Usually at the age of 6 ~ 7, the central incisors of mandibular deciduous teeth (central incisors) begin to shake and fall off, and soon, permanent central incisors grow here; At the same time, the first molar grows behind the second deciduous molar. Since then, other teeth have been replaced. Monocusps and bicuspids of permanent teeth can only grow after deciduous teeth in the same position fall off. Until 12 ~ 13 years old, all deciduous teeth fell off and permanent teeth were replaced. After that, the single permanent tooth: 12 ~ 14 years old, the second molar grows behind the first molar, and the third molar grows after 18 years old. It is normal for some people not to have a third molar.
Problems that should be paid attention to in the process of changing children's teeth and their nursing care.
Interdental problems:
1, retention of deciduous teeth. When the deciduous teeth should fall off, they stay. Doctors call this phenomenon retention of deciduous teeth, so children should be taken to the hospital for examination and treatment in time. The main reasons are dislocation of permanent tooth germ, local inflammation and absence of permanent tooth germ.
Retained teeth with erupted permanent teeth but not deciduous teeth should be pulled out as soon as possible to avoid affecting the eruption of permanent teeth in the normal position. Don't pull out the primary teeth after the age of tooth replacement and the permanent teeth before they erupt. If permanent teeth are congenital missing, try to keep deciduous teeth.
2. Early deciduous teeth fall off. Premature deciduous teeth fall off before they should, which is called premature deciduous teeth fall off. It often causes the adjacent teeth on both sides to tilt towards the gap of missing teeth, which makes the gap of missing teeth smaller, and the permanent teeth sprout out of position due to insufficient gap. Wear a gap fixer at the gap between deciduous teeth to prevent the teeth on both sides from tilting until the permanent teeth erupt.
3. Permanent teeth are difficult to erupt. Permanent teeth are difficult to erupt. Permanent teeth produce eruption force in the process of root development, which makes them move to the gum side and gradually erupt. This requires a process, especially the upper teeth. Delayed eruption of permanent teeth is called delayed eruption of permanent teeth after replacement period. The main reasons are: premature loss of deciduous teeth, excessive teeth, odontoma or cyst obstruction, abnormal development of permanent teeth, genetic factors and so on.
4. Dislocation and occlusion of teeth. Tooth dislocation occlusion tooth replacement, jaw development, gradually establish occlusion relationship, sometimes there will be temporary dislocation occlusion, in the process of tooth development, it will often adjust itself to return to normal. Some malocclusion deformities can't be adjusted by themselves, which will affect facial development. They should go to the hospital for treatment.
5, double-layer teeth. It is not uncommon for permanent teeth to drill out before deciduous teeth fall off, resulting in two rows of teeth, which is probably caused by the root of deciduous teeth not being completely resorbed. The relative position of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth can be determined by oral X-ray, so as to diagnose whether deciduous teeth can fall off or need to be pulled out.
It hurts a little when changing teeth. The process of tooth loosening and falling off is generally painless, but as deciduous teeth begin to fall off, they will grow "six-year-old teeth", which may cause gum swelling and make children complain about toothache. If the pain is severe, you need to see a dentist to see if you need to relieve inflammation and pain.
6, six-year-old teeth are not good. Six years old. Tooth is about six years old. Behind the second deciduous molar, the first permanent molar, also called the "six-year-old tooth", grows quietly. It does not replace any deciduous teeth, and it is easy to mistake them for deciduous teeth. Clinically, many children have dental caries at the age of six, which have developed into pulpitis or periapical periodontitis. In order to prevent dental caries of six-year-old teeth, pit and fissure sealing should be carried out as soon as possible.
When changing teeth, teeth usually fall off naturally, so parents don't have to worry. If you are worried about the retention of deciduous teeth, you can pull them out with a little external force when the teeth are loose to a certain extent (when the shaking gap is larger than the teeth themselves, about two weeks after the teeth are loose). At that time, there will be a small amount of bleeding, but don't worry, their functions will stop bleeding naturally.
Nursing during tooth changing:
1, please pay attention to whether the deciduous teeth are stuck or fall off early. There is a certain time and order for deciduous teeth to fall off, which should not be called deciduous teeth retention. The consequence is often that permanent teeth cannot erupt in normal positions. The most common is that the lower front permanent teeth grow on the inner side of deciduous teeth, and the upper front permanent teeth grow on the outer side of deciduous teeth, which looks like double-layer teeth. Children should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible, and the stranded deciduous teeth should be pulled out to make room for the eruption of permanent teeth.
If the deciduous teeth fall off before they should, it is called premature deciduous teeth fall off, which often leads to the adjacent teeth on both sides leaning towards the gap of missing teeth, which makes the gap of missing teeth smaller, and the permanent teeth sprout out of position due to insufficient gap. At this time, a gap retainer (customized by the Department of Stomatology of the hospital) should be installed at the gap of the deciduous teeth to prevent the teeth on both sides from tilting, so as to keep the eruption position of the permanent teeth until the permanent teeth erupt.
2. Pay attention to whether permanent teeth are difficult to erupt. The deciduous teeth fall off prematurely, and children are used to chewing and licking with gums, which will become thick and tough, hindering the eruption of permanent teeth. Therefore, if the child has reached the age of changing teeth and the permanent teeth have not yet grown out, it is necessary to take the child to the hospital for examination in time and get the help of the doctor. Calcium deficiency in children is also an important reason for delayed eruption of permanent teeth. Parents should give their children calcium supplements in time.
3, pay attention to the cleanliness of the child's mouth. During tooth replacement, deciduous teeth coexist with permanent teeth, and permanent teeth just erupt, especially the "six-year-old tooth", which is the key to occlusion, has a large volume and many pits and grooves on the occlusal surface, which is easy to retain food residues. In addition, most children don't like to brush their teeth, like to eat sweets, and dental caries often occur. Once it happens, it should be treated as soon as possible. The most important thing at this time is to teach children to brush their teeth correctly.
4. Pay attention to correct children's bad habits. When changing teeth, when deciduous teeth are loose and about to fall off, children are often used to licking loose teeth with their tongues. This is a bad habit, which will affect the normal eruption of permanent teeth. It is necessary to correct it in time to prevent malocclusion-that is, the teeth are not arranged neatly.
5. During the tooth changing period, the child's teeth are changing, and the jaw is developing, and then the occlusal relationship is gradually established. Sometimes there will be temporary malocclusion, and in the process of tooth development, it can often adjust itself and return to normal. Some malocclusion deformities, such as the gap between the upper teeth caused by the low labial frenum position of the upper lip, cannot be adjusted by itself, which will affect the facial development. You should go to the hospital for treatment, otherwise it will affect the child's appearance.