station. Send and receive telegrams in hutong.
1949 65438+ 10, the Kuomintang Beiping garrison built a temporary airport in Dongdan Square, and the PLA bombed it from outside the city. At first, the hit rate was very low, and the underground radio station reported the impact point to the front headquarters of Pingjin in time. The artillery corrected the trajectory accordingly and finally blocked the airport with artillery fire. Underground radio stations have made important contributions to the peaceful liberation of Beiping.
Feng former residence
Feng's former residence is located at Maoer Hutong 1 1. Feng was born on December 4, the eighth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1859) and died in the eighth year of the Republic of China (19 19). Huafu is a native of Hejian County, Hebei Province.
After Yuan Shikai was appointed as the interim president of the Republic of China, Feng served as the governor and civil affairs officer of Zhili, and later as the governor of Jiangsu. He once opposed Yuan Shikai's claim to the throne. 19 16 10 In June, the National Assembly elected the Vice President of the Republic of China. 19 17 After the restoration failed, Feng took the vice president as the acting president and resigned on 19 18.
The former residence used to be a group of large-scale gardens with the architectural style of Qing Dynasty, but now it has been divided. The residential building in the west, the low-rise building in the east and the garden in the middle form a magnificent building as a whole. The existing courtyard 1 1, originally the main building, faces south and is divided into five courtyards. There is a gate with a splayed wall and a rock on both sides.
Qing prefect yamen, Ministry of Security of the Republic of China: No.45 Maoer Hutong. That is, the infantry commands the yamen, commonly known as the nine-door prefect, whose function is to be responsible for public security in the capital and assist some criminals.
Wanrong former residence
No.35 and No.37, Maoer Hutong, the pre-marital residence of Puyi's wife Wanrong. It was built by Wan Rong's great-grandfather Guo Buluo Changshun. It used to be just an ordinary house. After Wanrong was made queen, her father made her a third-class benefactor, and the house was upgraded to a benefactor's mansion. As a backyard, it will be expanded. West Road No.4 entered the hospital. East Road is a courtyard with three entrances. There are rockeries and pools in the backyard and a temple in the east. The main house of West Road is a graceful residence. The partition fans and floor-to-ceiling flower covers between the five main rooms are carefully carved. The decoration of the flower house in the East Courtyard is basically well preserved, and the wall facing the Ming Dynasty is covered with giant mirrors, which is said to be the place where Wanrong performed before marriage.
Zitong Temple Wenchang Palace
Located at 2 1 Maoer Hutong. Wenchang Emperor is the god of culture and education who combined wenchang star and Zitong Emperor. Wenchang, the official name of Guxing, is the general name of six stars above Dou Kui (Kuixing). Wenchang has been attached to suburban worship since Zhou Hanjin. Zitong Emperor was originally a Raytheon, and Taoist priests in Song and Yuan Dynasties claimed that the Jade Emperor ordered Zitong Emperor to be in charge of Wenchang Mansion and earthly land. Both wenchang star and Zitong Emperor are regarded as gods who dominate fame and fortune by Taoism. In the third year of Yanyou (13 16), Yuan Renzong combined them into "the land of Wenchang in Yuan Dynasty", so it was called Wenchang Emperor. Wenchang Temple was built between Yuan Shundi and Mindfulness, and was overhauled in the sixth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (180 1). Wenchang Temple includes the mountain gate, Bell and Drum Tower, Kuiguang Hall, Guixiang Hall (for Wenchang Emperor) and Yubei Pavilion. There are also Guandi Temple, God of Wealth Temple and Great Compassion Hall, with a total of 89 halls and buildings. Every year
The Spring and Autumn Festival (the Spring Festival is on February 3rd, which is said to be the birthday of Emperor Wenchang) is as large as Guandi Temple. Wenchang Temple used to have only Taoist priests, and later it was headed by monks. The monks in the temple belonged to Huayan Sect of Buddhism (the first sage Sect). After the Revolution of 1911, Wenchang Temple stopped offering sacrifices. The first half of the temple site is now Maoer Hutong Primary School. Wenchang Dijun Temple is still in the courtyard, and it is a cultural relic protection unit in Dongcheng District.
