Parkinson's syndrome, also known as tremor paralysis, is the most common degenerative disease of the central nervous system in middle-aged and elderly people, which can be divided into secondary and symptomatic Parkinson's syndrome. Secondary Parkinson's syndrome often occurs after other nervous system diseases (encephalitis, cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, etc.). ) or poison and drugs. In addition to Parkinson's disease, its clinical manifestations are often accompanied by manifestations left over from the primary disease, such as epilepsy, hemiplegia, headache, ataxia, eye movement disorder, aphasia and so on. This disease can occur in any age group. The incidence rate is about 8% of all patients.
Causes of Parkinson's disease
1. nervous system aging
At present, Parkinson's disease mainly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, and it is very rare to occur before the age of 40. According to epidemiological investigation, the incidence rate of people over 40 years old is 0.35%, and that of people over 60 years old is 2%. The incidence rate increases with age, suggesting that age-related nervous system aging may be related to the etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
It was found that the activities of dopaminergic neurons, striatum tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine decarboxylase and dopamine transmitter in substantia nigra decreased or decreased year by year with age after 30 years. However, only a few elderly people get sick, indicating that the degeneration of physiological dopaminergic neurons is not enough to cause Parkinson's disease. In fact, only when dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra are reduced by more than 50% and dopamine transmitters in striatum are reduced by more than 80%, will motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease appear clinically. Normal nervous system aging will not reach this level, therefore, aging is only a fuse of Parkinson's disease.
2. Increased oxidative stress
Free radicals can make unsaturated fatty acids undergo lipid peroxidation, which will cause oxidative damage to protein and DNA, leading to cell degeneration and death. Under normal circumstances, there is a free radical scavenging system in the body, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain, thus ensuring the body from being damaged by free radicals. In the study of Parkinson's disease, it is found that the production of free radicals and the enhancement of oxidative stress are closely related to the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease.
Aging of nervous system and increased oxidative stress are two major causes of Parkinson's disease. If not treated in time, it will cause more damage to the patient's nervous system, and it will also cause the distortion of the patient's bones, which will have a great impact on the patient and his family.