Therefore, how to reduce the damage of brain tissue, protect the central function of the brain and eliminate tumors to the maximum extent is still the research direction and goal of oncologists.
Clinical manifestations of intracranial tumors mainly include increased intracranial pressure and local symptoms and signs:
(1) Symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension:
Headache, vomiting and papilla edema are the main symptoms of intracranial hypertension.
1. headache: tumors in the posterior cranial fossa can cause occipital and cervical pain and radiate to the orbit. The degree of headache is getting worse with the progress of the disease. Children may not have obvious headache due to patent cranial suture or separation of cranial suture. The headache symptoms of the elderly appear late because of brain atrophy and slow response.
2. Optic papilla edema: it is an important objective sign of increased intracranial pressure. Optic papilla edema appeared earlier in midline and infratentorial tumors and later in supratentorial benign tumors. Some patients may not have optic papillae edema.
3, vomiting: vomiting is jet-like, mostly accompanied by nausea. Vomiting of infratentorial tumor occurs early and seriously because vomiting center, vestibule and vagus nerve are stimulated.
In addition to the above three main symptoms, there may be visual impairment, blackening, diplopia, dizziness, cataplexy, indifference, disturbance of consciousness, incontinence, slow pulse and high blood pressure. Symptoms often manifest as progressive aggravation. Acute intracranial hypertension can occur when the brain tumor is cystic or intra-tumor stroke.
(2) Focal symptoms and signs: Focal symptoms refer to local neurological dysfunction caused by brain tumors.
There are two kinds, one is irritating symptoms, such as epilepsy, pain, muscle twitching and so on. The other is the functional loss caused by normal nerve tissue being crushed and destroyed, that is, paralytic symptoms, such as hemiplegia, paralysis, sensory disturbance and so on.
The earliest symptoms of lesions have localization significance, because the initial symptoms or signs indicate the location where brain tissue is first damaged by tumors. Brain tumors in different parts have many local specific symptoms and signs.