Other landscapes
Hutong Road South moved from the small east gate of Peking University to the "there" bar, which borrowed the architectural techniques of quadrangles and patios. Most of the people who come to the bar are young people and some foreigners. The stopped bar and the ancient hutong culture coexist peacefully here.
The west entrance of Hutong is the Houmen Bridge in Shichahai, next to the Temple of Fire and Maoer Hutong, separated by a road. Turn right and face the towering Drum Tower. Di 'anmen Street is full of traffic and shops, which is in sharp contrast with the quiet hutong. In the early years, when the incense of the Temple of Fire was at its peak, it once attracted many good men and women to burn incense and worship Buddha. Looking back at the quaint Maoer Hutong again, I really hope it will live for 100 years, leaving a historical witness for future generations, because it is the root of Beijingers and the soul of this civilized ancient city.
The National Theatre is located at No.45 Maoer Hutong. Due to demolition, it was moved to No.305 Ganshiqiao outside Guang 'anmen on 201/. There are many old traces, celebrities and stories in Maoer Hutong. Maoer Hutong No.5, No.6 and No.7 (No.7, No.9,1,13, 15) were originally two buildings connected together, and the east and west houses each had a garden. Dongyuan is Keyuan. Keyuan Garden was the private garden of Yu Wen, a great scholar of Wuyingtang in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. It is a big quadrangle that imitates Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden and Lion Forest. The whole park is only 100 meters long from north to south and 30 meters wide from east to west. Although the garden is small, it is very pleasant, hence the name "Keyuan".
Feng
When Feng was acting president of the Republic of China, he bought these two houses from Wen Jia. Feng was trapped in Maoer Hutong after 19 18 stepped down. 19 19 12.28, Feng died of typhoid fever in Maoer Hutong. With the approval of Xu Shichang, Chairman of Beiyang Government, a state funeral was held for Feng, with flags flying at half mast for three days and public sacrifices for one month. Later, he moved to his hometown in Hejian, Hebei Province for burial.
After Feng died, his family rented a part of the house (now Maoer Hutong 13) to his father. From 1922 to 1929, Zhu Jiajin spent his childhood and adolescence here.
Zhu Jiajin
He is the 25th grandson of Zhu, a Neo-Confucianism scholar in the Song Dynasty. Contemporary famous scholars, archaeologists, experts in Qing history, and experts in drama research. His father, Zhu Wenjun, studied in England in his early years and was the founder of the Palace Museum. As for himself, he is known as the "national treasure of cultural relics", and his accomplishments in cultural relics collection and appraisal are comparable to those of Zhang Boju.
Wanrong
Wanrong lived here before she got married, commonly known as the Queen's Room. Guo Buluo Wanrong's ancestors were Daur nationality and belonged to Zhengbai Banner, which made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty. Wanrong was born in Rong Yuan House, Maoer Hutong, 1906.
Wanrong's father, Minister of the Interior Guo Buluo Rongyuan, is an open-minded person. He advocates that girls should receive the same education as boys. After moving to Tianjin, Wanrong attended an American missionary school, studied English, played the piano, and especially liked jazz music. Her appearance is dignified and beautiful, fresh and refined, and piano, chess, calligraphy and painting are everywhere. 1922, Wanrong was elected as the queen by virtue of family power, 17 years old married Puyi.
Baylor is responsible for all wedding matters, and the wedding fee is agreed to be 654.38+0.2 million. In order to raise this huge expenditure, Qing history prepared a document to recover the "preferential treatment fee" accumulated by the government of the Republic of China for many years, and the answer was "it is difficult to do it". Then he took the mortgage loan from the British HSBC, and transported 4 1 boxes of gold and silver utensils and two barrels of porcelain and jade articles to the British HSBC in Dongjiaomin Lane by 1 1 car.
1922 12 1 Around 0: 00 that day, Feng Yu left the palace and came to Maoer Hutong, which opened the grand ceremony of the last emperor's wedding.
On this day, there were tens of thousands of spectators and military police along the way from Maoer Hutong to Queen's Palace. Cars, wagons and wagons are hard to count. The wedding procession consists of two types, namely, marching troops leading the yamen cavalry, police cavalry, security cavalry and military music ... Finally, the queen's 22-year-old golden roof Phoenix Jade and room cleaning attendants.
19.46 million Rong died in Yanji prison in Jilin at the age of 40.